Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/223

 MON

C tt4 )

MOO

this Principle, the Quantity of a Solar Month will be found They call'd thofe Style, which being round in their Bafe

30 Days, 10 Hours, 29 Minutes, 5 Seconds. ended in a Point at top, which gave occafion to the Inven-

Lunar Months are either Synodical, Periodical, or Ilk- tion of diminiih'd Columns.

minative. The Name Pyramids they gate to thofe which were

Lunar SywAkaiy[o-nyn, call'd alfo, abfolutely, Lunar fquare at the Foot, and terminated in a point at top, in

Month, and Lunation, is the Space of lime between two manner of a Funeral Pile. See Pyramid.

Conjunctions of the Moon with the Sun ; or between two And the Name Obejifc, to thofe whofe Bafes were

New Moons. See Synodical Month and Lunation. more in Length than in Breadth, and which rofe, Still

The Quantity of the Symdical Month is 29 days, 12 h. leffening, to a very great Height, refembling the Figure

44'. 3"> *'"• Set Moon. _ of the Spits or Instruments ufed by the Antients in roaltino

Lunar Periodical Month is the Space of time wherein rhe Flcfh of their Sacrifices, which they call'd Oleics.

the Moon makes her round thro' the Zodiac ; or wherein See Obelisk. She returns to the fame Point. See Periodical.

The Quantity of this Month is 27 days, 7 b.

43-

The Monument, abfolutely fo call'd among us, de. notes a Magnificent Pillar erefled by Order of Parliament.

The anrient Romans made ufe of Lunar Months, and made in Memory of the Burning of the City, Anno 1666, ir 'em alternately of 20 and 30 Days. They mark'd the the very place where the Fire began. Days of each Month by three Terms, m. Calends, Nones, and Ides. See Calends, Nones, &c.

Lunar Illuminative Month, is the Space from the firft time of her Appearance after New Moon, to her firft Ap- pearance after the New Moon following.

Hence, as the Moon appears fometimes fooner after the New Moon, and fometimes later ; the Quantity of the Illuminative Month is not always the fame.

By this Month the Turks and Arabs go.

It is of the Tufcan Order, 202 Foot high from the Ground, and 15 Foot in Diameter, all of folid Portland Stone, with a Stair-Cafe in the Middle of black Marble. ThePedeftal is 21 Foot fquare, and 40 high ; the Front being enrich'd with curious Baffo Relievo's.

MONY. See Money.

MOOD, or _ Mode, in Logic, call'd alfo Syllopftic Mood, is a proper Difpofition of the feveral Propositions of aSyllogifr.i, in refpect of Quantity and Quality. See

Agronomical, or Natural Month, is that meafured by fome Syllogism. exact Interval correfponding to the Motion of theSun, or By proper Difpofition, we mean fuch wherein the Ante- Moon, cedent being 'rue, the Confcquent, in virtue of the Form, Such are the Lunar and Solar Months above-mentioned, cannot be falfe. So that all thofe Moods or Manners of Syllo- Where note, That thefe Months can be of no uie in Civil gifms are at once excluded, where no Conclufion formally

follows ; or where the Antecedent being true, a falfe Con- clufiun may be drawn from it. See Conclusion, £-?c.

There are two kind., of Moods ; the one direct, tthe other indirect : DireB Mood is that wherein the Conclufion is drawn from the Premiffes directly and immediately ; as. Every Animal is a living Thing ; every Man is an Animal ; therefore every Man is a living Thing.

An Indirect Mood, is that wherein the Conclufion is not in- ferr'd immediately from the Premiffes, bur follows from 'em

living

Life ; where it is requir'd that the Months begin and end on fome certain day. For this reafon recourfe is had to another form of Months.

Civil, or (on. mot Month, is an interval of a certain num- ber ot whole Da)t, approaching nearly to the Quantity of fume Astronomical, either Lunar, or Solar Month. See Day.

Thefe Civil Months are various, according to the Astro- nomical Month they are accommodated to.

Civil Lunar Months are to confiil alternately of 29 and by means of a Convcrfion As everv Animal

- TV,.,,. r t U..* .mil ...... r:~,l 7,,t ..,;,. U^ .,~....l * A n~L:_. .._ l,. ., ?

Days. Thus wilt two Civil Months be equal to two A itrcnomical ones, abating for the odd Minutts. And, con- fequcntiy the New Moon will be hereby kept to the firft D..yof each fuch Civil Month for a long time together.

However, to make 'em keep cenftant Pace with the Civil "Months, at the end of each 48 Months, a Month of 29 days moil be added ; or elfe every 50 days.

This was the Month in Civil, or Common Ufe among the Jews, Greeks, and Romans, till the time of Julius Ciefar

Civil Solar Months are ro confift alternately of 30 and 31 Days 5 excepting for one Month of the twelve, which for every fourth 1 ear Should confift of 30 Days, and the other Years of 29

Thing, every Man is an Animal 5 therefore fome living Thing is a Man.

There arc fourteen direfl Moods ; whereof four belong to the first Figure ; five to the fourth ; 4 to the id 5 and dto the 3d. See Figure.

They are denot. d by fo many artificial Words framed

3d Month mutl contiit of for that purpofe, viz.' 1. Barbara, Celarent, Darii, lerioqj 4. Baralif, Celaaes, halitis, Tafejmo, Frifefom. 2. Cefare, Camifires, lejiino, Baroco. 3. Darafti, lelafton, Difamis, Dtuijt, hocardo, ierifon.

The Ufe and Effect of which Words lie wholly in the Syllables, and rhe Letters whereof the Syllables confift. Each Word, e. r. confiSts of three Syllables, denoting the three Propositions of a Syllable, viz. Major, Minor, and

This Form a\ Civil Months was introduced by "Julius C*far. Conclufion. Add, that the Letters of each Syllable are

""I "-" ', j , ,i. " '" "«" ucm.Eiui wim or tnree univenai amrmative i'ropontions : Baralip of rhe only confided of 2S Days, and every third Year of 4 th Figure, confiding of univerfal affirmative Premiffes (£c
 * tho before it had ordinarily confifled of 29 Days, particular affirmative Conclufions, igc. See Barbara'

Under Attgujtus, the fixth Month, tilt then from its place call'd Sextilis, was denominated Aupijius, in honour of that Prince, and to make the Compliment yet greater, a Day was added to it. So that it now confitled of 31 Days, tho till then it had only centain'd 32. To make up for which, a Day was taken from February ; fo that henceforward it only confiited of 2.8 Day 29 &c,

And fuch are the Civil or Calendar Months which now ob- tain thro' Europe. See Calendar.

Philosophical Month, among Chymifts, is the fpace of 40 Days and Nights. See Menstruum.

Monthly Courfes, fee Menses.

MONT-PAGNEL, in Military Matters, an Eminence chofe without the reach of the Cannon of a Place befieged, where curious Perfons poft themfelvesto fee an Attack, and the manner of the Siege, without being expofed to danger.

The Word literally denotes the Poft of the Invulne- rable.

either Vowels or Confonants, The Vowels are A, which denotes an univerfal affirmative Propofition ; E, an univer- fal Negative ; I, a particular Affirmative ; and 0, a par- ticular Negative.

Thus Barbara is aSyllogifm of the ift Figure, confifting of three univerfal affirmative Propositions : Baralip of the

Celarent, Darii, t>c

The Confonants are chiefly of ufe in the Reduction of Syllogifms. See Reduction.

Mood or Mode, in Grammar, is ufed ro Signify the diffe- rent Manners of conjugating Verbs, agreeably to the diffe- rent Actions or Affections to be expreffed, e. g. Shewing, commanding, wi/hing, Sic. See Verb.

Hence arife 5 Modes, viz. the Indicative, Imperative, Op- tative, Subjunctive, and Infinitive. See Indicative Im- perative, Optative, S^c.

Some Grammarians reckon but four Modes, confounding the Optative_with the Subjunctive ; and fome make fix,

MONUMENT ,n Architecture, a Building deflin'd to dividing the Optative into Potential and Optative,

preferve the Memory, SSc of the Perfon who rais'd it, or The Greeks have five Modes of Verbs differing in Termi-

forwhom.twasraisd nation ; butthe L«i K! have but four. &

Such is a Triumphal Arch, a Maufoleum, a Pyramid, In Englifi the Terminations are the fame in all the Mode,.

^u S w M / usolED, M ' **;• .. _, ., For the Origin of Modes, it may be obferved, that

The Word comes from the Latin Monere, to advtfe, and Verbs are of that kind of Words which fignif, the Manner

advertize. and Form of our Thoughts ; whereof the Principal is Affir-

The firft Monuments which the Antients erected were ma.ion. Verbs are alfo form'd to receive differen Inflec-

,he Stones which they laid over then- Tombs, whereon tions, as the Affirmation regards different Perfons and dffe-

,hey wrote the Names and Aa.ons of the deceas'd. See rent Times, whence arife the Tenfes and Perfons of Verbs.

To ^?, B 'r o ™. o.tt. •, But befides thefe, Men have thought fit to invent other

Thefe Stones were dittinguifhd by various Names ac- Inflexions, to explain what pafs'd in their Mind ftill more

™<^±* S t!!.lTl S T^fZ m L l h LP^ «« diftinaly =_ For.'tn^the firlf place, they confider'd.Tar

itions, as be loves, he loved, there conditional, as, // he loved, tha'

the Name Steles ,0 fuch as were Square in their Bafe, and befide the fimple Affirmations,- as he loves, he loved 'there preferv'd the fame Depth throughout their whole Length ; were others modified and conditional, as, 'if he loved Z whence were denv d our Square Ptkfters, or Attic Co- be fiould love. And the better to diftinguim thefe Affir

lurnns. See Pilaster.

mations from the others, they doubled the Inflections of

thofe