Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/278

 NER

(611)

NEU

Trachea, impart fome Twigs to it, and terminate in the Mufcles of the Larynx. Their Ufe is in the Formation and Modulation of the Voice. See Voice.

Againft the Origin of the Awta it fends off a Branch to- wards the Heatt ; which dividing into two, the leffer twifts about the Pulmonary Vein ; the bigger proceeds to the Pericardium, and Heart, after having lent off a Twig, which with others from the Intercoftals, make the Plexus Car- d'tacus fuperior : proceeding ftill further, it fends out fe- veral Ramifications, which, meeting together, make the Flsxus Pneumoniae, whence arife Fibres that conftringe the Veffels and Veficles of the Lungs. In its Paffage downwards, it diflributes feveral Branches to the Oefo- phagus, along which it runs.

About the lower Vertebra of the Neck, the Trunk di- vides into two Branches, the external and internal, com- municating all along by feveral Ramifications, and at length reuniting. The reft of this Pair joins with the Intercoftals in the formation of feveral Plexus's in the lower Venter, and in them feems to terminate. See Plexus.

Along with thefe, and wrapp'd up in the fame Coat from the Dura Mater, paffes the

Jccejfory Nerve, or Tar Acccfforium. It has its Origin from the Medulla contain'd in the Vertebra of the Neck. Soon after its return our of the Skull, it leaves the Par Va- gum again, and is diftributed into the Mufcles of the Neck and Shoulders.

Intercojial Nee ves, con fi ft of 7ierims Filaments derived partly from the Brain, viz. Branches of the fifth and fixth Pair - 7 and partly from the Spinal Marrow, by thofe Branches they receive from the Vertebral Nerves.

In each Trunk of thefe Nerves, e'er it arrives at the Thorax, are two Cervical Plexus's, the upper whereof re- ceives a Branch from each Trunk of the Par Vagum ; the under fends out feveral Ramifications to the Oefophagus and Afpera Arteria, and particularly a large one to the recurrent Nerve. From the fame Plexus defcend two other Ramifi- cations to the Cardiac Plexus 5 which are join'd a little lower by a third, from which the Intercojial Nerve defcending to the Clavicles, divides into two, and embraces and con- ftringes the fubclavian Artery ; thence entring theThorax,it receives three or four Twigs from the upper Vertebral Nerve, together with which it conftitutes the Intercojial Plexus ■- and thence defcending along the fides of the Vertebra, and receiving a nervous Twig from each of them to the Os Sacrum, and entring the Abdomen, it forms feveral confi- derabie Plexus's, viz. the Lienaris, Hepaticus, the two Re- flates, Mejhttericus magfiu-s t and two little ones in the Pelvis. See Plexus.

Ninth Pair of Nerves, Motor'ti Lingua, arife from the middle of the Centrum Ovale, by three or four fmall Twigs, and go out of the Skull near the Procefs of the Occiput ; and fend their Branches to the Tongue.

They may belikewife call'd Gujlatorii, as they contri- bute, together with the Branches of the fifth and fixth Pair, to the Senfation of Tafting. See Tasting.

Tenth Pair of Nerves, arife by two or three Branches from the Medulla oblongata, juft below the Corpora Fyrami- dalia and Olharia, or rather, at the beginning of the Me- didla Spinalis ; whence reflecting a little backwards, it goes out of the Skull between the firft Vertebra of the Neck, and the Procefs of the Occiput.

It is fpent on the external Mufcles of the Head and Ears. See Ear, #c

. Nerves from the Spinal Mar: ow.

The Sphi.il Nerves, (i.e. thofe fpringing from the Medulla after its egrefs out of the Skull, where it lays afide the name Oblongata, and affumes that of Spinalis') are thirty Pair: Of which, fome are reckoned as belonging to the Neck, as having their Origin thence, and call'd Cervical Nerves ; others to the Dorfum, or Back, and call'd Vtrfal Nerves $ others to the Loins, call'd Lumbal Nerves, and the reft to theOj Sacrum,

Cervical Nerves. Of thefe there are feven Fair: The firft Pair arife between the firft and fecond Vertebra of the Neck, and, contrary to the reft, come out before and be- hind 5 whereas the other fix Pair come out laterally from the Junctures of the Vertebra, thro particular Perforations the Head and Ear.
 * near the tranfverfe Proceffes. They go to the Mufcles of

The fecond Pair contributes the main Branch towards the formation of the Diaphragmatic Nerves, which, accor- ding to Vicuffens, fpring only from the fourth and fixth Pair.

The three laft Pair of the Neck joining with the two firft of the Dorfum, or Thorax, make the Brachial Nerves.

All the Cervical Nerves fend innumerable Branches to the Mufcles, and other parts of the Head, Neck, and Shoulders.

Dorfal Nerves are in number twelve. Thefe, ex- cepting what the two upper pair contribute to the Brachial

Nerves, are generally diftribured into the Intercoftal and Abdominal Mufcles, the Pleura and external parts of the lnorax.

L^MNerves, arefivePair : The firft of which fends two Branches to the lower Cde of the Diaphragm. The fecond fome^ Twigs to the Genital Parts, and others, as well as the three following, to give the firft Roots to the Crural Nerves The reft of the Branches of the Lumbal Nerves are diftributed into the Mufcles of the Loins and adjacent Parts.

Nerves of the Os Sacrum, are fix Pair ; the firft three or four Pair whereof are beftow'd wholly on the Crural Nerves ; the reft on the Mufcles of the Amts % Vejica and Genital Parts.

Brachial Nerves, are the Offspring, partly of the Cer- vical', and partly o£ the Dotfals. Thefe, after the feveral Branches whereot they are com po fed have been varioufly complicated and united, run but a little way in a Trunk e'er they divide again into feveral Branches, varioufly di- ftribured into the Mufcles of the Skin and Arms.

Diaphragmatic Nerves, arelikewife the Offspring of the Cervicals. Theft, after joining in a Trunk, run thro the Mediaftimim undivided, till they arrive near the Diaphragm, into which they fend off feveral Branches ; fome into the Mufcular, others into the Tendinous part of it.

Crural Nerves, confift of an Union of fix or feven Pair, viz. the three laft of the Lumbal, and three or four firft of the Os Sacrum. Thefe, after having fpent their upper Branches on the Mufcles of the Thigh and Skin, as far as the Knee, proceed in a Trunk downwards, which fends its Branches to the Extremities of the Toes, flip- plying as it goes, the Mufcles and Skin of the Leg and Foot. This is the largeft and firmeft nervous Trunk in the Body.

Nerves, in Botany, arc long, tough, Strings running either a-crofs, or length-wife of the Leaves of Plants? See Leaves.

Nerves, in Architecture, are the Mouldings of the Pro- jecling- Arches of Vaults 5 or thofe arifing from the Bran- ches of Ogives, and crofTing each other diagonally in Go- thic Vaults, fervin» to feparate the Pendentives. See Vault, Ogive, £STe.

NERVOSA Corpora, in Anatomy. See Cavernosa Corpora.

NERVOUS Spirit, or &we, is a pure, fubtile, volatile Humour, better known by the Name of Animal Spirits 5 fecreted from the Arterioua Blood in the Cortical Part of the Brain, collected in the Medulla Oblongata, and thence driven, by the force of the Heart, into the Cavities of the Nerves; tobeconvey'd by them throughout the Body, for the Purpofes of Senfation and Animal Motion. See Spirit.

NEST, fee Nidus.

NESTORIANS, a Seel of anticnt Heretics; ftill, as Va faid, fubfifting in fome parts of the Levant.

They take their Name from Nefiorius, who, of a Monk* became a Prieft.andacclebratcd Preacher, and was at length, after the Death of Sifinr.ius in 418, rais'd by Tbeodojius to the See of Confiantinofh,

At firft he fhew'd a world of Zeal againft Herefy in his Sermons before the Emperor ; but at length taking the liberty to fay, that he found in Scripture, that Mary was the Mother of Jefus, but that he no where found, that Mary •was the Mother of God, his Auditory was fhock'd, and a great part of 'em retir'd from his Communion.

His Writings were foon fpread thro Syria and Egypt, where he made many Converts, notwithstanding the vigo- rous Oppofition of St. Cyril.

His diilinguifhing Tenet was, thar there are two Perfons in Jefus Chrirt ; and that the Virgin was not his Mother as God, but only as Man.

TheDocliine was condemn'd in the Council of Ephefus, at which affifted above 2co Bifliops ; and Nefiorius was anatbematizM anddepofed from his See.

Nefiorius was not the Author of this Error ; butborrow'd it at Antioch, where he had ftudied. Theodorus Mopfuejianus had taught the fame before him.

'Tis fome thing difficult to determine whether or no the CWifeeChriftians, who ftill profefs Nejhnanifm, havepre- cifely the fame Sentiments with Nefiorius, whom they ftill efteem as their Patriarch. They have made feveral Re- unions with the RomiJJj Church, but none of 'em have fub- fifted long. The moil confidcrable was that under the- Pontificate of TauVSf.

Till the time of Pope Julius III, they acknowledged none but one Patriarch, who aflumed the Quality of Patriarch of Babylon ; but a divifion arifing among 'em, the Patri- archate became divided, at leaft for a Time j and a new Patri- arch was appointed by that Pope, who made his Refidence at Caremita in Mefopotamia ; whofe Succeffor, however, un- able to withftand the Power of the Patriarch of Babylon, was obliged to retire within the Confines of Perfia. Thu s

Matter*