Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/104

 LIN

LINE, in Fencing, Is that directly oppofite to the Ene- my, wherein the Shoulders, the right Arm, and the Sword ought always to be found ; and wherein are alfo to be placed the two Feerat the diftance of 18 Inches from each other. In this fenfe a Man is laid to be in his Line, tu go out of his Line, &c.

LINE, in Fortification, is fometimes taken for a Ditch bordered with its Parapet, and fometimes for a Row of Gabions, or Sacks of Earth, extended in Length on the Ground, to ferve as a Shelter againll the Enemies Fire. Thus they fay, when the Trenches were carried on within thirty Paces of the Glacis, they drew two Lines, one on the Right, and theotheron the Left, for aPlace of Anns. Line fundamental is the firll Line drawn for the Plan of a Place, and which /hews its Area. Line Capital is that which is drawn from the Angle of the Gorge to the An- gleof theBaftion. LineCogritel is that which is drawn from the Angle of the Center to that of the Baflion. Line of Defence, is that which reprefents the Courfe of the Bullet of any fort of Fire-Arms, more efpecially of a Mufquet-Eall, according to the Situation which it ought to have to defend the Face of the BatHon. Line of Defence Fixed, orFicbant, isthat which is drawn from the Angle of the Curtain to the flank'd Angle of the oppofite Baliions, but yet without touching the Face of the Baf- tion. This mult never exceed Soo Feet,which they reckon the Diilance at which a Mufquet-Ball will do Execution. Line of Defence Razant, is that which being drawn from a certain Point of its Curtain, razeth the Face of the op- pofite Baftion ; this is alfo called the Line of Defence, Stringent, or Flanking. Li-m of Approach, or Attack* fig- nifies the Work which the Befiegers carry on under Co- vert, to gain the Moat, and the Body of the Place. Line cf CiYcumvallauoTi, is a Line or Trench cut by the Befie- gers within Cannon-Shot of the Place, which rangeth round their Camp, and fecures its Quarters againft the Relief of the Bcfiegcd. Line of ContravaHation is a Ditch bordered with a Parapet, which ferves to cover the Befiegers on the Side of the Place, and to flop the Sallies of the Garifon. Lines of Communication are thofe which run from one Work to another j but the Line of Communication* more efpecially fo call'd, is a continued Trench, with which a Circumvallation, or Contravalla- tion, is furrounded, and which maintains a Communica- tion with all its Forts, Redoubts, and Tenailles. Line of theBafe is a right IJ.ne, which joins the Points of the two neareft Baftions. To line a Work, is toftrengthen a Rampart with a firm Wall, or to encompafs a Parapet or Moat with good Turf, £5c.

LINE Geometrical, in Perfpective, is a right Line drawn in any manner on the Geometrical Plane. Line Ttr>e) 't^ial, or Horizontal, in Perfpe&ive, is a right Line, wherein the Gecmetrical Plane and that of the Picture or Draught intcrfect one another. Line of the Front, in Perfpective, is any right Line parallel to the Terrejtrial Line. Line Vertical in Perfpective, is the common Sec- tion of the Vertical and of the Draught. Line Vtfual is thei-i«e or Ray imagined to pafs from the Object to the Eye. Line of Station in Perfpective, according to fome Writers, is the common Section of the "Vertical and Geometrical Planes ; others mean by it the perpendicu- lar Height of the Eye above the Geometrical Plane ; others a Line drawn on that Plane, and perpendicular to the Line, expreffing the Height of the Eye. Line Ob- jeB'tve, in Perfpective, is the Line of an Object, from whence the Appearance is fought for in the Draught or Picture.

LINE of Gravitation of an heavy Body, is a Line drawn thro' its Centre of Gravity, and according to which it tends downwards.

LINE, Horizontal, in Dialling, is the common Sec- tion of the Horizon, and the Dial-Plane. Line Horary, or the Hour-Lines, are the common Interferons of the Hour-Circlesof the Sphere, with the Plane of the Dial. Line Subftylar, is that Line on which the Style or Cock of the Dial is erected, and is the Reprefentation of fuch an Hour-Circle as is perpendicular to the Plane of that Dial. Line Lqit'moBial, in Dialling, is the common Interfection of the Equino&ial, and the Plane of the Dial.

LINE of Meafures ', fo Nr.Otightred calls the Diame- ter of the Primitive Circle in the Projection of the Sphere in Piano, or that Line in which the Diameter of any Cir- cle to be projected falls. In the Stereographick Projec- tion of the Sphere in Tlano, it is that Lme in which the Plane of a great Circle perpendicular to the Plane of the Projection, and that oblique Circle, which is to be projected, interfects the Plane of the Projection ; or it is the common Section of a Plane, patting thro' the Eye- Point, and the Centre of therPrimitive ; and at right An- gles to any oblique Circle which is to be projected, and

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in which the Centre and Pole of fuch Circle will f>e found.

LINE of thefwiftefi Defcent of an heavy Body, isthat Curve which a Body would defcribe in its Defcent, if it moved the fwifteft poflible.

LINE of the Jp/ides, in Aftronomy, is the Line which joins the Apfides, or the greater Axis of the Orbit of * Planet. See Apfides.

LINE FIDUCIAL. See Fiducial Line.

HORIZONTAL LINE, a Lme Parallel to the Hori- zon. See Horizon.

MERIDIAN LINE. _ SeeMeridian*

LINE of the Nodes, in Aftronomy, is the Line which joins the Nodes of the Orbit of a Planet, or the commori Section of the Plane of the Orbit with the Plane of the Ecliptic. See Nodes.

LINE of a Projeaile. See ProjeBUe.

LINES on the Plain Scale, are the Line of Chords, Line of Sines, Line of Tangents, Line of Secants, Line of Semi-Tangents, Line of Longitude. The Conftruction and Application whereof, fee under the word Plain Scale,

LINES owGunter'j Scale, a,re,the Line of Numbers, £.*'»« of Artificial Sines, Line of Artificial Tangents, Line of Artificial Verfed S'mes,Line of Artificial Sines of Rhumbs, Line of Artificial Tangents of the Meridian Line, and Line of equal Parts. The Conftruction and Application whereof, fee under the Word Gamer's Scale.

LINES oftheSeBor, are, theZ*«e of equal Parts, or Lme of Lines, Line of Chords, Line of Sines, Line of Tangents, Line of Secants, Line of Polygons, Line of Numbers, Ltne of Hours, Line of Latitudes, Line of Meridians, Line of Metals, Line of Solids., Line of Planes. The Conftruction and Ufe whereof, fee under the word SeBor.

LINES Converging. See Converging Lines,

LINES Diverging. See Diverging Lines.

LINES Proportional, the Manner of contracting them, their Properties, e5c. See Proportional Lines.

LINES Reciprocal. See Reciprocal.

LINEA ALBA, in Anatomy, is the Concourfe of the Tendons of the oblique and tranfverfe Mufcles, dividing the Abdomen in two, in the middle It is called Linea 9 Line, as being flrait, and Alba from its Colour, which is white. It receives a Twig of a Nerve from the Intercof- tals in each of its Digitations or Indentings, which are vi- fible to the Eye, in lean Perfons efpecially.

LINEAMENT, a fine Stroke or Line obferved in the Face, and forming the Delicacy thereof; being that which preferves the Refemblance, and occafions the Relation of Likenefs or Unlikenefs to any other Face. 'Tis by thefe that the Phyfiognomitrs pretend to judge of the Temper and Manners of People. The word Lineament is ufed by the Painters for the Out-Line of a Face.

LINEAR PROBLEM, in Mathematicks, is fuch art one as may be folved Geometrically by the Interferon of two right Lines 5 as to meafure an inacceffible Height by the means of two unequal Sticks, &c. This is alfo called a Simple Problem, and is capable but of one Solution. Lmear Numbers are fuch as have Relation to Length, only, as fuch as reprefentone Side of a Plane Figure; if the Plane Figure be a Square, the Linear Number is called a Root.

LINE-SEED, a Grain, that has feveral ufeful Proper- ties. It enters the Composition of feveral Medicines, and yields, by Expreflion, an Oil that has molt of the Qua- lities of Nut-Oil, and is accordingly fometimes ufed in lieu thereof in Painting, and to burn. That drawn with- out the Afliftance of Fire, is of much Efleem in Madi- cine, and fuppofed good in the Cure of feveral Difeafes.

LINGOT, or INGOT, a Bar or Piece of Gold, Sil- ver, $S>c. from the Mines, melted down, but not coined or wrought.

L'mgot, is alfo a Term in Chymiftry, for the Molds they make tocaft melted Metals, or the Regulusof Antimony, £S?c. into.

LINGUA, the Tongue, in Anatomy, an oblong Mem- ber, whofe Form and Situation are fuffkiently known, and whofe Ufe is to be the Organ of Tafte, and the principal Inflrument of Speech and Deglutition, It is fattened to the Os Hyoides, the Larynx, and to the Fauces $ by means of a membranous Ligament running along the lower Side of it, about half way, called the Framwm* See Os Hyoides, &c.

The main Bulk and Body of the Tongue is made up of Mufcles, which are covered on the upper Part with a papillar nervous Subflance, over which are fpread two Membranes. The outer of thefe Membranes is pretty thick and fliort, and full of PafilU, of a Pyramidal Fi- gure, efpecially towards the Pip h which Papill* Hand pointing towards the Root of the Tongue in a bending Poflure j which makes their Figure to be Concavo-convex.

Thefe