Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/248

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Tisfaid, that all the Mummy fold in the Shops, whether brought from Venice or Lyons, or even direaiy from the Levant by Alexandria, is factitious, and the Work of cer- tain Jews, who knowing the Value the Europeans fet on the Egyptian Mummy, counterfeit it by drying Carcaffes in Ovens, after having prepared 'em with Duft of Myrrh, Caballin Aloes, Jtwfi Pirch, black Pitch, and other coarfe or unwholefome Drugs.

The French CharletattSj it feems, have likewife got the Art oforeparing Mummies. Their Method is fimple enough : Out of the Carcafs of a Pcrfon hang'd, they take the Brain and Entrails, dry the reft in an Oven, keeping it in Pitch, and other Drugs. And this they fell for right Egyptian ~Mummy.

Partus has a very curious Trcadfe of Mammies, wherein he fhews the Abufcs therof ; and makes it appear that they can never be of any real medicinal ufe.

Matthiolus is cf the fame Opinion, after Serapmn. Both thefe Authors take even the Egyptian Mummies to be no more than Bodies embalmed with Piifafphaltum.

Mummy, Mu;nia t is particularly ufed for the Liquor, or Juice oozing from human Bodies Aromatized and Em- balmed ; gathcr'd in the Sepulchres. This is the Mummy chiefly fpoke of among theantient Writers.

Mummy is alfo a Medicinal Drug, or a vifcous Composi- tion partaking of Bitumen and Pitch found in the Mountains and Fprefrs or Arabia, and other hot Countreys of the Eajr.

Viofcorides fpeaks of a Mummy found on the Sea-Coafls near Epidaitrusybrought thither by the Torrents from the Ceraunian Mountains, and there dried by the Sun into huge heaps.

It fm ells like Bitumen mixt with Pitch. The People thereabouts fall ir mineral Wax. In Latin, or rather Greek, it is call'd PiJJafpbaltits. See Pissasphaltus.

Menage, after Bocbart, derives the Word Mummy from the Arabic Muniia j of Mum, Wax. Salmajius from Amomo, a kind of Perfume. SeeAMOMUM.

Tho others hold, that in the Arabic Tongue, the Word Mumia fignifiesa Body Embalmed, or Aromatized.

Mummy is alfo ufed by fome Phyficians for I know not what implanted Spirit, found chiefly in Carcaffes, when the infufedSpirit is fled.

The infufed Spirit is fometimes alfo call'd Mummy in living Subjects; and both the one and the other arefup- pofed to ferve in Tranfplantation.

A Plant, for inflance, bringing this Mumia from one Subject to another, the Mumia joins and unites itfelf im- mediately, and clofes with the Mumia or Spirit of the new Subject 5 and from this Union arifes a natural and common Inclination between the two Subjects.

And on this Principle they account for Sympathetic or Magnetic Cures. See Sympathetic, Magnetic, S£c.

Mummy is alfo ufed among Gardeners for a fort of Wax. ufed in the Planting and Grafting of Trees. See Graf- FiNGWax.

Agricola directs the Preparation thereof as follows: Take one Pound of common black Pitch, and a quarter of a Pound of common Turpentines put 'em together in an Earthen- Pot, and fet 'em on the fire in the open Air, having fomething in your Hand to cover and quench it in time ; the Matter to be thus alternately lighted and quench 'd till all the nitrous and volatile Parts be evaporated. To this a little common Wax to be added 5 and the Compofition to be fet by for ufe.

To apply it in the drefllng of the Roots of Trees, melt it, and dip in the two ends of the Pieces of Root one after another 5 then put 'em in Water, and plant 'em in the Earth, the fmall end downward, fo that the larger may appear a little way out of the Earth, and fo have the bene- fit of the Air 5 then prefs the Earth hard down upon 'em that they may not receive too much wet. See Planting.

MUNDICK, a Marchafite, or Mineral Glebe, found in the Tin Mines, fometimes white, fometimes yellow, and at other times green. See Marchasite.

It is frequently call'd Maxy ; and appears to be nothing elfe but a kind of Sulphur; Fire alone being found to fe- parate it from the Tin, in which cafe it evaporates into Smoke. See Tin.

The MimdicJi Ore is eafily diflinguifli'd by its brown, fad-colour'd Glittering, and by its difcolouring the Fin- gers. Some fay it feeds the Tin, and yet allow that where there is much Mundick, there is little or no Tin.

MUNDIFICATIVES, in Medicine, Cleanfers; Medi- cines, or Unguents, that deterge, and dry, and thus clean! e- Ulcers of two kinds of Matter, -viz. Pus and Sanies. See Ulcer.

The chief Ingredients in thefe Unguents, are Gentian, Ariflolochia, Enula Campana, and Vulnerary Herbs. See Detergent.

MUNDUS, World. See World.

MUNICIPAL, a Term in the Roman Law, signifying the having the Rights and Privileges of Roman Citizens.

This Title the Romans frequently beftow'd on foreign

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MUN

Cities and People j and in effect, it was little more than a lule.

Municipal Cities} Municipia, according toMariana. came fomewhat fhort of the Privileges of the Colonies, bee Colonies,

They had no Suffrages or Votes at Rome. They were lett to ne govern d by their own Laws and Magiltrates. _ Tis true, fome few Municipal Cities, by particular Me- rit, &c. obram'd the Liberty of Votes* which occafion'd that receiv d Diflmaion ot" Muhmpmm fine Su-ffrario £S? Manicipittm cum Sufragio. ".

They were fo call'd, becaufe Muneris hujus honorarii par- trapes j but by Munus honorarium, was meant no more than the bare Appellation of a Roman, whereby they were pri- vileged to fight in a Legion, as Denizens 5 and not in aux- iliary Blinds, as Affociates. See Citizen.

The firlt who had the Honour, were the Cerites.

Municipal, among us; is now underflood of the Cullo- mary Laws that obtain in any particular City, or Province 5 and which have no Authority in the neighbouring Places. See Custom,

Municipal Officers, are thofe elefted to defend the Interests of Cities, their Rights and Privileges, and to main- tain Order and Policy $ as Mayors, Sheriffs, Confuls, Bai- liffs, $5c. See Office.

In Spain, the Municipal Offices are bought. In England, they come by Election.

MUNIMENTS, or Miniments, the Evidences or Wrirings, whereby a Man is enabled to defend the Title of his Eitate. See Muniment-Hok/<?.

V/angford fays, the word Muniment includes all manner of Evidence.

Mt)N[MENT-Ww/e, a little, flrong Apartment in Cathe- dral and Collegiate Churches, CatUes, Colleges, or the like, deiiined for keeping the Seal, Evidences, Charters, &c of fuch Church, College, &c. call'd Muniments, or Mini"ients.

The Word is form 'd of the Latin Munio, I defend.

MUNIMINA, the Grants, or Charters of Kings and Princes to Churches; fo call'd, becaufe cum eis muniantur againft all thofe who would deprive them of thofe Pri- vileges.

MUNIONS, in Architecture, are the fhort upright Pofts or Bars that divide the feveral Lights in a Window-Frame. See Window.

MUNITION, or Ammunition, the Provifions where- with any Place is furnimed in order for defence 5 or where- with a Veffel is flock'd fora Voyage : or that follow a Camp for its Subfiftence. See Ammunition.

MuNiTiON-Brearf is the proportion of Bread diflributed every day to the Soldiers of a Garrifon or Army. Each, Officer is allow'd fo many Rations of Munition-Bread. See Ration.

MUPHTI, or Mufti, the Chief, or Patriarch of the Mahometan Religion, refiding at Constantinople. See Ma- hometans.

The Mufhti is the fovereign Interpreter of the Alcoran, and decides all Queflionsof the Law. Sec Alcoran, £->c.

He takes place of the Bamaws 5 and his Authority is often terrible to the Grand Signior himfelf. "Tis he girds on the Sword to the Grand Signior's fide 5 which Ceremony anfwers to the Coronation of our Kings.

MURAGE, Muragium, in our Cuiloms, a reafonable Toll to be taken of every Cart or Horfe coming laden into a City or Town for the Building or Repairing the Walls thereof.

MURAL, fomething belonging to a JVallj which the Latins call Mums, See Wall,

Mural Crown, among the antient Romans, was a kind of Crown indented atop, like the Battlements of a Wall. See Crown.

The Mural-Crown was the Reward of thofe who firft mounted the Walls of the Enemy ; whence it was alfo call'd Corona objidionalis.

Mural Arch is a Wall, or walled Arch placed exactly in the Plane of the Meridian, i. e. upon the Meridian-Line j for the fixing of a large Quadrant, Sextant, or other Inltru- ment, to obferve the Meridian Altitudes, &c. of the hea- venly Bodies. See MERiriAN-i-iweand Meridi AN-A'ti:ude e

Tycho de Brahc. was the firlt who ufed a Mural-Arch in his Obfervations ; after him Mr. Tlamfiead, de la Hire, ike. ufed the fame means. See Observations.

MURENGERS, two Officers of great Antiquity in the City of Chejh.r, being two of the Principal Aldermen chofe yearly to fee the Walls kept in good Repair, and to receive certain Toll and Cuflom for the Maintenance thereof.

MURING, the Walling, orraifing the Walls of a Buil- ding. See Wall and Walling.

MURRAIN, Gargle, a Mortality, or contagious Difeafe among Beafts. See Mortality.

Murrains are occafion'd various ways, but principally by a hot, dry Seafon j or rather by a general Putrefa&ion of

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