Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/245

 MUL

MULE, in Natural Hiftory, a Beaft generated between an Afs and a Mare ; or between a Horfe and aShe-Afs.

Mules are a fort of Montlers ; and, therefore, don't pro- pagate their kind. See Monster.

And yet the Antients mention a fort of Mules that were prolific, in Fbrygia, Syria, Capfadocia, and Africa. Witnefs Ariflotle, Hift. Animal. L.Vl. c. 3*. Varro deRe Rufiica, Lib. II. c. 1. Columella, L. VII. 36". TbeofbraJIm, and, after him, Tim}, L. VIII. c. 44. Stem, examining the Tefticles of a Mule, found Eggs therein, with a fort of Placenta about 'em ; which perfuaded him that Mules might engender without any Miracle.

The Roman Ladies had Equipages drawn by Mules ; as appears from the Medals of Julia and Agriffma. And at this day, in Spain the Coaches of the Nobility, and even Princes, are ufually drawn by no other than Mules. We are affured that M. Tbuanus, firit Frefident of Parliament, had the fourth Coach in Frame, in 1585 ; till which time every body rid to Court, Parliament, i$c. on Mules. See Coach. Mules, among Gardeners,' a fort of vegetable Mon- flers produced by putting the Farina faciad.ms of one Spe- cies of Plant into the Fijtil or Utricle of another. See G E- neration of Tlants.

The Carnation and Sweet-William being fomewhat alike in their Parts, particularly their Flowers ; the Forianof the one will impregnate the other ; and the Seed Co enliven'd will produce a Plant differing from either. An Inllance ot this we have in Mr. Fairebild's Garden at Hoxtoii ; where a Plant isfeen neither Sweet- William, nor Carnarion, but re- fembling both equally ; which was raifed from the Seed of a Carnation thathad been impregnated by the Farina of the Sweet-William. Thefe Couplings being not unlike thofe of the Mare with the Afs, which produce the Mule ; the fame Name is given 'em ; and they are like the others, un- able to multiply their Species.

This gives us a hint for altering the Property and Talle of any Fruit, by imptegnating one Tree with the Farina of another of the fame Clafs ; c.gr. a Codling with a Pearmain, which will occafion the Codling fo impregnated to latl a longer time than ufual, and beof a /harper Tafie. Or if the Winter- Fruits be fecundated with the Dull of the Summer-Seeds, they will decay before their ufual time. And from this accidental Coupling of the Farina of one with the other, it is that in an Orchard where there is va- riety of Apples, even the Fruit gather'd from the fame Tree differ in rheir Flavour, and in the Seafon of Ma- turity. 'Tis from the fame accidental Coupling that pro- ceeds the numberlefs Varieties of Fruits and Flowers rais'd every Day from Seed. See FARiNAand Seed.

MULIEBR1A, a Term fometimes ufed to fignify the Privities of Women ; or fo much as is otherwife call'd, C««- 7ms. See Pudendum, Cunnvs, &.

MULIER, a Term in Law, feeming to be a corruption of the Latin Melior, or the French Afe'Benr ,better; and figni- fying the lawful Iffue born in Wedlock.

7 ho according to Glanvile, the lawful Iffue is rather call'd Muiier than Mel'm, becaufe begotten on Mulieres, and not of Concubine: For he calls fuch Iffue filiosMulieratos ; oppofing them to Baftards.

Agreeable to which, Breton has frere Muiier, i. e. the Bro- ther begotten of the Wife; inoppolition to frere Baftatd.

The like feems to obtain in Scotland. For Skene fays, that Muiier atus flius is a lawful Son begot of a lawful Wife. If a Man have a Son by a Woman before Marriage, which is a Ballard and Illegitimate; and he after marries the Mother of the Ballard, and they have another Son ; this fecond Son is call'd Muiier, and is lawful, and lhall be Heir to his Father. We fometimes alfo find 'em with thefe Additions, Bajlard ci^r.e, and Muiier fuifne.

Mulier was alfo antiently ufed as an Addition, fome fay for a Wife ; others for a Woman born in lawful Wed- lock. The former fenfe is confirmed by Sir Edward Coke, who fays, that antiently Muber was taken for a Wife, and fometimes for a Widow. Inft. fo/. 434.

MULLET, in Heraldry, a Star of five Points; as in the Figure adjoining.

The Mullet is ufually the diffe- rence, or dittinguifhing Mark for the fourth Son, or third Brother, or Houfe. See Difference.

Tho it is often alfo borne as Coat- Armour : As here ;

Ruby on a Chief Pearl, two Mullets Diamond ; being the Coat of the famous Lord Verulam, firft Sir Francis Bacon.

TheHeraldshold that theiW«flet reprefents a falling Star ; others, with more probability, take it for the Rowel of a Spur, call'd by

( ^06 ) MUL

Whence fome Authors will have it

• •

ne trench Molette pierced.

When it has fix Points, it is not call'd a Mullet, but » Star. See Star.

MULLET, or Molette, a Stone flat and even at bottom, but round a-top ; uied for Grinding of Matters on a Marble. The Apothecaries ufe Mullets ro prepare many of their Ingredients ; Painters for their Colours, either dry or in Oil. Mullet is alfo an Inllrument ufed by the Glafs- Grinders ; being a Piece of Wood, to one end whereof is cemented the Glafs to be ground, whether Convex in a Bafon, or Concave in a Sphere or Bowl. The Mullet is ordinarily about fix Inches long, mrn'd round ; the Cement they ufe iscompofed of Afhesand Pitch.

MULSUM, or Mulse, is a Liquor made with Honey and Water. See Hydromel.

MULTA, or Multura Epifcopi, a Fine, or final Sa- tisfaction antiently given the King by the Bifhops, that they might have Power to make their lad Wills ; and that they might have the Probate of other Mens, and the gran- ting of Administrations.

MULTANGULAR, any Figute, or Body which hath many Angles, or pointed Corners. St Angle.

MULTILATERAL, in Geometry, is apply 'd to thofe Figures that have more than four Sides or Angles.

MULTINOMIAL Roots in Mathematics, are fuch asare compofed of many Names, Parts, or Membets, aso-f-1 -f- c -f- d, iic. See Root.

For the Method of railing an infinite Multinomial to any given Power, or of extracting any given Root out of fuch a Power ; fee a Method of M. de Moivre in Pbilof. TranfaB. MULTIPLE, Multiplex, in Arithmetic, a Number which comprehends fome other Number feveral times. See Number.

Thus 6 is a Multiple of 2 ; or, which is the fame, a is a quota parr of 6 ; 2 being contained in 6 three times. And thus t2 is ^Multiple of (J, 4, 3 ; and comprehends the iff twice, the ad thrice, the 3d four times, Cifc

Multiple Ratio, or Proportion, is that which is be- tween fuch Numbers.

If the leffer Term of a Ratio be an Aliquot Part of the greater ; the Ratio of the greater to the lefs is call'd Mul- tiple : And that of the lefs to the greater Sub-multiple. See Ratio.

A Sub-multiple Number is that contained in the Multiple. Thus the Number 1, 2, and 3 are Sub-multiples of 6 and 0.

Duple, Triple, illc. Ratios ; as alfo Sub-duples, Sub- triples, &c are fo many Species of Multiple vxtA Sub-multiple Ratios. See Duple, Triple, ££c.

MULTIPLICAND, in Arithmetic, is one of the Factors in the Rule of Multiplication ; being that Number given to be multiplied by another call'd the Multiplicator, or Multiplier. See Multiplicator.

MULTIPLICATOR, in Arithmetic, a Number multi- plied by another call'd the Multiplicand. See Multi- plicand.

The largell Number is ordinarily made the Multipli- cand, and placed above the fmaller, or Multiplicator ; but the refult is the fame which foever of the Numbers be made Multiplicand or Multiplicator ; 4 times 5, and 5 times 4 making the fame Sum. See Multiplication.

MULTIPLICATION, the Ac! of Multiplying or Increa- fing the Number of any thing. See Multiplying.

Thus we fay the Multiplication of the Loaves in the Wil- dernefs.

The Romanijis hold a real Multiplication of the Body of Jefus Chritl in the Eucharill ; fo that every Communi- cant has a whole Body, &c.

It is ordained and etlablifhed, that none from hence- forth fhall ufe to multiply Gold or Silver, nor ufe the Craft of Multiplication ; and if any the fame do, he fhall incur the Pain of -Felony. Stat. 5 Hen. 4.

This Statute was made on Prefumption that fome Per- fons skilful in Chymiftry, could multiply or augment thofe Metals by Elixirs, or other Ingredients ; and change other Metals into very Gold and Silver. Finder Henry VI. Letters Patent were granted to certain Perfons (who undertook to perform the fame, and to find the Philofopher's Stone) to free them from the Penalty in thefaid Statute.

MULTIPLICATION, in Arithmetic, the Afl or Art of multiplying one Number by another, to find the Product. See Product.

Multiplication, the third Rule in Arithmetic, confifts in the finding of fome third Number, out of two others given ; wherein, one of the given Numbers is contained as often as Unity is in the other.

Or Multiplication is the finding what will be the Sum of any Number added to itfelf, or repeated as often as there are Units in another : So that Multiplication of ~Numbeti> is a compendious kind of Addition. See Addition.

Thus