Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/24

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in order to accomplifli the Work of our Salvation. The Indians own a kind of Trinity in the Godhead, and fay, that the fecond Perfon thereof, has been incarnate nine times, and will be incarnate a tenth, and give him a dif- ferent Name in each of thefc Incarnations. See Kercher. China lllujt. The jEra ufed among Chriftians, whence they number their Years, is the time of the Incarna- tion. This J£ra was firft eitabliihed by Dionyfius Exiguus about the beginning of the <Jth Century, till which time the ^ra of Dioclejitm had been in ufe. Some time af- ter this, it was confidered, that the Years of a Man's Life were not numbered from the time of his Concep- tion, (as was done in that Mra) but from that of his Birth: which occafioned therh to poftpone the begin- ning of this JEra, for the fpace of one Year, retaining the Cycle of Dionyfius entire, in every thing elfe. At Rtme they reckon their Years from the Incarnation, or from the Birth of Chritt, that is, from the z 5 th of December, which Cullom has obtained from the Year 1431. In France, £«g/a«rf,and feveral other Countries, they alfo reckon from the Incarnation ; but then they differ from the others in the Day of the Incarnation, fixing it not to the Day of the Birth, but to the Conception of our Saviour. However, the Florentines ftick to the Day of the Birch, and begin their Year from Cbrilimas, See Fetav. de DoB. Temp. Gran- {{amicus de Vie Nat.

INCARNATION fignifies the healing and filling up Ulcers and Wounds with new Flefh ; and the Medicines which effecl this, are commonly called In car natives, from in and caro, Flejb.

INCARNATIVE,_ in Chirurgery, is fomething that makes Flefh grow, rejoin, or unite, and is applied to Re- medies, Bandages, and Sutures. An incamattve Remedy is fuch a one as makes the Flefh heal and unite ; an m- camative Bandage, is a Filler, with an Eye or Noofe at one end of it, fo as the other end may be put thro' it. To make ufe of this Bandage, they apply the middle of it to the Side oppofite to the Wound, fo that the Aper- ture may be over the Wound itfelf; and Hipping the other end thro' it, draw the Lins of the Wound clofe to each other, that they may grow together. An incarna- the Suture, is fuch a one as, by rejoining the Lips of a "Wound, and keeping them together, by means of aThread drawn thro' them with a Needle, occafions them to grow up and heal.

INCARTATION, in Chym'iftry, is a Purification of Gold, by means of Silver and Aqux-Fortis.

INCENSE, an aromatic, odoriferous Refin. It diftils from a Tree, that, according to Theophrafhis, has Leaves like thofe of a Pear-Tree, and grows in the Country of Saba, in Arabia Felix, called by the Antients Thunfera, Incenfe-beaiing. The Incifionfur the Refin to ooze out at, is made in the Dog-Days. The Male Incenfe is the beft ; it is in round, in white drops, fat wi hin, and inflames immediately, when laid on the Fire. This is alfo called Olibanum. The Female Tncenfe is foftcr, and more refinous, but of lefs Virtue than the former. Incenfe is of conside- rable Ufe in Phyfic, it warms, dries, and binds. It is ufed in feveral Difeafes of the Head and Breaft, in cafe of Vomiting, a Diarrhea, or a Dyfentery j externally it is ufed to fortify the Brain, and in healing of Wounds.

Bark of Incenfe, is the Bark of the Tree whence the Incenfe flows, which has the fame Qualities with the Incenfe itfelf. There is another Bark brought from the Indies, called alfo Bark of Incenfe, and fomct'imcs Jews Incenfe, in regard the Jews make frequent Ufe thereof in their Perfumes.

Manna of Incenfe, is the Flower or Farina of In- cenfe, occasioned by the Friction of the Grains againft each other in the Sacks wherein they carry it. There is alfo a Soot of Incenfe, which is a Preparation of it.

Incenfe was formerly burnt in rhe Temples of all Religions, to do honour to the Divinities that were there adored. Many of the Primitive Chrifiians were put to death, becaufe they would not offer Incenfe to Idols. In the Romijh Church they ftill retain the Ufe of Incenfe in many of their Ceremonies, particularly at fo- lemn Funerals, heftowing it on fuch Perfonsas they would honour, as on Prelates, &c. and fometimes alfo on the People. The word comes from the Latin, ince?ifum, burnt; taking the Effecl, for the Thing itfelf.

INCEPTIVE, a Word ufed to exprefs fuch Mo- ments, or firft Principles, which tho 1 of no Magnitude themfelves, are yet capable of producing fuch. Thus a Point hath no Magnitude itfelf, but is inceptive of a Line which it produceth by its Motion. A Line, confidered one way, has no Magnitude as to Breadth, but is ca- pable, by its Motion, of producing a Surface which hath Breadth, i$c.

INCEST, a Crime committed by Perfons having to do with each other, who are related in a Degree prohi- bited by the Laws of the Country, Some are of opi-

nion that Marriage ought to be permitted between Kinf- folks, to the end that the Affecf ion, f neceffary in Mar- riage, might be heightened by this double Tye; and yet the Rules of the Church have formerly extended this Prohibition even to the feventh Degree, but time has brought it down to the third or fourth Degree. Tho words Adultery and Inceft are not infamous and indecent, tho' they fignify very infamous things; becaufe they rc- prefent them as covered with a Veil of Horror, which makes us look on them only as Crimes : the words, therefore, rather fignify rhe Crime of thofe Actions, than the Actions themfelves. Moft Nations look on Incsfi with. Horror, Ferfia alone excepted, hi the Hiftory of the an- tient Kings of that Country, we meet with Inftances of the Brother's marrying the Sifter : the Reafon was, be- caufe they thought it too mean to join in Alliance with their own Subjects, and ftill more fo, to have married in- to the Families of any foreign Princes.

INCEST, SPIRITUAL, is a Crime committed, in like manner, between Perfons who have a fpiritual Al- liance, by means of Baptifm or Confirmation. Spiritual iHce/Hsalfo underftoodof a Vicar, or other Beneficiary, who enjoys both the Mother and the Daughter ; that is, holds two Benefices, the one whereof depends on the Col- lation of the other. Such a Spiritual Inceji renders both the one and the other of thofe Benefices vacant.

INCESTUOUS, the Name of a Sea that arofe in /- taly about the Year 1065. It had its Beginning at Raven- fia-j the Learned of which Place being confufted by the Florentines about the Degrees of Affinity which prohibit Marriage, made anfwer, that the feventh Generation, mentioned in the Canons, was to be taken on both fides together; fo that four Generations were to be reckon'd on one fide, and three on the other. They proved this their Opinion by a Paffage in Jujiinian's Inftitutes, where 'tis faid, That a Man may marry his Brother's or Siller's Grandaughter, though flie be but in the fourth Degree : Whence they concluded, that if my Brother's Grand- child be in the fourth Degree with refpect to me, me is in the fifth with refpeiF to my Son, in the fixth with re- Jpe£t to my Grandfon, and in the feventh with refpe£t to my great Grandfon. Feter Damian wrote againit this O- pinion, and Pope AlexanderW. condemn'd it in a Council held at Rome.

INCH, is a known Meafure, the twelfth Part of a Foot, containing the Space of three Barley Corns in length.

Goods are faid to be fold by Inch of Candle, when a Merchant, or Company of Merchants, as the Eaji-India Company, c^c. having a Cargo of Foreign Goods arrived, are inclined to make a fpeedy Sale of them ; in which cafe, notice is ufually given upon the Exchange by Writing, and eliewhere, when the Sale is to begin: againit which time the Goods are divided into feveral Parcels, called Lots, and Papers printed of the Quantity of each, and of the Conditions of Sale, as that none mall bid lefs than a certain Sum more than another has bid before. During the time of Bidding, a fmall Piece of about an Inch of Wax-Candle is burning, and the laft Bidder, when the Candle goes out, has the Lot or Parcel expofed to Sale.

INCHOATIVE, a Term fignifying the Beginning of a Thing or Action. Inchoative Verbs, according to the itrict Rules of the Latin Tongue, are ufed by the belt Au- thors indifferently with Primitives, having al moll: all the Tenfes in common with them ; nay, ordinarily they ex- prefs our Sentiments with more Violence, and the Actions themfelves in a more perfeel State.

INCIDE. Thofe Medicines are faid to incide, which coniilt of pointed and fharp Particles, as Acids, and moft Salts ; by the Force or Insinuation of which, the Particles of other Bodies are divided from one another, which be- fore cohered. And thus fome expectorating Medicines are faid to incide, or cut the Phlegm, when they break, it fo as to occafion its Difcharge.

INCIDENCE, exprcfles the Direction with which one Body itrikes upon another, and the Angle made by that Line, and the Plane ftruck upon, is called the Angle of Incidence. In the Occurfions of two moving Bodies, their Incidence is faid to be perpendicular or oblique, as their Directions or Lines of Motion, make a ftrait Line, or an oblique Angle at the Point of Contact. Befides what is faid under Angle of Incidence, (which fee) Sir ifaac Newton faith in his Opticks, That the Sine of Incidence is either accurately, or very nearly in a given Ratio to the Sine of Refraction : (And the Angles of Incidence, 'Reflexion, and Refraclion, are all in one and the fame Plane.) Wherefore if that Proportion be known in any one Inclina- tion of the incident Ray, it is known in all ; and thereby the Refract ion in all Cafes of Incidence on the fame Re- fracting Body, may be determined. Thus if the Refrac- tion be made out of Air into Water, the Sine of Incidence of the Red Light, is to the Sine of Rcfraclioo, as 4. to 3. If out of Air into Glafs, the Sines are as 17 to 1 r. In

Light