Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/1034

 woo

Xef, Simon Gediceus, a Lutheran Divine, wrote a ferious Confutation of this Piece, in 1595 ; wherein he reftores the Women to the Expectation of Heaven on their good Con- ditions.

The antient Marcionites allow'd their Women to baptize ;

as we are aflured by tit. Epiphanius, Ha;r. 42. c. 4. The

Montanijls admitted Women to trie Priefthood, and even the Epifcopate. Epiph. Hsr.49. c. 2. The modern Qua- kers alfo permit their Women to preach and prophefy on an equal footing with the Men. See Marcionite, Mon- tanist, and Quaker.

'Tis a Point much controverted, how far, Learning and Study become the Sex. — Erafmus handles the Queflion at large in one of his Letters to Sltdeus : Lud. fives in his In- fiitutio Fcemime Chrifiian£ has a Chapter exprefs on the fame Subject. Madam Schurman, a learned German Lady, has gone beyond 'em both, in 3 Treatife on this Problem 5 Nam Fcemime Chriftiand conveniat fiudium Liter arum ?

Several of the Women remarkable for Learning have been alfo dillinguifh'd for their want of Conduct : The Reafon, no doubt, lay in this, that their firft Studies lying in Books of Gallantry and Intrigue, the Imagination was early turn'd that way, and the Memory fill'dwith a fort of Ideas, which a favourable Difpofition and Age adopted too eafily, and im- proved roo fall— 'Tis not that Study in itfelf, has any natural tendency to produce (uch Effefis ; rather the contrary : The clofe abftraaed Refearchcs of Metaphyfks, Logics, Mathe- matics, Phyfics, Criticifm, i£c. no doubt, would be one of the fureft Means to fecure, and eftablilh. the Virtue of Con- tinency in a Woman.

A Woman in England, as foon as /he is married, with all her Moveables, is wholly in poteflate viri, at the Will and Difpofalof her Husband. See Feme.

There are divers confiderable things relating to Women, in the Laws of England ; which fee under the Article Wife.

WONDER ; feeMiRActE.

The Seven Wonders of the World, as they are popularly call'd, were, the Egyptian Pyramids ; the Maufikmn e- refled by Artemifa ; the Temple of Tliana at Ephefus; the Walls and hanging Gardens of the City of Babylon ; the ColoCfus or Brazen Image of the Sun at Rhodes ; the Statue of Jupiter Olympus ; and the Pharos or Watch- Tower of 'Ptolemy 'Philadelphia. See Pyramid, Mau- soleum, Colossus, Pharos, tifc.

WOOD, Lignum, a folid Subilance, whereof the Trunks and Branchesot Trees are form'd ; and deriving its Growth from certain Juices in the Earth. See Trunk, Branch,^.

The Wood is all that part, in a Tree, included between the Bark and the Pith. See Tree and Bark.

Dr. Gre-Jl, in his Anatomy of Plants, has difcover'd, by means of the Microfcope, that what we call Wood in a Vegetable, notwithltanding all its Solidity, is only an aflem- blage of infinite minute Canals, or hollow Fibres, fome of which rife from the Root upwards, and are difpofed in form of a Circle ; and the others, which he cMshiftrtions, tend horizontally from the Surface to the Centre; fo that they crofs each other, and are interwove like the Threads of a Weaver's Web. See Vec station, Sap, e°t;.

Woods are dillinguifh'd into divers Kinds; with regard to their Natures, Properties, Virtues, and Ulcs.

Of Wcou, confider'd according to its Qualities, whether TJfeful, Curious, Medicinal, ifc. the Principal is that call'd •timber, ufed in building Houfes, laying Floors, Roofs, Machines, iio. See Timber. ' . '

Woods valued on account of their Cunofity, are -.Cedar, Ebony, Sox, Calembouc, &c. which, by reafon of their ex- traordinary Hardnefs, agreeable Smell, or beautiful 1 olifh, are made into Tables, Combs, Beads, &C. See Ebony,

The Medicinal Woods are Guaiac, which the Spaniards call Ligno SanBo ; Aloes or Agillochum, SaJJaJraft, Ne- phriticum, Santal, Sarfaparilla, Afpalathum, Eagle Wood or Pao tCAquilla, &c. See Aloes, Sassafras, iSc.

Woods ufed in Dying, are the Indian Wood,SraJil, Cam- ieche,Sic. See Brasil, tSc

CordWoov \sW00d for the Fire, generally made of the Branches or Loppings of Trees, piled up in Order.

This is limited to be below feventeen Inches, and above fix Inches thick, and at leaft three Foot and a half long. See Cord.

FofTtl or Subterraneous Wood 1 here are divers

Places where Hood is found under ground: Whether over- turn^ and buried there from the time of the Deluge, as many fuppofe ; or whether form'd and produced there, as Tcms known to be. See Fossil, Jet, tic.

Not long ago, there were found in England, at above a hundred Foot depth, feveral huge Oaks with all their Bran ches on.and which, by their fubterraneous Situation, had con- traaed a black Colour, nothing inferior to Jet, join d with a

Hardnefs which far furpaa'd that of any living Oak. Tis

kard to conceive how fuch Trees fhould come thete, unlefs

[377]

WOO

by a general Subversion of the whole terreflri.il Globe at theFlood. See Deluge.

Mr. 'Boyle mentions a huge Oak Hug out of a Salt-Mine in 1'ranfilvania, fo hard as not eafily to be wrought on by Iron-Tools ; yet being expofed to the Air out of the Mine, became fo rotten, that in four days it crumbled between the Fingers. fDijfert. de Admlr. Hung. And Mr. Derham obferves the fame of the Trees lately turn'd up by the Breaches at 7)agenham t &c. Whf. Iranf, N° 335. See Moss.

WOOD, Sylva, in Geography, a Multitude of Trees, extended over a large continued Track of Land, and propa- gated without Culture. See Forest.

The generality of Woods, only coniift of Trees of one Kind.

At Cape Verd in Africa are Woods of Orange and Lemoa

Trees; in Ceylou are li 'oods of Cinnamon Trees ; in the Molucca Hlands Hoods of Caroway Trees; in the HUnds of Nero, Lontour, Lofgain, &c. Woods of Nutmeg Trees ; in Srajil, Woods of Brufil Trees, &c. in Numidia, Moods of Date Trees ; in Mcdagafcar, Woods of Tamarind Trees, ££?<?. '

WOOD and WOOD, in the Sea-Language, is when two Pieces of Timber are fo let into each other, that the Wood of the one joins clofe to the other.

WOOD-GELD, Woodgeldum, in our antient Cufloms,

the gathering or cutting of Wood within the Forefl Or

it may denote the Money paid for the fame, to the Forefters. Sometimes it alfo feems to fignify an Immunity from this Payment by the King's Grant.

Crompton fays exprefly, it Signifies to be free from the Payment of Money, for taking of Wood in a Foreft. See Geld.

WooD-i/zy, an antient Cuflom at Exeter ; whereby a Log outot every Seam" of Wood brought over Ex Bridge, is taken towards the Reparation of that Bridge. Antiq.of Exeter.

Wood-CV«, is a certain Quantity of Oats, or other Grain, antiently given by cuftomary Tenants to their Lord, for the liberty to pick up dead or broken Wood.

Wood Zi3??//j, are Places where there are many Woods — > the Word is alio more generally taken to iignify inclofed Countries.

WooD-ilfotc, the antient Name of that For 'ft-Court, now call'd the Court of Attachment. See Attachment and Forest.

VJooxi-T lea- Court, is a Court held twice a Year in the Foreir. ofCltm \x\Shroffhire, for determining all Matters re- lating to Wood, and the feeding of Cattel there. Per-

haps it was originally the fame with Wood- Mote-Court.

WOODWARD, an Officer of the Forett, whofe fundion it is to obferve any Offences either in Vert, or Venifon, com- mitted within his Charge ; and to prefent the fame ; and in cafe any Deer are found kill'd or hurt, to inform the Ver- derer thereof, and prefent 'em at the next Court of the Foreft. S„-e Forest.

Woodwards may not walk with Bows and Shafts, but with Foreft-BUts. Aram & Calmms geflare in Forefta non licet t fed {tit refcripti utarVerbo) Hachetiimtautummodo. Term. Hil- An. 13 Ed. 3.

WOOF, among Manufacturers, the Threads which the Weavers fhoot a-crofs, with an Inlirument call'd the Shltttle y between the Threads of the Warp 5 to form the Web. See Warp, Web, Weaving, &c*

The Woof is of different Matter, according to the Piece to

be wrought In Taffaty both ?f oof and Warp are Silk.

See Taffaty.

In Mohairs the Woof is ufualty Wool, and the Warp Silk

In Sattins the Wurp is frequently Flax, and the Woof

Silk. See Cloth, Serge, Satin, Velvet, £S>c.

WOOL, the Hair, ot Covering of Sheep; which, wafli'd, fhorn, drefs'd, comb'd, fpun, wove, &c. makes divers kinds of Stuffs, Cloths, &c. for Apparel, Furniture, &c. See HAiRand Manufacture.

While the Wool remains in the State it was firft fhorn off the Sheep's Back, and not forted into its different Kinds, it is call'd Fleece. See Fleece.

Each Fleece confilts of Wool of divers Qualities and De- grees of Finenefs, which the Dealers therein take care to fe pa rate.

The French and Evglip ufually feparato each Fleece into three Sorts 3 viz. I. Mother-Wool, which is that of the Back and Neck. 2. The, Moot of the Tails and Legs. 3. That of the Breaft and under the Belly.

The Spaniards make the like divifion into three Sorts, which they call Prime, Second, and Third; and for the greater Eafe, denote each Bale orl'ack with a Capital Let- ter denoting the Sort If the Triage or Separation be

well made, in fifteen Bales there will be twelve mark'd R, that is, Refine or Prime ; two mark'd F, for Fine or Se- cond ; and one S, for Thirds.

The Wools molt efteem'd are the Englip ,chkf{y thole about

Eeominjter,Cotfivold, and the lue of Wight ; the Spamp,\>x'm-

cuallythofs about Segovia ; and the ffiencfa about Berry ;

Dddt. ! d whicia