Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/140

 MAN

( m

MAN

ther with the Glebe and Tythes. It is fometimes Called ihe Presbyterium. See Presbytery.

MANSION, from manendi "a Dwell in g-Houfe, or Coun- try Habitation j commonly ufed for the Lord's Chief Dwel- ling-Houfe within his Fee, otherwife called the Capital Mef- fuage t or chief Manor Place. Maufo, or Man/us, werefome- times ufed in the fame Senie with Hide 5 that is, as much Land as one Plow could till in a ^ear.

MAN-SLAUGHTER, Homicide, or the unlawful kil- ling a Man, without prepenfcd Malice .- As when two, who formerly meant no harm to one another, on fome fudden Occaiion falling our, the one kills the other. It differs from Murder, as not being done with foregoing Malice 5 and from Chance-Medley, becaufe it hath a pre- fcnt Intent to kill : It is eiteem'd Felony, but admitted to the Benefit of the Clergy, for the firi! time. By a Law of King Canutus, if a Man is kill'd openly and premeditated- ly, the Murderer mail be committed to the Relations of the Deceafed : But if, on his Tryal, the Fact is proved, but not wilful, the Bifhop is to judge him.

MANSORII MUSCULI. Se^Maffeters.

MANTELETS, in War, are a kind of moveable Pent- houfes, or Parapets made of Pieces of Timber, faw'd into Planks, about three Inches thick, and nailed one over ano- ther to the height of almoit fix Foot. They are generally cafed with Tin, and fet upon little Wheels ; fo that in a Siege, they may be driven before the Pioneers, and ferve as Blinds to flicker them from the Enemies fmall Shot. There are alfo other forts of Mantelets, covered on the top, whereof the Miners make ufe, to approach the Walls of a Town or Cattle. It appears from Vegeaus, that thefe were in ufe among the Antients, but they were built {lighter, and yet larger than ours, being eight or nine Foot high, as many broad, and fixteen long : They were defended by a double Covering, the one of Boards, the other of Fag- gots, with the Ribs of Oilers, and cafed without with Skins (leep'd in Water, to prevent Fire.

MANTLE, or Mantle-Tree, in Architecture, is the lower-part of a Chimney, or that part laid a-crofs the Jaumbs, and which fullams the Compartiment of the Chimney-piece. See Jaumb.

MANTLE, in Heraldry, is that Appearance of the Folding of Cloth, Flourishing or Drapery, that is in any Atchievemenr, drawn about the Coat of Arms : It is fup- pofed formerly to have been the Reprefentation of a Man- tle of State in Blazon; it is always faid to be doubled, that is, lined throughout with one of the Furs, as Ermin, Pean, Verry, S^c. See Coat.

Mantle is likewife a Term ufed in Falconry; as they fay, the Hawk mantles, that is, fpreads her Wings after her Legs.

MANUCAPTIO, in Law, a Writ that lies for a Man, who, being taken on Sufpicion of Felony, and offering fufficienr Bail for his Appearance, is refus'd to be admitted thereto by the Sheriff, or other having Power to let to Mainprife.

MANUDUCTOR, a Name given to an antient Officer in the Church, who, from the middle of the Choir where he was placed, gave the Signal to the Chorifters to iing, mark'dthe Meafure, beat Time, and regulated the Mufic. The Greeks call'd him Mefacoros, becaufe feated in the middle of the Choir. But in the Latin Church, he was call'd ManuduBor, from Manas, and dt<co, I lead j becaufe he led and guided the Choir by the Motions and Gefture of the Hand.

MANUFACTURE, a Place where fevcral Artifts and Workmen are employ'd in the fame kind of Work ; or make a Commodity of the fame kind. The Word is alfo popularly ufed for the Work itfelf ; and by Extension for the like Work, carried on independently in different parts of a Country. In this fenfe, we fay the Woollen Manu- fafture, Silk ManufaBiire, Velvet ManufaBure, Tapeftry ManufaBure, Muilin MxnufaBure, ckc. ManufaBure of Hats, Stockings, &c. See Wool, Silk, Velvet, Taptftry, Muflin, ckc. The Word comes from the Latin, ManufaBus.

MANUMISSION, an Aaion by which a Slave is fet at liberry. Some Authors define Manumiffion to be an Act by which a Lord enfranchifes his Tenants, who till that time had been his Vaflals, and in a State of Slavery, in- confident with the Holinels of our Faith.

The Romans had feveral Ceremonies in ufe in the Mann- fM jf on of their Slaves. Their Manumiffon was perform'd three feveral Ways. Firft, When, with his Mailer's Con- feut, a Slave had his Name enter'd in theCenfus, or Pub- lic Regiikir of the Citizens. Secondly, When the Slave was led before the Prxtor, and that Magiftrate laid his Wand on his Head. Thirdly, When the Mailer gave the Slave his Freedom by his Teltament. Servius TutUrn is faid to have firft fet on foot the firft Manner, and P. Valerius Pf.blicola the fecond. A particular Account is given of the third in the Institutes of Jttjkiniem, Jt was not necefTary, that theiVtffB)- Ihould be on his Tribunal to perform the

Ceremony of Ma7iumijf n: He did it any where mdifre* rently, in his Houfe, in the Street, going to bath, igc. He laid the Rod, call'd VindiBa, on the Slave's Head a pronouncing thefe Words, Died eitm liberum effe more Qui- ritum ; 1 declare him a Freeman after the manner of the Ro- mans. This done, he gave the Rod to the Liclor, who firuck the Slave with it on the Head, and afterwards with his Fift on his Face and Back. And the Notary, or Scribc a enter'd the Name of the new-free 'd Man in the Regifler, with the Rcafons of his Manumiffon. The Slave had like- wife his Head fhaved, and a Cup given him by his Ma- tter, as a Token of Freedom. Tertullian adds, that he had then a third Name given him. If this were fo, three Names were not a Token of Nobility, but of Freedom. The Emperor Confiantine order'd the Manumiffom at Rome to be perform'd in the Churches. The Word comes from, the Latin Manumiffo, quia Servus mittebatur extra Manum t feu Patejxatcm Domini fui.

Of Manumiffon there have been various Forms in F.n?~ land. In the time of the Conqueror, Servants were manu- mitted, by the Mailer's delivering them by the Right Hand to the Vicount in full Court, /hewing them the Door, giving them a Launce and a Sword, and proclaiming them free. Some were alfo manumitted by Charter. There was alfo an implicit Manumiffion 5 as when the Lord made an Obligation for Payment of Money to the Bondman at a certain Day ; or fued him, where he might enter without Suit j and the like.

MANURING of Ground, confifls in the Application of a Matter proper for meliorating the Soil, and rendring it more fertile. The Matters ufed for Manure, are various in various Countries. The moil ordinary are Lime and Marl, which fee under their proper Articles, In fome pnrts of Ireland, they ufe Sea-Shells, as thofe of Cockles, Periwinkles, &c. which are found to agree very well with boggy, heathy, clayey, wet or Miff Land. They feem to giveitakind of Ferment, as Barm does to Bread, opening and loofening the Clods, and by that means making way for the Roots to pene- trate, and the Moifture to enter into the Fibres of the Roots : This kind of Manure continues a long time e'er its Effects are exhaufled, whereas Lime, %£c. fpend them- fclves at once. The Shells being hard, melt away very (lowly, fo that the Operation needs not be repeated for zo or 50 Years. In the Weft of England, they manure their Land with a brackifh Sea-Sand ; which Dr. Bury obfervesj quickens Dead- Land : So that what would otherwife be the barreneft part of that Country, is now the richeft. The Sea-Salt, he obferves, is too lufty and active of itfelf, and that it does beft when mingled with Lime. Glauber orders the Mixture to be made up and burnt like Bricks, and then apply'd. In fome Countries they burn the Surface of their heathy Ground, inftead of manuring it 5 which is but ill Husbandry, inafmuch as it impoveri/hes it 5 and by destroying the Sap of the Earth, and Roots of the Grafs, and other Vegetables, it renders it ufelefs for fe- veral Years afterthe third, when it is plow'd. Dr. Jackfatt obferves, that all the Ground about Nantzoich, where Salt or Brine is fpilt, is, when dug up, an excellent Ma- nure for grazing Ground j and even Bricks, thoroughly tinged with it, diffolve and fertilize the Land very consi- derably. Dr. Seal fays, 'tis a common Obfervation of Gardeners and skilful Husbandmen, that Froft and Snow improve and fertilize the Land both more fpeedily and more effectually than the Influence and Warmth of the Sun. Dr. Lifer tells us, that in fome parts of* the North- Riding of York/hire, the Soil is fandy, and the People ma- nure ix. with Clay. The Soil, with any other Manure, bears nothing but Rye 5 but with Clay, bears Oats, Barley, &a This Clay Manuring, will, by certain Experience, lafr. 45 Years in the Ground e'er it need be repeated. The Bogs in Ireland are bell improv'd by fandy, or other gra- velly Manures.

MANUSCRIPT, a Book, or Paper, written with the Hand 5 in oppofition to a printed Book, or Paper. A Ma-* nttferift is ufually defign'd by the two Letters MS, and in the Plural by MSS, or MMSS. What makes public Li^ braries valuable, is the Number of antient MSS repofited in them.

MAN WORTH, in old Law- Books, is the Price or Va- lue of a Man's Head: every Man, according to his de- gree, being rated at a certain Price ; according to which, Satisfaction, in old time, was made to his Lord, if any one kill'd him.

MANZEL. See Caravanferail.

MAP, a plain Figure, reprefenting the feveral Parts of the Surface of the Earth, according to the Laws of Per- f petti ve : or a Projeclion of the Surface of the Globe, or ft part thereof, /';: piano.. See ProjeBhn.

Maps are either univerfal, or particular. Vniiierfal Mapt are thofe which exhibit the whole Surface of the Earth, or the two Hemifpheres. Particular Maps are thofe which exhibit fome particular Region, or part thereof. Each

kind