Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/287

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NOS

and Scotland mould have the fame Ceremonies and Disci- pline ; the Acquiefcence wherein, or DifTenting from which, determined Conformity, and Nonconformity.

NONCUPATIVE, in the Schools, a Term ufed to ex* prefs fomething that is only nominal, or has no Exigence but in Name.

Felix of Urgel maintained, that Jefus Chrift, as Man, was only God Noncupatively, i.e. only by Name. Alcuin t in his Anfwer to Felix, maintains, that 'tis to fall into Nejio- rianifm to diftinguiih two Sons of God in Jefus Chrift, the one Natural, the other Adoptive 5 and two Gods, the one Real, the other Nuncupative.

Noncurative, or Nuncupative Will, in Law, a laft Will or Teftamcnt only made verbally, or viva-voce) and not put in Writing. See Will and Testament.

NONES, Nonje, in the Roman Calendar, the fifth Day of the Months January, February, April, June, Augufi, Sep tember, November, and December 5 and the feventh of March, May, July, and OBober ; Thefe four laft Months having fix Days before the Nones, and the others only four. See Calend.

The Word apparently has its Rife hence, that the Day of theNones was nine Days before the Ides, and might be calPd Nono-Idus. See Ides.

March, May, July, and Augufi had fix Days in their Nones j by reafon thefe alone in the antient Constitution of the Year by Numa, had 51 days apiece } the reft having only 29, and February 50. But when C^flrreform'd the Year, and made other Months contain 51 Days, he did not Hkewife allot them fix Days of Nones. SccCalendar, Year, Month, &c.

NONE, is alfo one of the feven Canonical Hours, in the Romijh Church.

None is the laft of the letter Hours that comes before Vefper; and anfwers to three a-clock in the Afternoon. See Vesper.

The fingle Office, and that for the Dead, end at Nones, which Father Rnjweyd obferves, was anciently the Hour for the breaking up of the Synaxis, or ufual Meetings at Church of the Primitive Chriftians.

The Hour of Nones was alfo the ufual time for taking the Repaft on Falt-days 5 tho fome would keep the Faft till Night. See Fast.

NONUS Humeri Placentini, in Anatomy, a Mufclc, call'd alfo Rotundas minor. See Rotundus.

NORMAL Line, in Geometry, is ufed for a perpendicular Line. See Perpendicular.

NORROY, or North Roy, i.e. Northern King ; the Title of the third of the three Kings at Arms, or Provincial He- ralds. SeeKiNG at Arms, and Herald.

His Jurifdiclion lies on the North fide of Trent, whence his Name 3 as Clarencieux, on the South. Sec Claren- cieux.

NORTH, in Cofmography, one of the Cardinal Points of the Horizon, being that Interferon of *l '■ lorizon and Meridian neareft the North-Pole. See Cardinal Point and Horizon.

NoRTH-Sto", the laft in the Tail of dio little Bear 5 call'd alfo the Pole-Star. See PoLE-Star. North Wind, North Pole, North Sea, North Sea Company, North Wall, North Dial, &c. North Eaft, a Rhumb, or Point, in the middle between theEaft, and the North. See Rhumb and Point.

North Weft, is a Point or Rhumb in the middle between the North and Weft. See West, &c.

North North Eaft, North E.iji and by Eaft, are Subdivifions of the Compafs between the North and Eaft. See Wind.

Northern Signs, are thofe fix on the North fide of the Equator. See Sign.

Northern Light, or Aurora Borealis, fee Aurora Bo-

REAL1S.

Northern AfyeS vrExpofure, fee Exposure.

Northing, in Navigation, the difference of Latitude a Ship makes in failing towards the North Pole. See Sailing, Latitude, &c.

NOSE, the external Organ of Smelling 5 orthat Part in Men, rais'd in the middle of the Face. See Face.

The Nofe is ufually divided by Anatomifts into external and internal j a divifion of very little fervice.

It is farther fubdivided into fevcral Parrs which make up its external Figure: Whereof the firft is the Dor/urn, or Ridge, running along the whole length of it; one part whereof,. about the middle, more prominent than the reft, is call'd the Spine '■, and the Extreme, which in many is turn'd round, the Orbiculus : The Sides are call'd the AU or Penme.

The Teguments of the Nofe arc common to the reft of the Face. Under thefe appear the Mufcles of the Nofe,

which are three Pair, viz. the Elevames Ala Naft, fervitm to pull the AU upwards, and turn them outwards ; the Dilator es AU Naft, which draw them from each other, and widen the external Apertures of the Noftrils, and the Con- ftrtttlores AUNaft, which draw them downwards nearer each other j andatthefame time the upper Lip alfo downwards. See each Mufclc defcribed under its proper head, Eleva- tores AUNaft,&c.

The Frame of the Nofe is chiefly fupported by two Bones which end in Cartilages, of a triangular Figure 5 and are divided in the middle by a third, call'd Septum, into two Partitions, call'd the Nares, or Noftrils.

This Septum likewife ends in a Cartilage 5 by means of which Cartilages, the lower part of the Nofe is rendcr'd mo- veable, which the upper, being perfectly ofleous, is not. The Cartilages of the AU are tied to the other by Ligaments which loofe Connexion renders them moveable.

The Bones of the Nofe are either Proper, or Common. The firft of the Proper, are the two external ones that conftitutc the Dorfum, and are join'd to the Ojjafmntis, the fourth Bone of the upper Jaw, and to each other, ufually per harmoniam. See Dorsum Naft.

In the Concave of the Arch of thefe two Bones, at their Union internally, is placed thebony part of the Septum. Its upper part joins the OsEthmoides 5 but in Adults is continued fo as the Ethmoides, and its Procefs, call'd Crifta Galli, ap- pear of a piece with the Septum. The Septum is thinneft in the middle, and divides the right Noftril from the left ; tho its Pofition is feldom perpendicular. It is capp'd with another thin Bone, from its Figure call'd Vomer Aratri, and is join'd to the fourth Bone of the upper Jaw, and to the Offa Talati. See Septum.

The other proper Bones are the Turbinata, or Spongiofa, two of which are ufually found in each Noftril, fometimes three, one over the other. The middlemoft, when there are three, is fo placed as to melter the Perforation of the Antrum maxilU ■juperioris into the Noftril, and prevents the fudden ru/hing in of Air from the Noftril into the Antrum. They are all very porous, and turn'd, not unlike the Shell Concha Veneris. In Quadrupeds, theie Bones are very nu- merous. SceSpONGIOSA.

The common Bones of the Nofe are fuch as make Fences for thcForamina Narium, and help to compofe the Parts adjacent. The largeftof thefe is the fourth Bone of the upper Jaw, which has the greateft fliare in framing the Foramina. See Jaw.

Thefe fourth Bones, with the Septum and Offa turbinata chiefly frame the internal Parts of the Foramina. In the* upper part, a Portion of the Os frontis, the infide of the Os Unguis, the Os Cribrafum, with part of the Sphenoides 5 and backwards towards the Fauces, the Offa Palati, help to com- pofe the Foramina.

Befide the Cavities circumfcribed by the Bones now men- tioned, the Foramina have feveral collateral Cavities that open into them : The largeft is that call'd Antrum Gen* 5 by Dr. Highmore, Antrum maxilla fuperioris, framed in the fourth Bone of the upper Jaw, near two Inches long, and an Inch broad 5 the bony Parts of which, with the Sphenoides, make the Foramen lacentm externum. Its lower Surface makes a thin Cuvcring to all the Roots of the Molar es, and Can'mi s which trequeoilj upon drawing a Tooth, to which it flicks is taken along with it, whereby this Cavity is open'dinto the Alveolus, andconfequently into the Mouth.

All thefe Cavities of the Nofe and Cheek, as alfo the Offa turbinata, Septum, ££?c. are inverted with a Membrane furnifli'd with large Arteries from the Carotides - 7 an d Veins which empty themfelves into the Jugulars ; and Nerves, from the fifth Pair, as well as the Olfactory Nerves.

In this Membrane are a great number of fmall Glands placed very near each other, from whence flows all that Pitmta, commonly difcharg'd at the Noftrils.

By means of this Mucus or Pitmta is the Membrane kept foft, and defended from the Injuries of extraneous Bodies efpecially thofe of the Air, which muft pafs this way in Infpiration when the Mouth is fiiut. See Mucus.

By this means, the Olfactory Nerves, here diffufed, are render'd capable of the Perception of odoriferous Effluvia - which the drynefs of the Part would be apt to deftroy. See Smelling.

Befides this ufe of the Nofe, which is the principal, Nature has made it, as it were, a Diverticulum to the Eyes 5 there being a confiderable Paffage into each Noftril that empties itfelf under the middle Os turbinatum, arifing from two Apertures call'd Pmiila Lachrymalia^tthc great Canthus.

By this way, the fupcrfluous Moiftureof the Eyes is car- j ' ried off, which would otherwife incommode the Cheeks 5 as in effect it does, when thofe Parts are affected with any diforder; as in the JEgylops, and Fiftula Lacrymalis. See Fistula, ££?c.

The Difeafes to which the Nofe is fubjecl, are a Coryza,

Ozsejia, Polypus, Sarcoma, and Noli me tangere, befide


 * ,anaa '-'

Sneezing, and a lofs of Smelling. See each in its Place.

Ami,