Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/279

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Matters flood till the Pontificate of FatUV. under whom there was a folemn Re-union with the Romijb Church, whom their Patriarch folemnly own'd for the Mother, £$c. of all Churches 5 fending his Minifters to Rome to negotiate the Union, and compofing an Explication of the Articles of Religion, where their Difputes with the Romifo Church were reprefented as only verbal, £5?c.

NET, Neat, in Commerce, fomething pure, and un- adulterated with any foreign Mixture.

Thus, Wine is faid to be Net when not falfify'd or balder- da fh'd 5 and Coffee, Rice, Pepper, ^c. areNef, when the Filth and Orduresare feparated from them.

A Diamond is faid to be Net when it has no Stains or Flaws ; a Cryftal, when tranfparent throughout.

Net is alfo ufed for what remains after the Tare has been taken out of the Weight of any Merchandizes i.e. when itisweigh'd clear of all Package. See Tare.

Thus we fay, a Barrel of Cochineal weighs 450 Pounds ? the Tare is 50 Pounds, and there remains Net 400 Pounds.

NET-JWhcc, a Term ufed to exprefs what any Com- modity has yielded, all Tare and Charges deducted.

The Merchants fometimes ufe the Italian Words, Nctta procedido, for Net- Produce,

NET-Mz/o»ry, fee Masonry.

NETE Hyperboleon, in the antient Mufic, the name of the higheft and moft acute of the Chords of the Lyre, or the antient Scale, or Diagrarama. See Di agramma.

It anfwer'd to the A, mi, la t of the third Octave of the Organ, or the modern Syftem.

The Word is compofed of the Greek trm and vmt$4to#r t i. e. The laji of the higheft Chords.

Nete Diazeugmenon, in the Antient Mufic, was one of the Chords of the Lyre, or Syftem of the Antients. See

DlAGRAMMA.

It anfwers to the E, fi, mi, of the third Octave of the Organ, or modern Syftem.

The Word comes from the Greek vtm and JW£»yf«w»r, iaft of the feparate ones - 7 where is underftood the word Chord.

Nete Synemmemn t in the Antient Mufic, the Name of the higheft Chord of a Tetrachord of the Greek Syftem, added to make the bfoft fall between the Mefe aixlFttramefe, i.e. between la and fi* SeeDiAGRAMMA.

This Chord had the fame Sound with the Faranete Dia- zeugmenon, or our la by h mollis.

The Word comes from the Greek urn and evnfj.pww, the laft of thofe added 5 where is underftood the word Chord.

NEURITICS, or Nervines, in Medicine, Remedies proper for Difeafes of the Nerves, and Joints.

Such are Betony, Lavender, Rofemary, Sage, Laurel, Marjoram, and other among the Cephalics.

The Word is form'd from the Greek viiyi, Nervus. Hence alfo

NEUROGRAPHY, in Anatomy, a Defcription of the Nerves. See Nerve.

Raim. Vteujfens, a Phyfician of Mtntpeflier, has an excellent Treatife in Latin, under the Title Neurography Univerfalis, where he mews, that there are more Ramifications of the Nerves in the Skin, than in the Mufcles, and all the ■other parts. See Skin.

Duncan, another Phyfician of the fame Place, has a Treatife call'd NeurographiaRationalis.

Neurographia is fomething more general than

NEUROLOGY, which implies a Difcourfe of the Nerves 3 in as much as the former may be underftood, not only of Difcourfes on the Nerves, but alfo of Figures and Engravings, reprefenting them 5 whereas the latter is retrained to difcourllng alone.

NEUTER, a Perfonfrce or indifferent, who has efpoufed neither Party, and is neither Friend nor Foe.

Thus we fay a Judge is to be Neuter in the Caufes he judges ; and thus, we fay, in Queftions, where Reafon ap- pears Neuter, a Man muftever incline to the Side of the Unhappy.

Neuter, in Grammar, is ufed for a fort of Gender of Nouns which are neither Mafculine, nor Feminine. See Gender.

The Latins have three kinds or Genders, Mafculine, Fe- minine, and Neuter. In Englifh, and other modern Tongues, there is no fuch thing as Neuter Nouns. See Noun.

TeWfjNEUTER, by fome Grammarians call'd Intranfi- ihe Kerbs, are thofe that govern nothing, and that are neither active norpaflive. SeeVERH.

When the Action exprefs'd by the "Verb has no Objecl to fall upon, but the Verb alone fupplies the whole Idea of the Action, the Verb is faid to be Neuter j as I fleep, thou yawneft, hefneezes, we walk, ye run, they (land ft ill.

Some divide Verbs Neuter into, ifi, Such as don't fignify any Action, but a Quality 5 as alhet, it is white ; or a Si- luation, asfedet, he fits 5 or have fome relation to Place, as

adejt, he is prefent j or fome other State or Attribute, a s regnat, he rules, 5Jfc.

And, zdly, thofe that do fignify Actions, tho thofe fuch as don't pals into any Subject different from the Actor - as to dine, to fuf>, to play, &c.

But this latter kind fometimes ceafe to be Neuter, and commence active 5 efpecially in Greek and Latin, when a Subject is given them 5 as vhere vitam, ambulare viatn pugnare pugnam. Thus the old French Poets fay, Soupirer Jon tourment 5 the Englijh, tofigb his Woes, &c.

But this is obferved only to obtain where fomething par- ticular is to be exprefs'd, not contain'd in the Verb 5 as vhere vitam heatam t to live a happy Life j pugnare honam pitgnam, to fight a good fight, $$c.

According to the Abbot de Dangeau, Verbs Neuter maybe divided into a&he and pafjtve ; the firft thofe that fortn their Tenfes in Englijh by the auxiliaiy Verb to have 1 in French by avoir. The fecond thofe that form them in Englijk with the Verb to be 5 in French, etre.

Thus, to Jleep and toy awn, dormer and eternuer, are Neu- ters active. To come, and to arrive, are Neuters paflive.

The fame Author fubdivides each Kind into feveral Branches. See Verb.

NEUTRALITY, the State of a Perfon or Thing that is Neuter. See Neuter.

NEUTRAL Salts, among Chymi'fts, are a fort of inter- mediate Salts between Acids and Alcalies ; partaking of the nature of both. See Salt, Acid, and Alcaly.

Mr. Boyle alfo gives the Appellation Neutral to a fort of Spirits, differing in divers Qualities both from Vinous, Acid, and Urinous Spirits. Thefe he alfo calls Anony- mous and Adiaphorous Spirits. See Adiaphorous.

NEWEL, in Architecture, the upright Poft, which a Pair of Winding-Stairs turn about ; or that part of the Stair-Cafe which fuftains the Steps. See Stair.

The Newel is a Cylinder of Stone, which bears on the Ground, and is form'd by the ends of the Steps of the Winding-Stairs.

There are alfo Newels of Wood, which are pieces of Wood placed perpendicularly, receiving the Tenants of the Steps of Wooden-Stairs into their Mortices, and wherein are fitted the Shafts and Refts of the Stair-Cafe, and the Flights of each Story.

NEW-Mooa, that State of the Moon a little before, and a little after her Conjunction with the Sun. See Moon and Conjunction.

NEWTONIAN Fhitafipby, the Doftrine of the Uni- verfe, and particularly of the heavenly Bodies 5 their Laws, Affections,^, asdeliver'd by Sir Ifaac Newton. See Phi- losophy.

The Term Newtonian Philofophy, is apply'd very diffe- rently 3 whence divers confuted Notions relating thereto.

Some Authors, under this Philofophy, include all the Cor- pufcular Philofophy confider'd as it now ftands corrected and reformMjby the Difcoveries andlmprovements made in feveral parts thereof, by Sir J. Newton. In this fenfe it is that Gravefande calls his Elements of Fhyfics, IntroduHio ad Philofophiam Newtomam.

And in this fenfe the Newtonian is the fame with the New Fhihfophy, and ftands contradiftingui/h'd to the Car- tefian, the Peripatetic, ,and the antient Corpufcular. See Corpuscular, Peripatetic, Cartesian, ££c.

Others, by Newtonian Philofophy, mean the Method or Order which Sir J. Newton obferves in philofophizing 5 viz. the Reafonmg, and drawing of Conclufions directly from Phenomena, exclufive of all previous Hypothefes ; the beginning from fimple Principles; deducing the firft Powers andLawsof Nature from a few felect Phenomena, and then applying thofe Laws, &c. to account for other things. To this Purpofe, the fame Gravefande explains himfelf in his Inftitut. Newton. Philof.

And in this fenfe, the Newtonian Philofophy is the fame with the Experimental Philofophy ; and ftands oppofed to the Antient Corpufcular. See Experimental, i$c.

Others, by Newtonian Philofophy, mean that wherein Phy- sical Bodies are confider'd Mathematically 5 and where Geometry and Mechanics are apply'd to the Solution of Phenomena: In which fenfe, the Newtonian Is the fame with the Mechanical and Mathematical Philofophy. See Me- chanical.

Others, again, by Newtonian Philofophy, underftand that part of Phyfical Knowledge, which Sir /. Newton has handled, improved, and demonftrated,in his Principia.

Others, laitly, by Newtonian Philofophy, mean, the new Principles which Sir/. Newton has brought into Philofophy 5 the new Syftem founded thereon ; and the new Solution of Phenomena thence deduced : or that which characterizes, and diflinguifhes his Philofophy from all others. Which is the fenfe wherein we fhall here chiefly confider it.

As to the Hiftory of this Philofophy, we have but little to fay: It was firft made public in the Year itf8tf, by the

Author,