Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/1048

 ZON

rate it 1 Metal, yet ftretches a little under the Hammer. See Metal, Ductility, £5?c.

'Tis found in great Quantities in theJMines of Gojfelaur in

Saxony -That commonly fold is in large, thick, fquare

Cakes; which would make one fufpeit it had been melted when taken out of the Mine, and caft in Moulds of that Form.

Zitik is ufed to purge and purify Tin ; much as Lead is to purify Gold, Silver, and Copper. See Lead.

Founders, Toy-men, iic. alfo ufe it with Turmeric to tinge Copper, (£c. It gives a fine Gold Colour, tho* not a very laiting one. See Copper, Brass, £s?c.

M. Homberg conjectures, wiih a good deal of Probabi- lity, that Zink is no other than a natural Mixture of two

real Metals, viz. Tin and Iron- What led him to the

Opinion was, that Zink yields precifely the fame Fumes by the Burning-glafs, as fuch a Mixture does. Accordingly, he affures us, he often fubflituted the one for the other j and this always with the very fame Effefl.

ZINZ.IBER ; fee Ginger.

C jpi 3

zoo

The Antients imagined the Torrid Zone uninhabitable. See Torrid.

The Temperate Zones are two Fafcite, or Bands envi- roning the Globe, and contain'd between the Tropics and

the-Antaraic Circles The breadth of each is 43P,

2'. See Temperate.

The Brigjd Zones are Segments of the Surface of the y Earth terminated, the one by the Antarclic, and the other ■

by the Arftic Circle— The breadth of each is 4*°, 58'.

SeeAacTic, Antarctic, &c.

The Difference of Zone is attended with a great divcrCty

of Phenomena. i y. In the torrid Zone, the Sun pifTes

through the Zenith twice a Year ; and his recefs from tho Equator toward the Pole which is above the Horhon, is twice a Year equal to the height of the Pole.

2 . In the temperate and frigid Zones, the lead height of the Pole exceeds the greateit diilance of the Sun from the Equator ; and therefore to the Inhabitants thereof the Sun never paffes thro* the Zenith 5 yet if on the fame

day

the Sun riles at the fame time to a greater height, the

ZIZYFHUM, a Name fometimes given to a kind of height of the Pole is the lefs, in regard the Inclination

Fruit ufually call'd Jujubes, See Jujubes,

ZOCCO, Zoccolo, Zocle, or Socle, in Architecture, a fmall kind of Stand or Pedeftal ; being a low, fquare Piece or Member, ferving to fupport a Bufto, Statue, or the like thing that needs to be rais'd. See Socle.

The Word is Italian, form'd from Soccus, a Sandal, or high Shoe. See Soccus.

Zocco, or Zocle, is alfo ufed for a low, fquare Member ferving to fupport a Column, or other part of a Building, inilead of a Pedeftal, Bafe, or Plinth. See Pedestal, Plinth, &c.

A continued Zccle is a kind of continued Pedeftal where- on a Structure is raifed j but having no Bafe or Cornice. See Pedestal.

ZODIAC, Zodiacxjs, in Agronomy, a Fafcia, Belt, or broad Circle, whofe Middle is the Ecliptic, and its Ex- tremes, two Circles parallel thereto at fuch diilance from it as to bound, or comprehend the Excurfions of the Sun and Planets. See Sun and Planet.

The Sun never deviates from the Middle of the Zodiac j i.e. from the Ecliptic 5 the Planets all do, more or lefs. See Ecliptic.

Their greateft Deviations, call'd Latitudes, aretheMea- fure of the Breadth of the Zodiac: which is broader or narrower as the greateft Latitude of the Planets is made

more or lefs Accordingly, fome make it to", fome 18,

and fome 20 Degrees broad. See Latitude.

The Zodiac cutting the Equator obliquely, makes an Angle therewith of 23 Degrees and an half 5 or more pre-

cifely of 23°, zy 1, which is what we call the Obliquity of metans. the Zodiac, and is the Sun's greater! Declination. See Obliquity and Declination.

'J he Zodiac is divided into twelve Portions, call'd Signs 5 and thole Divifions or Signs are denominated from the Can- cellations which antiently poffefs'd each Parr. See Con- stellation.— ——Bur, the Zodiac being immoveable,

of the Circles of diurnal Revolution to the Horizon lefs.

3 . In the temperate and torrid Zones the Sun rifes and fets every natural Day, by reafon the diftance of the Sun from the Pole always exceeds the height of the Pole \ yet every where but under the Equator, the artificial Days are unequal, and the Inequality is the greater, as the Place is lefs diftant from the frigid Zone. See Day.

4 . Where the temperate Zones terminate on the frigid* the height of the Pole is equal to the Sun's diilance from the Pole, when in the neighbouring Tropic, and, confe- quently once a Tear, the Sun in its diurnal Motion performs an entire Revolution, without going down under the Horizon.

5°. Every where in a frigid Zone, the height of the Pole is greater than the leaft diilance of the Sun from the Pole ; and therefore during fome Revolutions of the Earth, the Sun is at a diilance from the Pole lefs than the Pole's height ; and during all that time, does not fet, nor fo

much as touch the Horizon Where the diilance from

the Pole, as the Sun recedes from it, exceeds the height of the Pole, or Latitude of the Place ; the Sun rifes or fets every natural Day. See Day, Night, Rising, Set- ting, £5?c.

ZONNAR, a Term corrupted from the vulgar Greek £avde/ t of £»fj), a Girdle.

The Zonnar is a kind of Belt or Girdle of black Leather, which the Chriirians and Tews of the Levant, particularly thofe \x\Afia and the Territories of the Grand Signor, are> obliged to wear 5 to diitinguiib. themfelves from the Maho-

It was Motavakkcl Xth Kalif of the Houfe of the AlaJJi- des that fir it enjoined the Chriftians, &C. to wear the Zon- nar- The Ordonnance to this effect was publifhed

t,d the Stars having a Motion from Weil: to Eaft, thofe Constellations no longer correfpond to their proper Signs •, whence aiifes what we call the {precejjion of the Equinoxes. See Precession.

When a Star, therefore, is faid to be in fuch a Sig7i of comprehending what relates to the Form, Structure, Me- the Zodiac, it is not to be understood of the Sign, or Con- thod of Living, Feeding, Propagating, £S?C, of the divers ikllationof the Firmament; butonly of that twelfth Part Species of Brute Creatures. See Natural Hijlory.

in the Year of the I/cgira 235.

Hence, as moil of the Chriftians of Syria, Mefofiotamia, &c. are either Nejlorians, or Jacobites 1, thofe Sectaries, are often call'd Chnftians of the Girdle. See Girdle.

ZOOLOGIA, Zoology, a Difcourfe or Treatife upon Animals or living Creatures. See Animal.

Zoology makes a considerable Article in Natural Hifiory ;

of the Zodiac, or 2)odecatory thereof. See Sign, Star, and Dodecatory.

The ward Zodiac is form'd from the Greek {Zov, an Ani- mal ; by reafon of the Conftellations therein : Others de- rive it from i^e-jti, Life 5 from an Opinion that the Planets have a great Influence on Animal Life.

CaJJini has alfo obferv'd a Tra£l in the Heavens, within whole Bounds molt of the Comets, tho* not all of them, are obferved to keep j which, for this reafon, he calls the Zodiac of the Comets. See Com et.

This he makes as broad as the other Zodiac, and marks it with Signs or Conftellatinos like that ; as, Antinous, Te- gaftts, Andromeda, Taurus, Orion, the lelfer 'Dog, Hydra, the Centaur, Scorpion, and Sagittary,

ZONE, Zona, in Geography and Aftronomy, a Divi- fion of the Terraqueous Globe with refpeft to the different Decree of Heat found in the different Parts thereof. See Earth and Heat. .

A Zone is the fifth Part of the Surface of the Earth, con- tain'd between two Parallels. See Parallel.

The Word is Greek £» f », q d. Belt, Girdle.

The Zones are denominated Torrid, Frigid, and Tem- perate.

The TorridZme is a Fafcia or Band furrounding the Ter- raqueous Globe, and termina-ed by the two Tropics. See

Tropic. Its breadth, therefore, is_ 46, 58'. The

Equator running through the middle of it, divides it into two equal Parts, each containing 2 3, 23'.

The Word is compounded of £»«, Lite, and Ao>of,Speech, Difcourfe.

ZOOPHORUS, or Zophorus, in the antient Archi- tecture, the fame thing with the Frieze in the Modern. See Frieze.

It was thus call'd in Greek, becaufe antiently adorned with the Figures of Animals 5 from (aov, Animal, and p«f«, I bear. <

The Greeks fometimes alfo call the Zodiac, Zoophorus, becaufe of the Signs or Conilellations therein. See Zodiac.

ZOOPHORiC Column, is a Statuary Column 5 or a Co- lumn that bears or fupports the Figure of an Animal. See Column.

ZOOPHYTA, Zoophytes, Zoophyte, in Natural Hifiory, q.d. Plant-Animal ; a kind of intermediate Body, partaking both of the Nature of aSenfitive and a Vegetable,

Such is the Planta Pudica commonly fuppofed to be 5 tho 5 with little foundation. See Sensitive 'Plant.

The Antients alfo reputed Sponges to be Zoophytes. See Sponge.

The Word is compounded of £•«•, Animal, and ^e/tdc, Plant.

The Fcetus while in the Womb appears to be a real Zoophyta; growing to the Mother by the Funiculus Umbi- licalis, as Plants do to the Earth by their Stem. See Foetus, Embryo, £S?c.

Olearilts mentions a very extraordinary fort of Zoophyte

grow-