Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/232

 MOR

( m )

MOR

which the Experiment was made, is to the Sine of double the Angle propofed, fo is the Range known to the Range required*

£>uppofe,for inftance, 'tis found that the Range of a Piece elevated [o 30 Degrees is 2000 "Yards ; to find the Range of the fame Piece with the fame Charge when elevated to 45 Degrees : Take the Sine of 6o Q t the double of 30*, and make it the fifft Term of the Rule of Three -, the fecond Term muft be the Sine of 90°, the double of 45 Q j and the third the given Range 2000 : The fourth Term will be 23x0, the Range of the Piece at 45^. If the Elevation be greater than 45, initead of doubling it, take the Sine of double its Complement to 90 . As fuppofe the Eleva- tion of a Piece be 50°. take the Sine of 8o°, the double of40°.

Again, if a determinate Diftance to which a Shot is to be call, be given, and the Angle of Elevation to produce that Effect be required ; the Range known muft be the firft Term in the Rule of Three, which fuppofe 2000 Yards 5 The Range propofed, which we fuppofe iico Yards, the fecond Term ; and the Sine of 60 double of the Eleva- tion for the Range of 2000 Yards, the third Term. The fourth Term will be found the Sine of45°, 52', whofe half 2i°, 5^', is the Angle of Elevation the Piece muft have, to produce the defired Eft' ct. And if 21, 5$' be taken from 90 , you will have 68 c , 4' for the other Ele- vation of the Piece, with which the fame Effect will like- wife be produced.

For the greater Eafe, and to avoid the trouble of finding Sines of double the Angles of propofed Elevations, GahUo and TorricelU give us the following Table, wherein the Sines of the Angles fought are had by infpectie-n.

J TAB LE of Sines for the Ranges o/ 7 Mortars.

Degree;

90 %9 38 S7 8(5

85

81

80 19

78 77 16 75 74 73 7- 7i 70 69 6$ 61

Degree?.

Ranges.

degrees.

Degrees.

1

349

66

24

2

fi 5 H

«5

25

3

1045

tf 4

16

4

is.92

61

27

5

17 3<

61

28

6

270s

61

29

7

2419

(So

30

8


 * 55«

59

31

9

3090

5?

32

10

3420

57

33

11

374*

5«

34

12

40S7

55

35

13

4384

54

?«

14

4*9 5

5 3

37

15

5000

y-

38

l6

5299

5«

39

17

559*

50

40

l8

5870

49

41

IS

tfl 57

48

42

20


 * 4i8

47

43

21

<J<Jyi

4 <J

44

22

«947

45

45

»3

7'93

Ranges. o 7431 •j66o 7S80 8090 8290 8480 $660 8829 8988 9^hS 9272 9397 9511 9615 9703 9781 9S4t 9903 9945 9975 9994-

lUOOO

The Ufe of this Table is obvious. Suppofe, for In- ftance, it be known by Experiment that a Mortar elevated J5 Q, charged with three Pounds of Powder, throw a Bomb to the Diftance of 350 Fathom j and it be required, wirh the fame Charge, to throw a Bomb ico Fathom farther : Seek in the Table the Number anfwering to 1 5 Degrees, and you will find it 5000. Then as 350 is to 450, fo is 5000 to a fourth Number, which is (5428. Find this Number, or that ne a reft it, in the Table, and againft it you will find 200, or 70° j the Angles of Elevation.

For the Weight, Dimenfions, &c. of the Bombs, ^c. to be call out of Mortars, and the Lines of the Projection ; fee Bomb, Projectile, t£c.

MORTGAGE, in our Law, is the fame with Hypothe- cs in the Civil Law, viz. an Obligation, whereby Land or Tenement of the Debtor, are pawned or bound over to the Creditor for Money or other Effects borrow'd ; pe- remptorily to be the Creditor's for ever, if the Money be not paid at the Day agreed on.

The Creditor holding fuch Land, on fuch Agreement, is in the mean time call'd Tenant in Mortgage.

Glanvile defines Mortgage, Mortuum Vadium, to be that cujus frit flits vet reditus interim fercefti m nvUo fe acquiptsnt. . Thus 'tis call'd Mortgage, i- e. dead Gage, of Mart, Death, and Gage, Pledge 5 becaufe whatever Profit it yields, yet it redeems not itfelf by yielding fuch Profit, except the whole Sum borrow'd be likewife paid at the Day ; the Mortgager being by Covenant to receive the Profits till default of Payment. Others hold it call'd Mortgage, becaufe if the Money be not paid at the Day, the Land moritttr, dies, to the Debtor, and is forfeited to the Creditor.

He who lays this Pawn or Gage, is call'd the Mortgager and he that takes it the Mortgagee.

This, if it contain exceffive Ufury, is prohibited by A Statute 37 Henry Vlll.

The French iometimes ufe the Word m the fame fenfe In their Language, where it ftands in Co.-tradiitincliun to a fimplc Contract* which does not carry with it the mean Profits, and which they call Vtf-gage, Live pledge.

Asa Mortgage is an Engagement for the Security of the Creditor, all means have been taken to affure him of the Effect j that of the Pawn or Pledge, feems to have beeri the moft anticnt, being in reality the fame thing, all the difference confuts in this, that in a Mortgage the Pawn was put into the hands of the Creditor ; whereas in a fimplc Engagement, the Thing remained in the hands of the Debtor. But it was afterwards found much more commo- dious to engage an Inheritance by a fimple Convention, than by an actual Delivery.

Accordingly, this was praclifed by the Gree&.and from thetri borrow'd by the Romans ; who, the better to prevent Deceits^ fixed up vifible Marks to inform the Public, that the Etiate was engaged by the Proprietor : Tho thefe Marks were found io injurious to the Debtors, that the Ufe of 'em was at length prohibited.

.Tl*e Romans had four Kinds of Mortgages, or Hypothec*. The Conventional, which proceeds from the Will and Con- fent of the Contractors ; the Le;al, which is introduced by the Law, and which is therefore call'd Tacit. The Mort- gage of the Frator. when by the Flight or Refulal (if the Debtor, the Creditor was put in poffeflion of his Effects, And the "judiciary Mortgage, when the Creditor was put iri ppffeffionj in confequence of a Decree or Sentence. The Civil Lawyers diitingmfh twenty-fix different Kinds of Ta- cit Mortgage*!

MORTIFICATION, in Medicine, ige. a Difeafe, where- in, the natural Juices of any part quite lofe iheir proper Motions; and by that means fall into a fermentative one, and corrupt and deftroy the Texture of the Part.

There are two Species, or rather Degrees of Mortifica- tion: The one call'd a Gangrene, which is a Mortification in its firft, or beginning State 1 The other a Sphacelus^ which is a perfect, or finifli'd Mortification. See Gan- grene and Sphacelus.

. MORTMAIN, a Term in Law, fignifying an Aliena- tion of Lands and Tenements c any Guild, Corporation, or Fraternity, and rneir Succeffors 5 as Bi/hops, Parfons, Vi- cars, £*?c. See Alienation.

Such Alienation may not be done without the King's Li- cence, and that of the Lord of the Mannor j or of the King alone, if it be immediately holden of him;

The Prefulents and Governours of the Hofpitals maVj without Licence in Mortmain, purchafe Land, i*>c not ex- ceeding the yearly Value of 3000 I. Stat. 14. Car, 2.

The Word literally denotes Dead-Hand, being a Com- pound of Mart, dead, and Main, Hand*

Thus Hoxtoman de Kerb. Feudal, fays, Manns mdrtua locut'to eft qi«e HJitrfatttr de Us quorum foffeffo, itt ita dicam Immortalis eft, quia nunquam bc

The Reafon of the Name proceeds from this, that the Services and other Profits due for fuch Lands, fhould not, without fuch Licence, come into a dead Hand, (Mainmort,^ i.e. into a Hand as it were dead, that is, fo dedicated to God, or pious Ufes, as to be different from other Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments, and never to revert to the Donor, or any temporal or common Ufe. Hottoman de- fines Mort-main to be the Poffeflion of thofe who are, as it were, immortal, becaufe they never ceafed to have Heirs 5 fo that the Eftate never reverts to its firft Lord. Main^ Hand, being ufed for Poffeflion j and Mort, Deed, by An- tiphrafis, for immortal.

MORTOISE, or Mortise, in Carpentry, ££c. a kind of Joint, wherein a Hole or Incifion, of a certain Depth, is made in the Thicknefs of a Piece of Wood, which is to re- ceive another Piece, call'd a Tenon. See Tenon.

The Word is originally French. Borel derives it from mordere, to bite.

MORTUARY, is a Gift left by a Man at his Death to his Parifh-Church, for a Recompence of his Perfonal Tithes and Offerings, not duly paid in his Life-time. It is not properly and originally due to an Incumbent from any but thofe of his own Parifh ; But, by Cuftom, in fome Places of the Kingdom, it is paid to the Parfons of other Parishes, as the Corps paffes thro them.

MOSAIC, Mosaic Work, or, as fome chufe to call it, Musaic, from the Latin Opus Mvfvwm ; an Affemblage of little Pieces of Glafs, Marble, precious Stones, £?c. of va- rious Colours, cut fquare and cemented on a Ground of Stuc, %£c. imitating the natural Colours and Degradations of Painting. See Paintinc

In"