Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/28

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JiNDICTlON fignifies the Convocation of an EcclefL ffical Affembly, as of a Synod or Council, and even a Diet. The word is alfo ufed of the fevcral Seffions of the fame Councils. And hence it is, that at the end of the Seffions of the Council of Trent, the Decree by which theCouncil appoints the Dayof the future Scfiion, is called the lndittion of that Seffion.

By Roman bidiBion is meant an Epoche, or Manner of accounting Time ufed by the Romans, containing a Cycle or Revolution of fifteen Years, which when expired it returns to Unity again. This Method of Computation has no Dependance on the heavenly Motions. Fetaaius fays, there is nothing in Chronology lefs known than the Roman Indi&ion 5 he means, than its Origin and Commencement. "lis the general Opinion it was instituted in the time of Gonftantine, but this is a mere Guefs. There were In- diBwis in the time of the Emperor Cojtfiam, as appears from the Theodojian Code., The Learned hold that the IndtBions were no more than certain annual Taxes, the Tarif whereof was publifhed every Year : but why they were fo called, why confined to a Cycle of fifteen Years, when oron whatOccafion instituted, is not known. We find three kinds of IndiSions mentioned in Authors ; the JndiBion of Conjlantinofle, beginning on the Calends of September ■, the Imperial or Cefarim IndiBion, on the 24th ot September ; and the Raman IffdiBion, which is that ufed in the Pope's Bulls, and begins on the iff of January. The Popes have dated their Ails by the Year of 'Indi&ion, ever iince Charlemaign made them Sovereign ; before which time they dated them by the Years of the Emperors. At the time of the Reformation of the Calendar in 1582, was reckoned the tenth Year of the Ind-.&ion -. So that be- ginning to reckon hence, and dividing the Number of Years elapfed between that time and this by 15, the Re- mainder will be the Year of bidiBion, correfponding to the present Year of our Lord 1722. viz. 15. This may alfo be found by adding 5 to the Year of our Lord, and di- diyiding the Sum by 15. The word IndiSiott comes from IndiBio, which fignifies Eftablifhmcnt, Order, or Denun- ciation. The Time of the IndiB'ton among the Romans, was that wherein the People were fummoned to pay a cer- tain Tribute ; and 'tis for this Reafon that the Imperial In- diB'ton began towards the end of September, becaufc the Harvefl being then got in, it was fuppofed the People could cafily pay their Tribute.

IND1CT1VE, an Epithet given to certain Fcaft-Days appointed by the Roman Magiftratcs, tg& the Conful or Prxtor. See Feria.

INDICTMENT, or ENDITEMENT, in our com- mon Law, fignifies as much as stccufatio among the Civi- lians j tho' in fome Points it differs. An Indi&ment is a Bill, or Declaration, made in form of Law for the Bene- fit of the Commonwealth, exhibited as an Accufation of one for fome Offence, either criminal or penal, unto Ju- rors, and by their Verdict found to be true, and prefented before an Officer that has Power to punifli the fame Of- fence. Itfeemstobe an Accufation, becaufe the Jury that enquireth of the Offence does not receive it, till the Party that offereth the Bill, appearing, fubferibe his Name, and proffer his Oath for the Truth of it. It is al- ways at the Suit of the King, and differs from an Accufa- tion in this, that thePreferrer is noway tied to the Proof thereof upon any Penalty, if it be not proved, except there appear a Confpiracy. The word is derived from the French eiidtter, indicare, or according to Mr. Lambert, \ v -

INDIGESTION, a want of Digeftion. TntheSyftem of Trituration, IndtgefHon, which is a Crudity, may be very naturally accounted for, from the Relaxation of the Fibres of the Stomach. A bilious Indtgefiion, in the Opinion of Hecqnet y a great Advocate for Trituration, is owing to too much Force in the Stomach, too much "Vivacity in its Of- cillations, which fpoil the Digeftion, by rendering the Trituration imperfect. But this is hardly fatisfaetory, for it ihould feem that Digeftion would be the more perfect, in proportion as the Force of the Stomach increafed. See D'wejiion.

INDIGETES, a Name which the Antients gave to their Gods, or arleaft to fome of them. There are va- rious Opinions about the Origin and Signification of this word 5 fome pretending it was given to all the Gods in general, and others only to the Great Men whom they deified 5 others fay it was given to fuch Gods as were ori- ginally cf the Country, or rather fuch as were the Gods of the Country that bore this Name 5 and others again hold it was afcribe'd to fuch Gods as were Patrons and Protectors of Cities.

Thofe of the firlt Opinion maintain, that the Gods were fo called by Jntighrajis, becaufe they wanted no- thing 5 the word coming from the Verb indigeo, } -want. %S this were true, the word In&getis would fignify nearly

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the fame thing in Latin with the Hebrew Hip, Stiadd.it, which the Scripture frequently gives to God, as fignr- f)ing, that he is fufficient for himfelf, and needs no- thing. Thofe of the fecond Opinion derive the word from indigitare, to call, invoke ; it being thefeGods who were or- dinarily invoked, and who lent the readielt Ear to the Vows that were made them. To this purpofe they cite Macrobms, who ufes the word indigitare in that Senfe, tel- ling us the Vellals make their Invocations thus, /folio Phy- [tcia.nl A f olio P nan'. Veftales ha indignant, Afollo Medice ! Afollo Pmn ! They add, that their 'Book of Prayers and Forms of Invocation were called Indigitamenta. Laftly, others hold Indigetei to be derived from inde genitus, or in loco degens, or from inde and ago for dego, I live, I inhabit ; which lafl Opinion feems the mod probable. In effect it appears, that thefe Indigetes were alfo called Local Gods, Dii Locales, or Tofical Cods, which is the fame thing. (z.) The Indigetes were ordinarily Men deified, who in- deed were, in effefl, Local Gods, being efteemed the Protectors of thofe Places where they were deified ; fo l that the fecond and third Opinion are very confiflent. (3.) Virgil joins Patrii with Indigetes, as being the fame thing, Gear. I. Dii Tatrii, Indigetes. ( 4 .J The Cods to whom the Romans gave the Name Indigetes, were Taams s Vefia, JEneas, Romulus, all the Gods of Italy ; and at A- tbens Minerva, fays Serums, and at Carthage Dido. 'Tis true we meet with Jupiter Indiges, but that Jxfiter Indiges is JEntas, not the Great Jufiter ; as we may fee in Livy, I. 1, c. ;. in which lafl fenfe Servius affures us, Indiges comes from the Latin, in Diis ago, lam amewr the Cod'.

INDIGNATORIUS MUSOULUS, that Mufcle is thus called, which is fuppofed to draw the Eye from its inner Corner outwards, which gives an Appearance of Scorn and Anger ; but this is properly a compound Motion of two Mufcles ; for which fee Eye.

INDIGO, a Drug of a deep blue Colour, brought hi- ther from the Weft-Indies. It is dtawn from the Leaves of a Plant which the Spaniards call Anil, and we Indigo. The Method of Preparation is this. When the Plant has attained to a certain height, and its Leaves are in a good Condition, they cut them down, and throw them into a kind of Vat, covering them with Water. Thefe they boil together for the fpace of twenty four hours ■• at theTopfwims a Scum, with all" the different Colours of the Rainbow. Then the Water is let off into ano- ther Veffel, where they agitate and churn it, as it were, with five or fix long Poles, fitted together for that purl pofe. This they continue to do till the Water becomes of a deep Green, and till the Grain, as they call it, forms? itfelf, which they difcover by taking a little of it out into another Veffel, and (pitting in it; for if then they perceive a bluifli Dreg fubfiding, they ceafe to beat. The Matter- then precipitates of itfelf to the Bottom of the Veffel, and when it is well fettled, they pour off the Water. Af- ter this they take out the Indigo, and put it into little Li- nen Bags, and let it drain ; this done, they put it into /hallow wooden Boxes, and when it begins to dry, they cut it into flices, and let them harden in the Sun.

There are feveral kinds of Indigo ; the beft is that called Seratuffi, from the Name of a Village where 'tis p rcpared. We chufe it in flat Pieces, of a moderate thick- nefs, prerty hard, clean, light enough to fwim in the Wa- ter, inflammable, of a fine blue Colour, marked a little on the Infide with Silver Streaks, and appearing reddifh when rubbed on the Nail.

Indigo is ufed among the Painters, who gtind and mix it with white to make a blue Colour ; for without that Mixture it would paint blacki/h. They mix it with Yellow, to make a Green Colour. It is alfo ufed in Dying, and by the Laundreffes, to give a bluiffl Call to their Linen.

In the Hortus Malalaricus is an Account of the Plant whence Indigo is drawn : The Decoflion of wiofe Root is faid to be excellent againft Nephritic Cholics ; its Leaves, applied to the lower Ventricle, good to promote Urine j and theMi'no itfelf of good Ufe in drying Tumours.

INDIRECT Modes of Syllogifms in Logic, are the five lift Modes of the firft Figure, expreffed' by the bar- barous words Baralifton, Celamis, Dahitis, Frifefomorum. 'Tis the Conversion of the Conclufion which renders the Modes indirelf. For inflance, a Syllogifm in Darii, and a- nothcr in Dahitis would be perfectly alike, were it not for that Converfion ; the Propofitions having the fame Quantity, and the fame Quality, and the middle Ten™ being the Subjeft in the Major, and the Attribute in the Minotir. both. It remains then, that to make a Dif- tinction, that which is the Subjefl of the Conclufion in Darii, is the Attribute in the Conlufion of Dahitis ; and that which is the Attribute in the firft, the Subject in the Ufl.

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