Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/1044

 YEA

29 5 5. Shebat, 50 ; 6. Adar, 29 s 7. Veadar, in the Em- bolimic Year, 30 5 8. Nifan, 30 ; 9. Ijar, 19 ; 10. Sivan, 305 11. 'tamua, 29, 12. j®, 305 13. JSfe/, 19.

Syrian Year is a Solar Tear, having its beginning fixed to the beginning of OQober in the Julian Tear 5 from which it only differs in the Names of the Months, the Quantities being the fame 3 as follows :

1. Tifhrin, anfwering to our OtJober, and containing 31 Days 5 2. Latter T'ijbrin, containing, like our November ',

30 5 3. Canun, 5134- Latter Canun, 31 5 5. Shabat, 28 3 if. ^i«r, 31 5 7. Nifati, 30; 8. Aiyar, 31 5 si.Haziram, 503 10. *tamuz, 31 5 11. Jib, 31 5 n. Elul, 30:

SPer/?«» Year, is a Solar »«»" of 355 Days, confiding of twelve Months of 30 Days each, with 5 Mujleraka, or In- tercalary Days added at the end.

The Months are as follow: 1. Afrudia meh 5 2. .Avfr- fe/c/jf meh ; 3. Can* meh ; 4. Thir meh 5 5. Merded meh 5 6". Schabarir meh 5 7. Mehar meh 5 8. -rffes meh 5 9. .4- &j"meh; 10. Di meh ; 11. Behen meh 5 12. Affirer meh.

This Tear is call'd the Tezdegerdic Tear, to diftinguiih it from the fixed Solar 2"e<«r, call'd the Gelalean Tear, which the *Perfians began toufein theTear 1079 3 and which was form'd by an Intercalation made fix or feven times in four Tears, and then once every fifth Tear.

The Yezdegcrdic Tear, it may be obferved, is the fame with Nabonajfar's Tear — As to the Gelalean Tear, 'tis abfo- lutely the belt and jutted of all the Civilian yet invented, as being found by Calculation to keep the Solftices and Equi- noxes precifely to the fame days, and anfwering very accu- rately to the Solar Motions, which no other Civil Tear does, not even the Gregorian, for want of fo commodious an In- tercalation.

Arabic and Turkijh Year, is a Lunar Tear, confiding of twelve Months, which contain alternately, 30 and 29 Days.

Tho', fometimes it contains thirteen Months 5 theNames, Sic. whereof are as follow : 1. Muharram, containing 30 Days 3 2. Sapbar, 29 5 3. Rabia, 30 3 4. Latter Rabia,

29 j 5. Jornada, 30 5 6. Latter Jornada, 29 5 7. Rajab,

30 5 8. Shasban, 29 5 9. Samadan, 30 5 io- Shawal, 29 3 11. Dulkaadah, 305 12- Dulheggia, 29 5 and in the

Embolimic Tear, 30. An Intercalary Day is added

every 2d, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 15th, iSth, 21ft, 24th, 2tfth, 29th, in a Cycle of 1.9 Tears.

Ethiopic Year, is a Solar Tear perfectly agreeing with the ABiac, except in this, that the Names of the Months

are different It commences with the Egyptian Tear,

on the 29th of Auguftof the JulianZear.

Its Months are, i. Mafcaram ; 2. lykymt ; %.Uydar; 4. Typas 5 5. fyr 5 6. Jacatit 5 7. Magabit 5 Z.Mijazia; c/.Ginbat; 10. .yyBe 5 n.Hamle; 12. Hahafe. Interca- lary Days 5.

Metonic Year,

ABiac Year,

Attic Ye. mi., >'See

Tezdegerdic Year, '

Gelalean Year,

Nabonajfar's Year,

Sabbatic Year, A»ihSabbitico!, among the An- tients, was every feventh Tear 5 during which, the yews let their Land lie at reft. See Sabbath.

Every feventh Sabbatic Tear, i. e. every 49th Tear was call'd the rear of Jubilee; and held with Solemnity extra- ordinary. See Jubilee.

CIimaBericYe.hR, f cClimacteric.

^Platonic, or great Yn&R, > See < Platonic.

Iearj/* Hegira, J CHegira.

New YEAR's Day, or the Day wherein the Year com- mences, has always been very different, in different Nations , and yet in all held in great Veneration.

Among the Romans, the firft andlaft Day were confecra- ted to Janus 3 on which account it was, that they repre- sented him with two Faces.

To them we owe the Ceremony of wifhing a happy new

Tear 5 which appears to be very antient Before the firft

day was fpent, they not only vifited and complimented each other, but alfo prefented Strenfi, and offer'd Vows to the Gods for the Prcfervation of each other. — Lucian repre- sents it as a Practice of a very antient Handing even in his Time 5 and refers it to Numa. See Stren^, Vota, (&,

Ovid intimates the fame Ceremony in the beginning of his Fafii ."

Voftera lux oritur linguifque animifque favete Nunc dicenda bono, funt bona verba die.

And Tlini, more exprefly, Lib. XXVIII. cap. I. <Pri- mum ami incipientis diem letis prccationibm invicem faujlum ominautur.

C387 3

YEL

The Civil or Legal Tear, in England, commences on the Day of the Annunciation, i. e. on the 25th day of March ; tho' the Hiftorical Tear begins on the Day of the Circurn- cifion, i. e. the firft of January, on which day the German

and Italian Year alfo begins Stow obferves that

William the Conqueror, having been crown 'd on the firft of January, that thenceforth became the firft of the Tear for Hi- iforians, Sic. Tho' in all Civil Affairs they tetain'd the antient manner of accounting, which began with the 25th of March. See Circumcision, Nativity, Sic.

The part of the Tear between thofe Terms is ufually ex- preffed both ways, as 172 H i 01172* Since the Con- queror, the King's Patents, Charters, Proclamations, Sic are ufaally dated by the Tear of the King's Reign.

The Church, as to her folemn Service, begins the Tear on the firft Sunday in Advent, which is always that next St. Andrew's Day, orthe3othof November. See Advent.

The Jews, as moft other Nations of the Eaft, had a Civil Tear which commenced with the new Moon in September 5 and an Ecclefiaflic Tear, which commenced from the new Moon in March.

The French Tear, during the Reigns of the Merovingian Race, began on the Day wherein theTroops werereview'd 3

which was the firft day of March Under the Carlo-

vingians it began on Cbriftmas-day 5 and under the Cape- tians\ on Eafter-day 5 which, therefore, varied between the 22d of March and the 25th of April.

And this is drill the beginning of their Ecclefiaflic T&w— But for the Civil, CharleslX. appointed in 1554, that for the future it fhould commence on the firft of January.

"The Mahometans begin their Tear the Minute the Sun enters Aries—— The 'Perfians in the Month anfwering to

our June The Chinefe, and rooft of the Indians, begin

it with the firft Moon in March The Brachmans begin

it with the new Moon in April ; on which day they hold a Feaft call'd Samwat Saradi 'Pauduga, if. d. Feaft of

New-Year's Day The Mexicans, according to d'Acoffa,

begin the Tear on our 23d of February, when the Leaves begin to grow green. That Tear confifts of iS Months of so Days each: which making 360 Days, the remaining five days are fpent in Mirth, and no Bufinefsfuffer'd to bedone,

nor even any Service at the Temples. Alvarez relates

much the fame of the Abyfjtnians 5 who begin their Tear on the 26th of Augllfl, and have five idle Days at the end,

which they call Tagomen. At Rome there are two ways

of computing the Year 3 the one beginning at the Nativity of our Lord: This the Notaries ufe, dating a Nativitate. The other m March, on occafion of the Incarnation : And 'tis by this the Bulls are dated, Anno Incarnationis. The Greeks begin their Tear of the World from the firft of

-MetonicK«/\ .Greek Tear. /Greek Tear.

\PERSIAN2'£flC

'Persian Tear. ■ Egyptian Tear.

Years are alfo diftinguiih' d with regard to the Epo- cha's whence they are number'd : Thus, Tears of out Lord, are thofe reckon'd from the Birth of Jefus Chrift 8 which are now 1727. Tears of ' the World are thofe elapfed

fince the Creation, which Scaliger makes to be 5675. .

Tears of Rome, of the Hegira of Nabonafjar, &c. See the difference bstween thefe Ytt^xa tinder the Article Epocha.

YEAR and Day, in Law, Sic. is a Time that determines a Right in many Cafes, and is in fome an Ufucaption, and in others aPrefcription. See Prescription, Sic.

Thus in the Cafe of an Eftray, if the Owner, Proclama- tion being made, challenge it not within that time, it is forfeit.

In like manner is the Tear and Day given in Cafes of Appeal, of Defcent, after Entry or Claim, of Non-claim upon a Fine, or Writ of Right, of the death of a Man fore bruis'd or wounded 3 of Protections, Effoins, in refpect of the King's Service 3 of a Wreck, Sic.

YEAR-day and Wajle, is a part of the King's Prerogative, wheteby he challenges the Profits of the Lands and Tenements of Perfons attainted for Petit-Treafon, or Fe- lony for the Space of a Tear and a Day.

Not only this, but at the end thereof he may waffe the Tenements, deftroy the Houfes, root up the Woods, Gar- dens, Pafture, and plough up the Meadows, unlefs the Lord of the Fee agree with him for the Redemption of fuch Wafte. -

YEARN, in Hunting, fignifies to bark, as Beagles pro- perly do, at their Prey. SeeHuNTiNo.

YELLOW, a bright Colour, reflefling the moft Light of any, after White. See Colour andLiGHT.

There are divers yellow Subftances that become white upon wetting and drying them again fcveral times at the Sun: As Wax, Linnen-Cloth, tic. See Bleaching 5 fee alfo Hair, Whitening, Sic.

The fame Bodies, if they be already white, and continue a long time in the Air without being wetted 3 lumyellow.

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