Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/242

 MOU

( m )

MOU

The Founders of large Works, as Statues, Bells, Guns, and other brazen Works, have Moulds of Wax, fupported within iide by what they call a Core, and cover'd without fide with a Cap oc Cafe. 'Tis in the Space which the Wax took up, which is now melted to leave it free, that 'the liquid Metal runs, and the Work isform'd ; being carried thither thro' a great Number of little Canals which cover the whole Mould. See Foundery.

The Moulds vfCohters are Frames full of Sand, wherein the Plates of Metal are call: that are to ferve for the linking of Species of Goldor Silver. See Coinage.

Moulds of Founders tf fmaB Works are like the Frames of Coiners. 'Tisin thele Frames, which are likewife- fiil'd with Sand, that their feveral Works are faihion'dj into which, when the two Frames whereof the Mould is com- pofed, are rejoin'd, the melted Brafs is run. See Foun-

BERY.

Moulds of Letter-Founders are partly of Steel, and partly Wood: The Wood, properly fpeaking, ferves only to cover the real Mould which is within, and to prevent the Workman who holds it in his Hand, from being incommo- ded by the impreflion of the Heat of the melted Metal. Only one Letter or Type can be form'd at once in each $[ould. See Letter Foundery.

Moulds in the ManufaBure of Paper, are little Tables com pofed of feveral Brafs or Iron Wires tied to each other by another Wire fiill finer. Each Mould is of the bignefs of the Sheet of Paper to be made, and has a Rim or Ledge of Wood to which the Wires are faften'd. Thzfc Moulds are moreufually call'd Forms. See Paper.

The Furnalifts, Furnace, and Crucible Makers alfo make ufe of Moulds for apart of their Works, efpecially Crucibles. They are made of Wood, of the fame form with the Cru- cibles 5 that is in Form of a truncated Cone. They have Handles of Wood to hold, and turn 'em with, when being cover'd with the Earth, the Workman has a mind to round or flatten his Veffel. See Furnalists.

Moulds for Leaden Bullets, are little Iron Pinchers, each of whofe Branches terminates in a Hemifpherical Con- cave, which when (hut, form an entire Sphere. In the Lips or Sides where the Branches meet, is a little Jet or Hole, thro' which the melted Lead is convey'd.

The Glafiers have two kinds of Moulds, both ferving to caft their Lead, In the one they call: the Lead into long Rods or Canes fit to be drawn thro' the Vice, and the Grooves formed therein. This they fomc times call Ingot- Mould.

In the other they Mould thofe little Pieces of Lead a Line thick, and two Lines broad, faflen'd to the Iron-Bars. Thefe may be alfo caft in the Vice 5 which fee* fee alfo Glasiery.

The Goldfmiths ufe the Bones of the Cuttle- Fifh to make Moulds for their fmall Works ; which they do by preffing the Pattern between two Bones, and leaving a Jet or Hole to convey their Silver thro' after the Pattern has been taken out.

Mould, among Mafons, a Piece of hard Wood or Iron, hollowed within fide, anfwerable to the Contours of the Mouldings or Comi/hes, &c. to be form'd. This is otherwife call'd Calliber.

Moulds among Plumbers, the Tables whereon they caft their Sheets of Lead. Thefe they fometimes call (imply Ttthles. Befides thefe, they have other real Moulds wherewith they caft Pipes without Soldering. See both the one and the other under Plumbery.

Moulds among Glafs-Grinders, are Wooden-Frames whereon they make theTubes wherewith they fit their Per* (pectives, Telefcopes, and other Optic Machines. Thefe Moulds are Cylinders, of a Length and Diameter according to the Ufe they are to be apply'd to, but always thicker at one end than the other, to facilitate the Aiding. The Tubes made on thefe Moulds are of two kinds ; the one fimply Pafte-Board and Paper 5 the other of thin Leaves of Wood join'd to the Pafte-Board, To make of thefe Tubes to draw out, only the laft or innermoft is form'd on the Mould > each Tube made afterwards ferving as a Mould to that which is to go over it j but without taking out the Mould from the firit. See Tube.

Moulds ufed in Basket-Making are very fimple, con- fifting ordinarily ofa Willow or Ofier turn'd or bent into an Oval, Circle, Square, or other Figure, according to the Baskets, Panniers, Hampers, Hots, and other Utenfils intended. On thefe Moulds they make, or more pro- perly meafure all their work ; and accordingly have 'em of all Sizes, Shapes, £?c.

Moulds among Tallow-Chandlers are of two kinds: The firft for the common dipp'd Candles, being the Veffel wherein themelted Tallow is difpofed, and the Wick dipp'd. This is of Wood ofa triangular Form, and fupported on one of its Angles, fo that it has an opening of near a Foot a-top. The other ufed in the Fabric of Mould Candles, is of Brafs, Pewter, or Tin : Here each Candle has its feveral Mould, See each under Candle.

Mould among Gold-Beaten, a certain Number of Leaves or Velom, or pieces of Guts, cut fquare, of a certain fize, and laid over one another, between which they pur the Leaves of Gold and Silver which they belt on the Marble with the Hammer. They have four kinds of Moulds 5 two whereof are of Velom, and two of Gut. IThe imalielt of thofe of Velom confilts of forty or fifty Leaves, the larger* contains an hundred. For the others each contains five hundred Leaves.

^ The Moulds have all their feveral Cafes, comlftincof two pieces of Parchment, lerving to keep the Leaves of the Mould in their Place, and prevent their being diforder'd with beating. See GovS-Betttingi

Mould Candles^ fee MW^Candle.

Mould, in Agriculture, &c. a kind of Soil ; call'd alfo Loam and natural Earth. See Soil and Loam.

The belt Mouldfor the Gardeners Purpofes, according to Mr. Evelyn, is that of a blackifh grey Colour j accor^ ding to Mr.Switzer, that ofa lively Chefnut, or Hazle Co- lour, which cuts like Butter, and does nut {tick obftinately, but is fhon, tolerably light, breaking into fmall Clods, may be temper'd without crafting or chapping in dry Wea- ther,- or turning to Mortar in wet.

Next to Chefnut, arerhe dark Greys, and Ruflet. The light and dark Afh-Colours arc naught, being thofe com- monly found on heathy Ground. The yellowifli red is worit of all.

MOULDINESS, a Term apply'd to folid Things that corrupt in the Air, from fume hidden Principle of ^Humi- dity therein } and whofe Corruption ftiews iticlf by a certain white Down, or Beard on their Surface.

This Mouldmefs, when view'd wirh a Microfcope, affords a curious Spectacle ; beinga kind of Meadow out of which arife Herbs and Flowers, Some only in the bud, others full blown, and others decay'd ; each having its little Root, Stalk, and other Parts : The Figure whereof may befeen in Hoofcs Microgrtiphi'a, The fame thing may be obferv'd of the Mouldinefs that gathers on the Surface of liquid Bo- dies.

Mr. Bradley obferv'd this Mouldinefs in a Melon very ac- curately ; and found the Vegetation of thefe little Plants exceedingly quick. Each Plant had its Seeds in great A- bundance, which did not fcem to be three Hours e'er they began to /hoot up, and in fix Hours more the Plant was compleatand mature, and the Seed ready to fall. When the Fruit had been cover'd with a Mould for fix Days, its vegetative Quality began to abate, and was intirely gone in two Days more 5 then came on a Putrefaction, and the fte/hy Parts of the Melon yielded nothing elfe but a tank- ing Water, which began to have a gentle Motion in its Sur- face, and in two days tim^r Maggots appear'd, which in fij; more laid themlelves up in their Bags, where they conti- nu'd four days; and then came out Flie.=.

MOULDING, any thing caft in a Mould, or that feetns to have been fo 5 tho' in reality it were cut with theChiffel, or the Ax«

MOULDINGS, or Ornaments, in Architecture, are Pro- jectures beyond the Naked of a Wall, Column, Wainfcor, £5c. the Affemblage whereof forms (jtmijbes, Voor-Cajes, and other Pieces of Architecture. See Orn am ent.

Some Mouldings are crowned with a Fillet j others are without, as the Doucine, Talon, Ovolo, Torus, Scotia, Aftragal, Gula, Corona, &c. See each under its proper Article.

Again, fome are adorned with Sculpture, either hol- low' d, or in Relievo.

Mouldings are in Architecture what Letters are in Wri- ting. By the various Dilpofitionsand Combinatory of Mould' ings, may be made an infinite Number of different Pro- files for all forts of Orders and Compofitions, Regular and Irregular i and yet all the kinds of Mouldings may be re- duced to three, -viz. Square 5 Round 5 and Mixed, i. e. com- pofed of the other two.

For this Reafon, thofe who invented the Gothic Archi- tecture, revolving to recede from thefe perfect Figures, and affecting to ufe others lefs perfect, to diftingui/h their Ar- chitecture from the Antique, introduced a new Set of whimfi- cal Mouldings and Ornaments. See GoTnic,GROTEsQ.UE,£Sjc.

Regular Mouldings are either large, as Dottcmes, Ovolos, GulaSj Talons, Torm\ Scotias, &c. or fmall, as Fillets, Afira- gals, Cojiges, &c. which fee in their places, Doucine, Ovolo, Astragal, Fillets, S£c.

MOULINET is a French Term properly fignifying a little Mill ; being a diminutive of Moulin, Mill.

It is ufed in Mechanics to fignify a Roller, which being croffed with two Levers, is ufually apply'd to Cranes, Cap- ftans, and other forts of Engines of the like nature, to draw Cords, and heave up Stones, Timber, ££c. See Cap- stan, f3c

Moulinet is alfo a kind of Turn-Stile, or Wooden-

Crofs, which turns horizontally upon a Stake fixed in the

Ground ; ufually placed in the Paffages to keep out

7 M Horfes,