Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/139

 MAN

( 4P4 ) MAN

tuft Countries, before Sun-rife both on Plants and Trees "ndeven on Rocks, and the Earth itfelf. But this mutt be a Miflale ; and 'tis much more rational to rank it among!, the Number of Gums, which exuding from the Juice of the Tree, and mixing with it feme faline particles of the Air, ,i« condens'd into thofe Flakes in which we

The Italians gather three kinds of Mama. The firft Manna di Corfo, which oozes fpontaneoufly from the Branches of the Tree in the Month of July. The fccond Manna Forzata, or Forzatella, which is not gather'd_ till

of a Principle of Love, Gratitude, and Honour, not to fruit Dido ; and having, on the other hand, an cxprcfs Order from the Gods to depart for Italy. Now, before it ap- pears on which fide he has dctcrmin'd, what he has before i'aid ihould /hew his Will and Inclinations, and which Party he will take. Now thofe preceding Dilcourfej, which difcover his future Refolution, make what we call the Poetical Maimers. Thofe make it pad doubt he will

in effect i

abandon Dido, to obey the Gods : This he the Manners therefore are good, and well conduced. Had he difobey'd the Orders of Jupiter, to Iky with Dido, the Manners had been ill ; in regard they would have foretold l&^JZ^ZMMa^F^^^ I Refofetion contrary to what he w, i really to take But

c ■ nr ■ v 1 tV 111. „ kinrl nf Sweat from the had there been nothing to make us forefee any Refolution

„f itfelf, in little Drops, bte » fand ,of Sweat ***** ^ ^ whkh he aauall took mf

nervous part of •»= Leaves of the £fh a„d gathers ,n o *. ^ ^ ^

fed bTth^lal^ & lIvTare frequent- 'Tis the banners, as we have before obferved, which

ly found fo'loaden with thefc Grains, that they feem co- ver'd with Snow. Manna is a gentle and fate 1 urge ; and is alfo ufed in Broths. Altomarus, a Phyfician of Naples, lias written a Treatife expreily upon it ; and Donzelfos has fecondedit. Manna, tho' accounted a kind of Honey, pur- ges the Bile 5 whereas common Honey increafes it. For- merly the Syrian was in the inoft Repute, but now it gives way to the Calahrian. Fuchfws obferves, that the Peafants of Mount Zikuua eat Manna ordinarily as others do Honey. At Mexico they are faid to have a Manna which, they eat as we do Cheefe. < ,

Manna is brought from feveral Countries, and m fever a I Forms Thus we have Manna of Calabria, and of Sicily ; Manna in Grains, in Tares, &c. The moft efteem'd, is that in Tares 5 which many take to be faftitious, and the Work of the 3ews of Leghorn, but 'tis certainly natural : And what gives it this Figure, is, that they put Straws and Slips of Wood in the Incifions, along which the Manna gliding, is condenfed as it comes our, and afiumes this Form.

MANNA, a Term in Scripture, fignifying a miraculous Icind of Food falling from Heaven, wherewith the If- raelites were fupported in their Paffage thro* the Wilder- nefs. This Manna was in form of Coriander-Seeds, its Co- lour was like that of Bdellium, and its Tafte like Honey. They call'd it Manna, either from the Hebrew Word Ma- nab, a Gift, to intimate its being a Gift from Heaven 5 or from Minnah, which fignifies to prepare, becaufe the Manna came to them ready for eating, and needed no Pre- paration but gathering ; or from the Egyptian word, Man, what is if? This laft Etymology fcems the more probable, in regard the Scripture takes notice of the Surprise they were under, when they firft faw this new Food defcend. Salmafuts, however, does not allow of this Derivation. He fays, that the Arabs and Chaldeans ufed the word Man to fignify a kind of Dew or Honey that fell on the Trees, and was gathered in great abundance on Mount Lihamts. So that the Israelites did not ufe the Term Mannah out of Surprize, but becaufe they found this Food fall with the Dew, in the fame manner as the Honey,, fo well known to them under the Name of Man. Salmajlus adds, that the Mannaof the Ifraelites was in reality no other than that Honey or Dew condens'd, and that the one and the other were the fame with the wild Honey wherewith St. fyhn was fed in the Wildernefs. So that the Miracle did not confift in the Formation of any new Subftance in favour of the Ifraelites 5 but in the punctual Manner in which it was difpens'd by Providence 5 fo that fo vaft a Multitude ihould have wherewithal to fatisfy themfelves.

MANNER, in Painting, &c. is ufed to exprefs that particular Character obfervable in the Works of Painters, Poets, and other Men of Art, by which their Pencil, Hand, or Style, are diftinguifti'd. Thus the Curious in Paintings know the Manners of the Painters ; and diftinguifh readily between the Maimers of Rubens, Titian, or Da Vinci 5 be- tween the antient and the new Manner of the fame Pain- ter 3 the Fkmijh and the Italian Manner. The Manner is ufed with refpect both to the Invention, the Defign, and the Colouring. The Manner of Michael Angela, or Ra- phael, may alfo be known in their Scholars. Thus we fay, fuch a Piece is of Raphael's School, i$c.

MANNERS, in Poetry, a Term particularly ufed in Tragedy, Comedy, and the Epopeiaj fignifying the Incli- nations, Genius, and Humour, which the Poet gives to his Perfons, or that which diftinguifhes his Characters. Ari- Jlotte defines the Manners to be that which difcovers the Inclination of him who fpeaks, and fhews what he will re- folveupon, or what reject, before he has actually deter- min'd : Whence he concludes, that Manners are not al- ways, and in all kinds of Difcourfes : Non qucelibet Oratio eji Morata. One Inftancewill make skis Definition clear. In the firft Book of Vitpt, JEneas is reprefented extremely pious, and determined to execute the Will of the Gods at all adventures. In the fourth Book, he has a difficult Choice propofed 5 being engaged, on the one hand, oat

diftinguifh the Characters : And, unlefs the Manners be well cxprefs'd, we fhall never be acquainted with the Per- fons at all 5 nor,, confequently, fhall we be either terri- fied with forefeeing their Dangers, nor melted into Pity b y feeing their Sufferings. See CharaBer^

The Manners then ihould have four Qualities; they fhould be Good, L<ke, Suitable, and Equal. Good is whera they are well mark'd or exprefs'd, that is, when the Dif- courfc of the Perfons makes us clearly and dittinctly fee their Inclinations, and what good or evil Refolutions they will take. Like only relates to known and public Perfons, whole Characters are in Hiftory, with which the poetic Characters mull agree 5 that is, the Poet mull not give a. Perfon any Quality contrary to any of thofe which Hiftory has given him. And here it may be obferved, that the evil Qualities given to Princes and great Men, ought to be omit- ted by the Poets, if they be contrary to the Character of a Prince, '&d but the Virtues oppose to thofe known Vice* ought not to be impofed, by making him generous and li- beral in the Poem, who was avaricious in the Hiftory. The Manners muft likewife be Jul table ; that is, they muft be agreeable to the Age, Sex, Rank, Climate and Condition of the Perfon that has them. Horace obferves, Intererit multum Dabttfne loquatt&r an Heros, Again, the Man- ners muft be equal, that is, they muft be conftant, or conftftent through the whole Character ; or the Variety of Inequality of the Manners, as in Nature, fo in the Drama 9 mult be equal. The Fearful muft never be brave, nor the Brave timorous 7 the Avaritious muft never be liberal, nor vice verfa. In this part, Shake/pear's Manners are admira- ble. Befidesthefe four Qualities above-mentioned, there is a fifth e Hernial to their Beauty j which is, that they be neceffary 5 that is, that no vicious Quality or Inclination be given to any poetic Perfon, unlefs it appear to be ab* folutely neceffary, or requifite to the carrying on of the Action.

MANOMETER, or Minofcope, an Inftrument to /hew o. meafure the Alterations in the Rarity or Denfity of the Air '■} from the Greek {ja.v@~ :i rams, and yt&\{$v, men far a, &c» The Manometer differs from the Barometer, in that the former only meafures the Weight of the Atmofphere, or of the Column of the Air over it ; but the latter the Denfity of the Air in which 'tis found: which Denfity depends not only on the Weight of the Atmofphere, but on the Action of Heat and Cold, £5c. Authors, however, generally confound the two together ; and Mr Boyle himfelf gives us a very good Manometer of his Contrivance, under the Title of a Statical Barometer 5 the Structure whereof fee under the Word Barometer.

MANOR, is derived a manendo ; becaufe the Lord did ufually refide there. For its Original : there was anciently a certain Compafs of Ground, granted by the King to fome Man of Worth, for him and his Heirs to dwell upon* and to exercife fome Jurifdiction more or lefs within that Circuit,as he thought good to grant 5 but performing, withal, fuch Services, and paying fuch yearly Renr, as by this Grant was required. Now, the Lord afterwards, parcelling the fame to other meaner Men, received Rent and Servi- ces from them, and by that means, as he became Te- nant to the King, the Inferiors became Tenants to him. In- deed the Word is now taken for Jurifdiction, and Royalty incorporeal, rather than for the Land and Suit : For a Man may have a Manor in Grofs, i. e. the Right and Intereft of a Court Baron, with the Perquifites, and another en- joy every Foot of Land belonging to it. A Manor may be compounded of divers things, as of an Houfe, Arable Land, Pafture, Meadow, Wood, Renr, Advowfon, Court- Baron, &c. And this ought to be, by long Continuance of Time, beyond Man's Memory. 'Tis held by fome, that a Manor cannot now be made, fince a Court-Baron cannot be made j and without a Court-Baron, and at leaft two Suitors, there can be ho Manor.

MANSE, isaParfonage or Vicaridge-Houfe, for the In- cumbent to live in j thiswas originally, and is now, an ef- fential Part of the Endowment of a Parifh- Church, toge- ther