Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/221

 MON

f-ft?;)

MON

The Word is compounded of the Greek (Aon;, )JviMl Colour.

MONODY, Monodia, in the antient Poetry, a kind of mournful Song, or Ditty, fuog by a Perfon all alone J to litterhis Grief.

The Word is compounded of ttn&- folus, and */», Song. .

MONOGAMY, the State or Condition of thofe who have only married once. See Marriage, Bigamy, l$c.

iingle ; and this kind to Pops Alexander III. Whence they are alfo call'd Leonine Verj'es. See Leonine,

They arc but little ufed in Englijh ; more in French.

The Word comes from the Greek uor& folus, and f u£ft©- Ryme. See Rime.

MONOST1CH, Monosticon, an Epigram confifling of one iingle Verfe.

MONOSYLLABLE, a Word of a fingle Syllable ; or, confining of one, or more Letters pronounced all together.

The Word is compouned of pint folus, and ya.jj.oi Maf- See Wore and Sylla bee.

tiage. The French Language abounds in Monofyllables more than

MONOGRAM; or Monogrammo'n, a Cypher, or any other. This renders it the more perplexing to Fo-

Charadfer compofed of one or more Letters interwoven ; reigners, and yet the Beauty of the Language feems to

beingakind of Abbreviation of a Name ; antiently much confift in it. One of the beft and fmoothelt Lines in Mtll-

ufed as a Badge, Seal, Arms, fgc. See Seal, Cypher, &c. herbe confiils of twelve Monofyllables ; fpeaking of Calijia,

Under the Eaflern Empire, it is ufual to find M IK, he fays, which are the Monogram of Maria, Jefus, Confiantine-

The ufe of Monograms is of an antient {landing, as ap- Et mot je ne voy rien quand je ne la vols pas. pears from Plutarch^ and from force Greek Medals of the

time of Philip of Macedon, Alexander his Son, $$c. In this the Genius of the Englijh Tongue differs much from

The Roman Lab.vrum bore the Monogram ofjefus Chrift, the French, an uninterrupted Series of Monofyllables having

confifling of two Letters, a P placed perpendicular over always an ill Effea. This Mr. Pope both intimates and

the middle of a X, as we find it in feveral Medals of the exemplifies in the fame Verfe. time of Conjiamine ; thofe being the two firft Letters of

And ten low Words oft creep in one dull Line.

Pafquier cites an Elegy of forty two Verfes, confifling wholly of Monofyllables.

MONOTHELITES, an antient Sect, who fprung out of the Eutychians ; thus call'd, as only allowing of one,

the Word XPI2T02, Chrift. See Labarum.

The Kings formerly marked their Coins with their Mo- nogram : Of this we have inftances in Charlemain'rs Coins. That Prince alfo ufed the Monogram for his Signature. Eginard gives us rhisrealon for it, viz. that Charlemain could not write ; and that having attempted in vain to learn in

his grown Age, he was reduced to the neceffity of Signing Will in Jelus Chrift ; as the Word Monothelite in the Greek with a Monogram, imports.

The Antients ufed Monograms as Notes or Abbreviations The Opinion of the Monothelites had its Rife in S30, and of tnlcriptiuns; for rhe underltanding whereof we have ex- had the Emperor Heracliits for an Adherent. It was the prefs Treatifes of Valerias Frobus, Paulas Diaeonus, &c. fame with that of the Severlan Acephali. SeeCiiARACTER. They allow'd of two Wills in Chrifl, confider'd with

MONOLOGUE, a Dramatic Scene, wherein a Perfon regard to the two Natures ; but reduc'd them to one, by appears alone on the Stage, and fpeaks to himfelf. See reafon of the Union' of the two Natures : Thinking it ab- Soliloquy. furd there fhould be two free Wills in one and the fame

The Word Monologue is derived from the Greek pur@- Perfon,

folus, and >.cy&, Difcourfc, Speech. They were condemn'd by the fixrh General Council, as

MONOMACHIA, a Duel, or fingle Combat of Man being fuppofed to deftroy the Perfection of the Humanity

againft Man. See Duel. of J e f us Chrift, in depriving it of Will and Operation.

Monomachia was antiently allow'd by Law for the Trial or That Council declared their Belief of two Wills, and two

Proof of Crimes. It was even permitted in pecuniary Cau- Operations, without Divifion, or without changing the one

fes, as appears by antient Records. It is now forbid both for the other, without either diftinguifhing or confounding

by the Civil and Canon Laws. See Combat. them : the Human Will being fubjecl to the Divine.

Alciat has wrote a Treatife de Monomachia. MONOTONIA, Monotony, a Want of Variation, of

The Word comes from the Greek uov&- folus, and t^xn Infleflion of the Voice, or a Fault in Pronunciation, where

Combate. ..... a long Series of Words are deliver'd with one unvaried

MON OME, in Algebra, a Quantity that has but one Tone. See Pronunciation. Denomination.orName; ojsab,aab,aaabb. See Quantity. This is one of the principal Faults of our Englijh Ora-

The Monome may be either Rational, or Irrational. See tors. Monotonia is oppcfed to Chanting or Singing. Rational, &'■ MONSEIGNEUR, in the Plural Messeigneurs, a

MONOPET ALOUS, in Botany, a Term apply'd to Title of Honour and Refpect ufed by the French in wri- Flowers which have only one undivided Petalum, or Leaf, ting to Perfons of fuperior Rank or Ouality. See Seig- See Flower, Petala, f$c.

MONOI'HYSITES, a general Name given to all thofe Sectaries in the Levant who only own one Nature in Jefus Chrift.

The l.ioiophyfues however, properly fo call'd, are the Followers of Severus, and Fetrus Fulknfis.

The Word comes from the Greek p.oK©- folus, and qjuotf Nam: a.

MONOPOLY, an unlawful kind of Traftick, when one or more Perfons make rhemfelves fole Matters of any Com- modity, with defgn to enhance its price ; thofe who have occafion f..r ir being obliged to purchafe it at their hands, and on their own terms.

There are two kinds of Monopolies : The one, when a Merchant buys up, for inftance, all the Corn of a Province, to retail it atan advanced Rate to the People.

The other when a Letter, or Patent is procured from the Monfieur fuch a one Prince, prohibiting any other Perfon to fell any Commodity befides the Patentee.

The Word is pure Greek, form'd of [at©- and iruhCt, fig- nifying to fell alone.

Among the Romans, the Term was fo odious, that Tf* berius, as Suetonius relates, having occafion to make ufe of it, begg'd leave of the Senate for it, as being borrow'd frum the Greek.

MONOPTERE, a kind of Temple among the Antients, round, and without Walls ; having a Dome fupportcd with Columns. See Temple.

MONOFTOTE, Monoptoton, in Grammar, a Noun whii'h has only one Cafe. See Case.

MONOPYRENEOUSFraitr, are fuch as only contain one Kernel, or Seed. See Fruit.

MONORYME, a Poetical Compofition, all the Verfes whereof end with the fame Ryme.

Monorymes are faid to have been invented by the old French .Poet Leonm, who addrelTed fome Latin Verfes of

neur.

The Word is a Compound of mon, my, and Seigneur, Lord.

Dukes, Peers, Archbilliops, Bifhops, and Prefidents a la Mortier, are complimented with the Title of Monfeigxcur. In the Requefts prefented to the Sovereign Courts, they ufe the Term Nojfeigneurs.

Monseigneur, abfolutely ufed, is a Quality now gi- ven to the Dauphin of France.

This Culfom was unknown till the time of Louis XIV. Till then, the Dauphin was filled Monfieur le Daubhin.

MONSIEUR, in the Plural Messieurs, a Term, or Title of Civility, ufed by the French, in fpeaking to their Equals, or thofe a little below them ; anfwering to Mr. or Sir, among the Englijh. See Sir.

The Superfcriptions of all Letters begin, A Monfieur,

The Word is a Compound of mon, and Sieur, Sir. See Sieur.

Eorel derives rhe Word from the Greek -xpei©-, Lord, or Sire, q. d. moncyeur. Pafquier derives Sieur, and Monfieur, from the Latin Senior, Eider. The Italians hy Signor, nitl the Spaniards Scttor, in the fame Senfe, and from the fame Origin.

The ufe of the Word was formerly more extenfive. They apply'd it to the People of many Ages before them : Thus, Monfieur St. Augufiine, Monfieur St. Ambrofe ; andthe Vulgar ftiil fay Monfieur St. Paul, Mmfieur St. James, &c.

The Romans, during the flourifhing rimes of their Li- berty, we: -e unacquainted with that term of Parade and Flattery, which they afterwards made ufe of under the Name of Dominus. In fpeaking, or writing to each other, they only gave them their proper Names 5 which Practice lafted even after Ctfar had brought the Republic under his Command. But after the Roman Emperors were once well feated in the Throne, the Courtiers, and Minions

who