Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/1024

 WIL

The La* fuppofes in the Husband, the full Power over tasmfe, as over his Child or Servant; and therefore he mufi anfwcr for all her Faults, and Trefpaffes.

Ha Wife bring forth a Child during her Husband's Ab- sence, tho' of many Years ; yet if he lived all the time filter quatuor Marin, within the Ifland, he muff father the Child; and the Child, if firft born, iliall inherit. '

If a Wife bring forth a Child begot by a former Huf- band, or any other Fetfon, before Marriage, but born after Marriage with another Man ; this latter muft own the Child; and that Child iliall be his Heir at Law.

The Wife, after her Husband's Death, having no Join- tare fettled before Marriage, may challenge the thitd part of his yearly Rents of Land during her Life 5 and within the City of London, a third part of all her Huf- band's Moveables for ever.

The Wife partakes of the Honours, and Condition of her Husband ; but none of the Wife's Dignities come by Mar- riage to her Husband.

Yet, the Husband, for getting his Wife with Child which muft appear by its being born alive, iliall have all his Wives Lands for Life.

The Englifij Laws are generally clteem'd by Foreigners, as very hard in refpecr. of the Women ; and yet Chamber- lain is of a very different Sentiment, aflerting that the Condition of Wives in England is better than in any other Country. '

Tertullian hts two Books on the Ornaments and Attire

of Wives — ■ In the fecond he labours to prove, that a

Chriftian Wife cannot in confeience endeavour to pleafc by her Beauty, which ilie knows to be naturally liable to raife looieDefircs; and that flie ought not only to avoid all af- fected Beauty, but even to conceal and cover her natural Beauty.

Mid-Wn-n, Obftetrix. See Delivery, Foetus, i$c. See alio Virginity.

WILDERNESS, feeDisAKT, Grove, Wood, He.

WILD-PYre, Ignis Gregalis, or Grtecw, See Fire.

Wild -Fire Arrows, fuch as are trimmed with Wild- Fire, and iliot burning, to flick in the Sails or Rigging of Ships in a Fight.

WiED-Rre, is alfo a Difeafe in Cattel ; which is infec- tious, deadly, and even reputed incurable. See Mur- rain.

WILL, Voluntas, is ufually defined a Faculty of the Mind, whereby it embraces or rejects any thing reprefen- ted to it as Good or Evil by the Judgment. See Facul- ty, Good, Evil, i£c.

Others will have it to be the Mind itfclf, confider'd as embracing or refilling ; adding, that as the Underftanding is nothing elfe but the Soul, confider'd as -perceiving; fo the Will is nothing elfe but the Soul confider'd as Willing, £5c. See Understanding.

Mr. Locke more intelligibly defines the Will a Faculty, which the Soul has of beginning, or forbearing, continu- ing, or ending feveral Actions of the Mind, and Motions of the Body, barely by a Thought or Preference of the Mind, ordering, or, as it were, commanding the doing, or

not doing fuch and fuch a particular Action ■ — This

Power the Mind has, to order the Consideration of any Idea, or the ^forbearing to confider it ; or to prefer the Motion of any part of the Body to its Hefl, and vice ver- fa, is what we call theWill. See Power.

The aft ual Exercife of that Power, is what we call Voli- tion, or Willing; and the doing or forbearing any Action confequent on iuch Order of the Mind, is call'd Voluntary. Sec Volition, Voluntary, ££?g.

Father Mallei/ranch lays it down, that the Will is that to the Soul, which Motion is to the Body ; and argues,That as the Author of Nature is the univerfal Cauie of all the Motions in Matter, fo he is of all the Inclinations in the Mind : and that as all Motions are direct, unlefs their Courfe be diverted and chang'd by fome foteign Caufe ; fo all Inclinations are right, and could have no other End, but the Enjoyment of Truth and Goodnefs, were there not fome foreign Caufe to determine the natural lmpteflion to evil Ends.

Accordingly, he defines Will to be the Impreffion, or na- tural Motion, which carries us towards Good indeterminate- ly, and in the general ; and the Power the Mind has to direct this general Impreflion towards any particular Ob- ject that pkafes it, is what he calls Liberty, See Liberty jmd Necessity.

Ariftotlc diftinguiihes two kinds of Acts of the Will 5 viz- /3k/\h7/1', Willing, Volition ; aod 'B&utpwv, Elet7ion~— The firft, that employ'd about the ultimate End ; the lat- ter, about the Means.

The Schoolmen alfo diflinguifh the Actions of the Will jnto Elicit and Commanded Elicit Arts, Atliones Eli- cits, are thofe immediately produe'd by the Will, as real- ly inherent therein ; fuch are Willing and Killing -Com- manded Acts, Atliones JmperQtie, are Effects produe'd by

C tfl ]

WIN

otner Powers, V gr. the Senfitive, Intellective, or Loco- motive Powers, at the Command or lnftigation of the Will — —As to follow, flay, fight, fly, ($c. See Action.

But others will have the former kind properly to belong to the Underftanding ; and only the latter, to the Will.

The Word Will is taken in three Senfes : i°. For the Power, or Faculty of Willing ; in which fenfe it is, we have confider d it above— 2. For the Act, or Exercife of the Power ; as.when we fay, No Man wills his own Deftrufl ion- s' 3 For a Habit, or a conftant Difpofition and Inclination to do any thing In which fenfe, Juftice is defined a con- ftant Witt to give every one what belongs to him : Juftitia eft conftans i$ ferpma Voluntas jus fuum unicui'que tri- buendi. lnftit. Juttin.

Free-WiLL. See Liberty.

WILL, or Lafi Will, in Law, SJc. a folemn Act, or Inflrument, whereby a Perfon direBs and orders the Dif- pofal of his Goods, Effects, t£c. after his Death.

Wills are of two kinds : A Will in Writing, properly cal- led alfo ■xTeftarmut. See Testament.

And a Will by word of mouth only, call'd a Nuncupative; Will; which being proved by three or more Witneffes, may be of as good force as that in Writing ; except for Lands, which are only devifable by Teftament in Writing during the Life of the Teftator. See Nuncupative.

Will with a Whifp, a Meteor known among the Peo- ple under this Name ; but more ufually among Authors under that of Ignis Fatlius. See Ignis Fatovs.

WIMPLE, of the Dutch Wimpel, a Mufflet, or plaited Linnen Cloth, which Nuns wear about their Neck.

The Word is alfo ufed for a Streamer or Flag. See Flag, e?c.

WIN, in the Beginning or End of the Names of Places, fignifies that lame great Battel was fought, or a Victory gain'd there.

The Word is form'd from the Saxon Wings, Prueliunl, Battel.

WIND, Ventus, a fcnfible Agitation of the Air, where- by a large quantity thereof flows out of one Place or Region into another. See Air.

The Winds are divided mm perennial, flated, and varia- ble — They are alfo divided \nw general, and particular. 'Perennial, or conftant Winds, are fuch as always blow

the fame way. Of thefe we have a very notable one,

between the two Tropicks, blowing conifantly from Eaft to Weft; call'd the general Trade-Wind. See Trade- Wind.

Stated, or periodical Winds, are fuch as conftantly re- turn at certain Times. Such are the Sea and Land- Breezes, blowing from Sea to Land in the Evening ; and from Land to Sea in the Morning. See Breeze.

Such alfo are the jbifting, or particular Trade-Winds, which for certain Months of the Year blow one way, and the rell of the Year the contrary way. See Monsoon.

Variable, or erratic Winds, are fuch as blow now this, now that way ; are now up, now hufh'd, without any Rule, or Regularity, either as to Time or Place.

Such are all the Winds obferv'd in the Inland Farts of Ungland, &c. Tho" feveral of thefe claim their certain

Times of the Day Thus the Weft-Wind is moil frequent

about Noon 3 the South-Wind in the Night; the North in the Morning, Z3c. See Weather.

General Wind is fuch a one, as at the fame time blows the fame way over a very large Tract of Ground, almoft

all the Year Such only is the general Trade-Wind.

But even this has its Interruptions: For, i Q. At Land it is fcarce fenfible at all, as being broke by the Interpofi- tion of Mountains, Valleys, ££c. Z Q. At Sea, near the Shore, it is difturb'd by Vapours, Exhalations, and parti- cular Winds, blowing from Landward ; fo that it is chiedy confider'd as general, only at Mid-Sea : Where, 3. It is liable to be difturb'd by Clouds driven from other Quar- ters.

'Particular Winds Excepting tho general Trade-

Winds, all others are particular.

Thofe particular to one little Canton, or Part, are call'd

Topical, or Provincial Winds Such is the North Wind

on the Weftern Side of the Al}s, which does not blow a- bovc one or two Leagues lengthwife, and much left in breadth : Such alfo is the Pontias in France. See Pon- tias.

Phyfical Caufe of Winds.

Some Philofophers, is Ttes Cartes, Rohanlt, &c, account for the general Wind from the diurnal Rotation of the Earth ; and from this general Wind derive all the particu- lar ones The Atmofphere, fay they, inverting the

Earth, and moving round it; that part will perform its Circuit fooneft, which has the fmalleft Circle to defcribe: The Air, therefore, near the Equator, will require a fome- what longer time to pertorra its Courfe in from Weft to

Eaft