Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/197

 mil

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MIL

The Mile bf Scotland:

Of Sweden ,. : .. " ...

OfMufco-vy

Of Lithuania — —

Of Poland

Of Germany, the Small

The Middle '

The Largeil Of France Of Spain Of Burgundy Of Flanders Of Holland

OfTerficti called alfo Parafatiga Of Egypt —

Feet.

6000 30000

3750

18500

19850

20000

12500

25000

5250

7090

6000

6666

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18750

25000

MILES, a Latin Term, which, in its general import, Sig- nifies Soldier. See Soldier and Militia;

In our Enghjh Laws, and Cuftoms, Miles is peculiarly ap- propriated to a Knight, called alfo Eques. See Knight and Eq^ues.

MILIARY Glands, GlanduU M'Hares, in Anatomy, a great number of fmalt Glands interfperfed throughout the Subftance of the Cutis, or Skin* See Gland and Cutis.

The Miliary Glands are the Organs whereby the Matter of Sweat, and infenfible Perfpiration, is fecreted from the Blood. See Perspiration and Sweat.

They are interwove with the pyramidal Papillx of the Skin ; and are each ferved with a Branch of an Artery, Vein, and Nerve ; as alfo with a proper excretory Duel, through which the fluid Matter fecreted from the Blood in the Subftance of the Gland, is excreted, and fent forth at the Pores, or Perforations of the Cuticle. See Pore and Cuticle.

Miliary Fever, is a malignant Fever wherein the Skin is fprinkled over with little purple Spots, or Puftles, in form of Grains of Millet.

It is alfo call'd a purple Fever, from the colour of the Spots. See Purple and Fever.

MILITANT, a Term underftood of the Affembly of Christians, while hereon Earth.

The Roman tjis divide the Church into Militant^ Patient, and Triumphant : The Militant is on Earth ; the Patient, or Paflive, they place in Purgatory; and the Triumphant in Heaven. See Church.

MILITARY, fomething belonging to the Mlitia, or Soldiery. Thus,

The Military Art is the Science of War. Sec War- Military Government is the fupreme Government, Di- rection, Command, and Difpdfition of all the Military Power of a Nation by Land and Sea. See Govern- ment.

The Military Government of England is wholly under the King ; and neither one, nor both Houfesof Parliament have any Right to levy any Forces, or make any War Of- fensive or Defenfive. See King, Army, Militia,

Gu ARE3, i£c.

Military Exercijes, are the Evolutions, or various manners of Ranging and Exercifing Soldiers. See Evo- lution.

Military ArchiteBure, is the Art of Fortification. See Architecture and Fortification.

Military Execution^ is the delivery of a City or Country up to be ravaged and deftroy'd by the Soldiers, upon iis refufmg to pay Contribution-Money. See Execu- tion.

Military Tc^amefif among the Romans, was what we call a Nuncupative- Will ; or a Teflament made only by Word of Mouth, in the Prefence of two WitneSTes. See

1 ESTAM ENT.

This was a Privilege peculiar to the Soldiery, and to them only when in the Campaign ; for at other- times they werefubjecr, to the common Laws.

Military Column among the Romans, was a Column on which was engraved a Lift of the Troops of an Army ; or the Number of Soldiers employed in any Expedition. See Column.

Military Order, fee Order.

Military Law, fee Law.

Military Fever, is a kind of malignant Fever frequent in Armies, by reafon of the ill Food, &c. of the Soldiers. See I-'ever.

Military Ways, Vice Militares, are the large Roman Roads, which Jgrtppa procured to be made through the Empire, in rhe time of Jugujlus, for the more convenient inarching of Troops, and conveyance of Carriages. See Road.

JV. Bemer has wrote the Hiftory of the Origin, Pro- grefs, and amazing Extent of thefe Military Roads 3 which

were paved from the Gates of Rome to the extreme Parts of the Empire. See Vim.

MILITIA, a collective Term, underftood of Perfons wh« make ProfeSlion of Arms.

The Word comes from the Latin", Miles y a Soldier ; and Miles, from Mille, which was antiently wrote Mile : For in levying Soldiers at Rome, as each Tribe furniflied a ThoM- fand, Mille or Mile, Men, whoever was of that Number, was called Miles. See Tribe.

Militia in its proper, and more reftrained fenfe, is ufed to iignify the Inhabitants, or, as we call them; the Trained-Bands of a Town, or Country ; who arm them- felves, on a Short warning, for their own Defence. In which fenfe, Militia is oppofed to regular, Slated Forces.

The {landing Militia of England is now computed to be about 2000CO Horfe and Foot 5 but may be increafed at the pleafure of the King.

For the Direction and Command of thefe, the King con- stitutes Lords Lieutenants of each County, with Power to Ann, Array, and Form into Companies, Troops, and Re- giments, to Conduct, (upon Occafion of Rebellion, and Invasion) and Employ the Men fo Arm'd within their re- fpe&ive Counties, and other Places where the King com- mands j to give Commissions to Colonels, and other Offi- cers 5 to charge any Perfon with Horfe, Horfe- man, Anns, &c. proportionable to his EState^ &$. See Lord Lieute- nant.

No Perfon to be charged with a Horfe unlefs he have 500 Pounds yearly Revenue, or 6000 Pounds Perfonal E- State 5 nor with a Foot-Soldier, unlefs he have 50 Pounds yearly, or 600 Pounds Perfonal Eftate.

MILK, Lac t a white Juice, or Humour, which Nature prepares in the Breafts of Women, and the Udders of other Animals ; for the Nourishment of their Young. See Breasts.

Milk is thicker, fweeter, and whiter, than the Chyle itfelf, from which it is derived, and that probably, without much more Artifice or Alteration than the leaving behind fomeof its aqueous Parts. The Antlents held itform'dfrom the Blood ; but the Moderns are of Opinion, it comes from the pure Chyle convey'd by the Arteries to the Breafts, and without any other Co&ion filtrated through the Glands whereof they are compos'd, like Urine through the Reins 5 without undergoing any considerable change.

According to M, Leewenboeck'S Obfervations, Milk con- fifts of little Globules fwimming in a clear tranfparent Liquor, call'd Serum otWbey.

Milk is a Compofition of three different Kinds of Parts, Butirous, Cafeous, and Serous. The Butirous Parts are the Cream and Oil that fwim a-top. See Butter. TheCa- feous are the grofTer Parts, and thofe that coagulate, and are made into Cheefe. See Cheese. The Serous are pro- perly a Lympha, and make what we call Whey.

Dr. Drake fays, that Milk is nothing but Oil and Water united by the Artifice of Nature, perhaps by the Interven- tion of Some peculiar Salts, which, Milk itfelf, however fweet at fir ft, does, after a little Handing, difcover to be pretty plentifully therein.

Milk is firft found in the Breafts of Women after they have been pregnant about four Months. The Fermen- tation of the Milk in the Breafts, the firft days after a Woman is delivered, occafions a Fever, which rakes its Name therefrom.

Ariftotle fays, there are fome Men who have Milk in their Breafts. Cardan tells us "he faw one that had enough to fuckleaChild.

In the Pbilojbpbical TranfaBions, we have an Account of a Wether brought to Mi Ik by the fucking of a Lamb ; which Lamb was maintain'd by it all the Summer, till it was weaned.

Milk corrupted in the Stomachs of Children, occafions the feveral Difeafes incident to that Age. Dobel, a Danifi Phyfician, who has wrote expreSly on this Subject, tells us, an excellent Remedy in fuch Cafe, is a Glafs of Water with a little Salt diflolved in it : This acts as an Emetic, and throws up the Corruption that occafion 'd theDiforder. Celftts mentions this Remedy, L. 1. c. 3. See Children.

Gfl/ettobferves, that in Animals fed with Milk, thegreateft part of the Food of the Mother is converted into that Humor.

There are feveral kinds of Mlk, ufed not only as Food, butasPhyfic : As Cows Milk, Affes Milk, Sheets Milk* and Goats Milk* Thefe are prefcribed as proper to alter a Sharp thin Blood into aCrafis more foft, balfamic, and nu- tritive ; and in Constitutions where they fit the firft Pafla- ges, mull be very good for that End, as being already prepared into Nutriment, fo far as is required for their ad- mission into the Blood. But where the Juices of the Sto- mach are Sharp, thefe Liquors are apt to be turn'd into Curd. Whenever Milk, therefore, of what kind foever, is order'd in Confumptions, and as a Reftorative, it is with good reafon join'd with the teStaceous Powders, and fuch things as are proper to deftroy thofe Acidities.

AlTes