Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/272

 NE A

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NEC

Navy at the Port of Fortfmouth. The fourth has the fame at Chatham. And the fifth at Flymmtb.

TheNflvy wasantiently Victualled by Contract ; but the Victualling is now under Com mi {Turners, who keep their Officeon Tower-Hill. SeeViCTUALLiNG-O^Ve.

The ordinary Expence of the Navy in a Year of Peace, continuing in Harbour, is fo well regulated, that it amounts to fcarce 130000 /. per Annum.

The number of Ships and Veffels in the Navy, as it flood in the Year 1710, are 7 Firft-Rates, 13 Second-Rates, 48 Third-Rates, o~5 Fourth-Rates, 68 Fifth- Rates, 40 Sixth- Rates, 5 Fire-Ships, 7 Bomb- Veffels, 18 Yatchts, r Ad- vice-Boat, s Brigantines, 7 Sloops, 4 Store-Ships, 13 Hulks, 26 Hoys, 2 Smacks. See Rate.

NAZAREATE, the State and Condition of a Na%arite 9 ovNazarean among the Jews. See Nazarite.

The Nazareate was a Separation from the reft of Man- kind J particularly in three things; 1. In that the Per- fons devoted hereto drank no Wine. 2. In that they did not /have their Hair. 3. In avoiding the Touch of dead People, which they held a Defilement.

The Nazareate wasoftwo Kinds, the one Temporary, the other for Life. The Rabbins enquire what the Term of the Temporary Nazareate was, and determine it by the Cabbala ; for fince, in Scripture, Numbers vi. 5. where 'tis faid, Domino fanatus erit, the Hebrew Verb, mrv erit, con- fills of four Letters ; the fir It and third whereof taken as numeral Letters, do each make 10, and the reft each 5, all together 30 j the Term of the Nazareate, fay they, was 30 Days. See Cabbala.

NAZAR1TE, orNAzARENE, in the Old Teftament, is ufed for a Pcrfon difringuifticd and feparated from the reft, by fomething extraordinary, either his Sanctity, Dignity, or fome Vow.

In the Book of Numbers, ch. vi. we find the Vow of a Nazarite defcribed 5 i. e. the Vow whereby a Man or Wo- m&nfeParate themfelves to the Lord 5 and the Conditions, or Effects thereof as to Abltincnce, £S?c. See Naza-

REATE.

The Word comes from iht Hebrew "jy Nazar, todiftin- guifh, feparate j in which it differs from Nazarean, an In- habitant of the Country call'd Nazareth, which comes from
 * 11J Natzar, or Netz&r, tofave, preferve.

NazArites, or NAzArenes, were likewife aKind of Sectaries in the Church, in the firit Ages thereof.

S. BP'tphanius tells us the Nazareans were the fame with the Veto's in every thing relating to the Doctrine and Cere- monies of the Old Teftament ; and only differ'd from them in this, that they added Chriftianity thereto, pro- feffing to believe that Jefus Chrift was the Meffiah.

There were two Kinds of Nazames, the one Pure, who kept the Law of Mo/ei and Chriftianity together j the other, real Ebionhes, See Ejjionites.

Ecclefiaftical Writers tell us, that St. Matthew preached theGofpel to the Jews at ^enfalem, and the reft of Fale- R'tne, in their own Language 5 and that accordingly they had his Gofpel written in the Hebrew of that Time. And S. Epifbanim adds, that this Gofpel was preferved entire among theNazareans 5 only he doubts whether they might not have retrenched the Genealogy of Jefus Chrift, which was not in the Copy of the Ebionites. $. Jerome, who tran- flated it out of Hebrew into Greek and Latin, fays, A great many People took the Hebrew Gofpel ufed by the Nazct- reans and Ebionites, to be the Original of S. Matthew.

Hence Baronitts in his Annals fays, if the Vulgate Latin Verfion were to be reform'd, it fhould rather be done by the Hebrew Original, than by the Greek j which is but a Copy.

Cafattbott treats this Opinion of Baromtts as impious, as not being able to conceive how the Authority of the Greek Verfion fhould depend on a Text quite loft. He adds, That it was never ufed by any but the Nazareans, Ebionites, and fome othe* Heretics 5 and that it was full of Fables, as having been alter'd and corrupted by thofe Heretics.

N EALING, or rather Annealing, a Term ufed for the Preparing of feveral Matters by heating or baking them inan Oven, or the like.

Nealing of Glafs, is the baking of Glafs to dry,harden, and give it the due Confiftence, after it has been blown, and fafhion'd into the proper Works. See Glass.

This is ufually perform'd in a kind of Tower, call'd the Leer, built over the Melting- Furnace. See F-jrnace.

Nealing of Glafs is alfo ufed for the Art of Staining Glafs with Metal Colours. See Painting on Glafs.

Nealing of Steel, is the heating it in the Fire to -a blood-red Heat 5 and then taking it our, and letting it cool gently of itfelf. See Steel.

This is done to make it fofter, in order to Engrave or Punch upon it. See Tempering,

NEAP-TIDES, the Tides in the 2d and 4th Quarters of the Moon ; which are low Tides, in refpeft of the Spring- Tides. See Tides.

NEAT-WEIGHT, the Weight of a Commodity without the Cask, Bag. or Cafe. See Weight.

NEBULOUS, Chudy, inAflronomy, a Term apply'd to certain of the fix'd Stars, which /hew a dull, hazy Light, and are lefs than thofe of the fixth Magnitude, and fo fcarce vifible to the naked Eye, to which, at beil, they only appear like little dusky Specks or Clouds.

Through a moderate Telefcope, thefe Nebulous Stars- plainly appear to be Congeries or Clufters of feveral little Stars. SeeSTAR.

In the Nebulous Star call'd Frafepe, in the Breaft of Cancer^ there are reckon'd 30" little Stars 5 three of which, Mr. Flamflead gives us in hisCaralogue. See Cancer.

In the NeWoBJ Star of Orion are reckon'd 21. F.leCompte adds, that in the Pleiades are 40 ; 12 in the Star in the middle of Orion s Sword ; in the extent of two Degrees of the fame Conftellation, 500 5 and 2500 in the whole Con- ftellation. See Orion.

NEBULY, Ne-

BULE, OrNEBULOUS,

in Heraldry, a Term ufed when a Coat

22WW2

charged with feveral

little Figures, in form of Clouds, running within one!

another 5 or when the Out-line ofa Bordure, Ordinary, &c

is indented or waved, after the manner in the adjoining

Figure.

NECESSARY, in a Philofophical Senfe, that which cannot but be, or cannot be otherwife. See Necessity.

The Schoolmen make a great many Kinds, or Divisions hereof : As,

Necessary in Caufing : when there is a Caufe from which an Efrecl muft neceffdrily follow. Necessary in Predicating. And, Necessary ;;; Being.

There is alfo a Logical Necessary ; Fhyfical Neces- sary : Metaphyseal, and Moral Necessaries.

NECESSITY, what is done by a neceffkry Caufe, or by an irrclittible Power j in oppofition to Liberty. See Li- berty and Tower.

Necefjity is ufually confounded with Conftraint; yet, in Goo, the Necefjity of being Good is not any Conftraint, but a Perfection. In effect, Necefjity, according to Rocbe- faucault, differs from Conftraint in this, rhar the former is join'd with the Pleafure and Inclination of the Will, to which Conftraint is contrary.

Simplicity, from Plato and EpiHetw, difiingui/hes two- Kinds of Necefjity 5 the one Violent or CouBive, which is op- poiite to Liberty 5 the other Spontaneous or Voluntary^ very confiftent with it 5 for this, adds he, it is that necsffttates all things to aft according to their Nature, as being con- natural to them j fince sti^nwupimy, a thing that moves it- felf, muft of Necefjity be moved according to its own Nature, i. e, the Will : That is, fince it is ri a.v ihkiv^ov, a Self- mover, it muft neceffarily move according to its own Na- ture, /. e. fpontaneouily.

This Diftincftioa is admitted by many of the Divines, particularly S. Aumftine, who urges it againft the Pelagians, as is ftiewn by Janfenius.

The Schools diitinguilh a Fhyfical Necefjity, and a Moral Necefjity 5 a Simple, Abfalute Necefjity, and a Relative one.

A Fhyfical Necessity is the want ofa Principle, or of *-he natural Means necuffary to acl, which is otherwife call'd a Fhyfical or Natural Impotence. See Impotence.

^Morfl/ Necessity, or Impotence, is only a great Diffi- culty, fuch as that arifing from a long Habitude, a ftrong Inclination, or violent Paflion.

si Simple, or Abfolvxe Necessity, is that which his no dependanceon any State, or Conjuncture, or any particular Situation of things, but is found every where, and in all the Circumftances in which the Agent can befuppofed.

Such is in a blind Man the Nsceffity he is under of not dl- ftingui/liing Colours.

Relative Necessity, is that which places him in a real Incapacity of acting, or not acting in thofe CircumftancL-s, and that Situation he is found in j tho in other Circum- ftances, and another State of things, he might aft, or not aft.

Such, in the Opinion of x\\Qjar.f:n':fts, is the Necefjity a£ doing Evil in a Man, who, with a violent Paffion, has only a feeble Grace to refift it ; or the Necejfiy of doing well in a Man, who having Grace of feven or eight Degrees o€ { Strength, has only Concupifccnce of two or three Degrees to withftand.

All thefe Kinds of Neceffity are oppofite to Liberty; fince even in the laft, 'tis as impoflible for the Man to jct, or not aft, as if he were in a State of Jbfolute, Simple, and Fhyfical Necefjity.

The Schoolmen admit other Species of Neceffry ; An- tecedent, Concomitant, Coxfequeut, $5c.

Antecedent Necessity, is that arifing from an antecedent 7 T Caufe a