Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/145

 MAR

( *oo)

MAR

ttieir Properties, as well as on the Myfterics of Numbers, which the Jews and Gnojiics had borrow'd from the Philo- fophy of Plato and Pythagoras. Marcus was an Egyptian, and there it was he became acquainted with Magic. To impofe more eafily on his Followers, he made ufeof cer- tain Hebrew, or rather Cbaldee Words, much ufed by the Enchanters of thofe Times. The Marcojfians had a great number of Apocryphal Books, which they held for Cano- nical, and of the fame Authority with ours. Out of thefe they pick'd feveral idle Fables, touching the Infancy of Jefus Chrift, which they put off for true Hiftories. Many of thefe Fables are Hill in ufe and credit among the Greek Monks.

MARGARITA. See Pearls.

MARK, in Matters of Commerce and Manufacture 5 a certain Character ftruck or imprefs'd on various Kinds of Commodities, either to fhew the Place where they were made, and the Pcrfons who made 'em ; or to fhew they have been view'd and examined by the Officers or Ma- gillrates charged with the Infpection of that Manufacture ; or laftly, to mew the Duties impofed thereon have been regularly acquitted. Thus are Cloths, Leathers, Cutlery- Ware, Paper, Plate, Weights, Meafures, &c. marked.

MARK is alfo a particular Sign or Character, known only to the Trader who pitches on it j whereby, being fix'd to any Commodity, he recollects the Price it coft him. Thefe Marks, otherwife call'd Numero's, are taken according to the Fancy of thofe who ufe them ; but, or- dinarily, are chofen from among the Letters of the Al- phabet, each having a relation to fomc particular Num- ber of Figures. They are of fo much ufe in Trade, that the Reader will not take it amifs, if we infert a little Table, to ferve as a Model for their Construction.

A1B1CID1E1F1G1H II 1 K1L1M

o 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 I10U0

One Example wilt give the whole Ufe of this Table. Suppofe, 0. g. I would put on a Piece of Stuff, that it colt 37 s. td.perEW. I put an M for 20 s. anLfono*. an H for 71. and a G for 6d. So that the feveral Letters wrote after ea^h other (obferving always to feparate Shillings from Pounds and from Pence by Points, will make this 'Mark M.L.H.G equal to 37*. 6 d. Note, the Mark may be diverfified infinitely, by adding other Figures to the Letters in lieu of thefe.

St. MARK, a Congregation of Regular Canons, found- ed at Mantua by one Albert Sfinola, a Prielr, towards the end of the 12th Century. Sfinola made a Rule for them, which was approved, corrected and confirmed by feveral fucceeding Popes. About the Year 1450, they were re- formed, and followed only the Rule of St. AitgufTm. This Congregation, which at firft confiited of 18 or 2.0 Houfes of Men, and of fome for Women, fituate in Lombardy and the State of Venice ; having flourifhed for the fpace of 4.00 Years, declined by little and little, and was at length reduced to two Convents j and in 1584, that of St. Mark at Mantua, which was the chief, was given with the Con- fent of Pope Gregory XIII. to the Camaldules, and fo the Congregation became extinct.

Order of St. Mark; an Order of Knighthood in the Republic of Venice, under the Protection of St. Mark the Evangelift. The Arms of this Order are, a Lion winged Gules, with this Device, Tax nbi, Marka Evangelijia. This Order is never conferred but on thofe who have done fig- nal Services to the Commonwealth.

MARKET, from the Trench Marche, i.e. Emporium or Forum Nundinarium $ and fignifles the fame thing with us, as alfo the Liberty or Privileges whereby a Town is ena- bled to keep a Market. Brdliojt obferves, that one Market ought to be diftant from all others at leaft fix Miles and a half, and a Third of a half. In former times it was cuftomary to have moft Fairs and Markets kept on Sundays, and in the Church-yard ; fo that Matters of Bufinefs and Devotion were tranfacted under one. Which Cuftom, tho prohibited by feveral King.', was yet held up till the Reign of King Henry the Sixth, when it was effectually fupprefs'd. In many Places they are ftill kept in the Church-yard.

MARLE, oeMarne$ a. kind of fat, fofr, foflile Earth, caft on Land to make it more fruitful :■ There are feveral Sorts, of feveral Colours and Qualities. Too muchMarle thrown on the Earth, is found to burn it. Marie is alfo of ufe in making of Lime, and is burnt like other Stone. The Word comes from the antient Celtic Marga, mentioned by Pliny. It was afterwards call'd Marsha and Marguretta. Paliffi teaches the Ufe of it.

MARMALADE; a Confeaion made of the Juice or Pulp of feveral Fruits, as Plumbs, Apricocks, Quinces, &c. boiled with Sugar into a Confidence : that made of Quin- ces is fub-aflringent, and grateful to the Stomach.

MARMORA ARUNDELLIANA, or the 6xflrdMar~ lies, are antient Stone?, whereon appear a Chronicle of tho City of Athens, engraven in Capital Letters in the Ifland of Faros, one of the Cyclades, 263 Years before Jefus Chrifl. They took their Name from Thomas Earl of Arundel, who procured them out of the Eaft, or from Heftry his Grand- ion, who prefented them to the Univerfity of Oxford. An Account of all their Infcriptions were pubtifh'd in 1676, by Dr. Prideaux.

MARONITES, a Body of Chriftians who follow the Syrian Rites, and are fubject to the Pope j their principal Habitation being on Mount Libanus. The Learned are divided about their original Father. Morin and Cardinal Bona take Maronite for the Name of a Sect, as well as Nefioria?i and Jacobite. The Maronites themfelves pre- tend, that they are defcended from one Maron, who lived in the beginning of the fifth Century, and whofe Life is written by Theodoret. The Jefuit Sacchini is of the fame Opinion ; he thinks, that they never feparated from the Catholic Church 5 and adds, that what has given occa- fion to their being judg'd in a Schifm, is their Re-union with the RomiJJj Church, which fome take for a Return to the Catholic Faith. The former Opinion is founded on the Testimonies of Etitychit'.s, James deVitri, and feveral others, who exprefly affert the Maro?iites to have been formerly a part of the Monothelite Jacobites; According to their Account, Maron, whom the Maronites qualify for a Saint, was in truth a Heretic. Towards the Year riSi, Aimers, third Latin Patriarch of Confiantinofle, united the Maronites to that Church. From that time they have ufed the Mitre, Ring, Crofier, and other of the Latin Epifcofa- liaj but their Service is flill performed in the Cbaldee Language.

M. Tavjius has publifh'd an Apology for Maron and the reft of his Nation. His Opinion is, that they really took their Name from the Maron who lived in the 4th Century, and whereof mention is made in Chryfoftom, Theodoret, and the Menology of the Greeks. He adds, that the Difciples of this Maron fpread themfelves throughout all Syria, that they built feveral Monafteries, and among others, one that bore the Name of their Leader 5 That all the Syrians who were not tainted with Herefy, took Refuge among 'em 5 and that for this reafon, the Hereticks of thofe Times call'd 'era Maronites.

The Maronites have a Patriarch who refides in the Mo- naftery of Cannulna on Mount Libanus, and affumes the Title of Patriarch of Antioch. He is elected by the Clergy and the People, according to the antient Cuftom; buc fince their Re-union with the Church of Rome, he is ob- liged to have a Bull of Confirmation from the Pope. He keeps a perpetual Celibate, as well as the reft of the Bi- fhops his Suffragans. For the reft of the Ecclefi allies, they are allow'd to marry before Ordination ; and yet the Monaflic Life is in great efteem among 'em. Their Monks are of the Order of St. Anthony, and live in the moft obfeure Places in Mountains, far from the Commerce of the World.

As to their Faith, they agree in the main with, the reft of the Eaflern Church. Their Priefts don't fay Mafs a- lone, but all fay it together, Handing round the Altar. They confecrate Bread without Leaven > and the Laity have hirherro communicated in both Kinds, tho the Prac- tice of communicating in one is introduced by little and little. In Lent they eat nothing, unlefs it be two or three hours before Sun-rifing : Their other Faftings are very numerous. Their Name may either be derived from Ma- ron abovemention'd, or from y.a?a>, the Name of a Mo- naftery, or from Maronea, a City of Syria.

MAROTIC STILE; a Term in the Trench Poetry, fignifying a peculiarly gay, merry, yet fimple and natural Manner of Writing, introduced by Marot, and fince imi- tated by their other Authors, but with moft Succefs by Voiture and Tontaine. The Difference between the Marotic and the Burlefque Stile, is thus affign'd : The Marotic makes a choice, the Burlefque admits of all. The firft is the moft fimple, but its Simplicity has its Noblenefs 5 and where its own Time won't furnifh natural Exprcffions, ic borrows them from formerTimes. The latter is low and groveling, and borrows falfe and fulfome Ornaments from the Croud, which People of Tafte defpife. The one re- runs itfelf to Nature, but examines firft of all whe- ther the Objects fhe prefents be fit for its Paintings, and takes nothing but what carries with it fomewhat of Delicacy and Mirth ; the other runs headlong into Buf- foonery, and affects every thing that is extravagant and grotefque.

MARQUE, Letters of, are Letters of Reprifal, grant- ed by a King or Parliament, by which Subjects of one Country are licenfed to make Reprifals on thofe of ano- ther ; provided Application has been made for Redrefs to the Government, whereto the Aggreffor belongs, three times without Effect. They are fo call'd, as being Jus

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