Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/1023

 WHO

1366 1

WIF

White Friars, a Name common to feveral Orders of Monks, from their being clothed in a white Habit. See Monk, Habit, tj?c.

Such are the regular Canons of St. Augujlin, the Pre* W'ftraates, and Bemardias.

White of the Eye, is the firft Tunic or Coat of the Eye, call'd Albuginea, and Conjunctiva, becaufe ferving to bind together or indole the red. See Conjunctiva, ££c.

White hart Silver, Candidi Ccrvi Argentina, a Tributo or Mulct paid into the Exchequer, out of certain Lands in or near the Fored of White- hart; which has continued from Henry the Third's Time, whoimpofed it upon Thomas tie in Linde, for killing a very beautiful white Hart, which that King had purpofely fpared in hunting. See Hart and Hunting.

VJwtl Line, among Printers, avoid Space greater than unial, leftbetweentwoLir.es. SeePaiNTiNG.

White Meats, include Milk, Batter, Checfe.rTOi'/r-Pots, Cudards, and other Foods coming of Mill. See Milk, Food, S$c.

White-?m denotes Milk or Cream baked with the Yolks of Eggi, fine Bread, Sugar, and Spice, in an Earthen- Pot.

The Cooks furni/li us with a Variety of Di/hes under this Form and Denomination; Norfolk White-Pot, Wejiminjler While-Pot, Rice White pot, Sec.

WHiTE&are, in Cookery, a Ssuce made of blanched Almonds, and the Bread of a Capon, pounded together

with Cloves, Cinnamon, $$c.< We alfo hear of White

Broth, being a fort of Broth enriched with Sack, and Spi- ces, having blanched Almonds fcraped into it, and the whule thicken'd with the Yolks of Eggs, He.

White Line; feeLiNEA Alia.

White. Rent, is a Rent or Duty of 8 dm payable yearly, by every Tanner in the County oi Devon, to the Duke of Cornwall.

White Spurs; feeEsc^urRE.

WHITENESS, Albedo, the Quality which denominates t Body whit t. See White andCoLouR.

Sir Ifaac Newton ^ /hews, that Whitenefs cor.nfts in a Mixture of all the Colours; and that the Light of the Sun is white, becaufe confiding of Rays of all Colours. See Kit.

From the multitude of Rings of Colours, which «p-

WHOODINGS, a.l. Hoodings, a Sea-Term, u fed for Planks joined «nd fatlncd along the- Ship's Sides to the' Stern.

WHORE; feoMERETRIX, Hareot, $5c.

WHORLBAT, of the Saxon, Salt and Whirl; 1 kind of Gauntlet, with Straps and leaden Plummets, ufed by the antient Romans in their folemn Games and Excrcifes. See Gauntlet, ££c

This Whorlbat is the fame with what they call'd Ceflm. See Cestus.

WHUR, in Falconry, is the Fluttering of Partridges or Phcsfants, as they rife. See Hawk and Hawking.

W1C, denotes a Place on the Sea-Shore, or on the Bank of a River; tho', in the Saxon, it more properly fignifies a Street, a Village, or Dwelling-Place, alfo > Caftle. See Wyke.

We often meet with it in the Saxon Language as a Termi- nation of the Name of a Town which had a compleat Name without it, as Lunden-wic, that is, London Town,, which fignifies no mora than London; as in the Saxon An- nals it is mentioned, that King JEthdbert made Mellitui

Bimop of Ztt«/fe»-w;'c. So Jpfwich is written in Tome

old Charters Villa de Gippo, and lometimos Villa de Gippo fVico, which is no variance, but the fame thing; for Gipps is the compleat Name, and Gipp-wic is Gipps Town.

WICKER, of the Danifli wiger, or the 'teutonic Wic- kenji Twig of the Ofcr-Shrub. See Vine, Basket, &c.

WICKET, of the French Guichet, a little Door within a Gate; or a Hole in a Door, through which to view what paffes without. See Door.

WICKUFFISTS, or Wickeif»ites, a Religious Sett who had their Rife in England, art! their Name from their Leader John Wickliff, a Profcilbr of Divinity in the Univer- sity of Oxford,

To that immortal Author it is we owe the firft Hint of the great Reformation effeSed ico Years after him. See,

REFORMATION.

Wickliff maintained, that the Subftance of the Sacra- mentalBread and Wine ftilt remained luch after Confecration. He alfo oppofed the Doftrine of Purgatory, Indulgen- ces, the Invocation of Saints, and the Worlhip' of Images.. See Transubstantiation, Purgatory £5?c.

He made an Englijh Vernon of the Bible; and compofed two large Volumes call'd AletMa, that is, -truth; which pear upon Compreffing two Prifms, or Objea-Glaflis w „ the Source whence John Bus firft learn'd mod of his of Tcleicopes together, it Is mamfett, that tbefe do fo Doflnnes. See Hussites. interfere and mingle with one another at lad, as after eight or nine Reflexions to dilute one another wholly, and conditute an even, and umform Whitenefs: Whence, as well as from other Experiments, ir appears, that White- nefs is certainly a Mixture of all Colours, and that the Light which conveys it to the Eye is a Mixture of Rays in- dued wnh -.ill ebofe Colours. See Light.

The fame Author /hews, that Whitenefs, if it be mod drong and luminous, is to be reckon'd of the fitfl Order of Colours; but if lefs, as a Mixture of the Colours of feveral Orders : Of the former fort he reckons white Me- tals; and of the latter, the Whitenefs of Froth, Paper, Linnen, and moil other white Subdances And as the

The Archbi/hop of Canterbury call'd a Council asainft Wickliff, and he was condemn'd therein; but the good Re- former fet the Condemnation at nought After this King

Richard bani/h'd him out of England, but he was aftcr- w»rds recall'd, and died in his own Country in the Yeir 13S4.

Forty Years afterwards, his Docfrine and the Adherers- thereto were condemn'd by the Council of Conftance; in confcmience ot which, his Bones were dug up, and the Council condemn'd him of forty Errors.

WIDOW, Vidua, a Woman that has loft her Husband.. See Woman, Wipe, Husband, c/c.

Some alfo ufc the Term Widower for a Man who has loft

White of the fird Order is the ftrongeft that can be made his Wife. Marriage with a Widow^ is" aTclnd rflfaamY

by Plates of tranfparent Subdances, foit ought to be flron- in the Eye of the Canon-Law. See Bigamy -

he denier Subdances of Metals, than in the rarer

ger in t

ones of Air, Water, and Glafs.

Gold or Copper mixed either by Fufion, or Amalgama- tion with a very little Mercury, with Silver, Tin, of Re- gulus of Antimony, becomes white; which /hews, both that the Particles of white Metals have much more Sur- face, and therefore arefmaller than thofe of Gold or Cop- per; and alfo that they are fo opake, as not to fuffer tho Particles of Gold or Copper to diine through them.— And as that Author doubts not, but that the Colours of Gold and Copper are of the fecond or third Order, therefore the Par- ticles of white Metals cannot be much bigger than is requi- Jite to make them reflect the white of the firft Order. See Particle.

WHITENING; feeBiEACHiNo.

Whitening of Wax. 7 „ 5 Wax.

Whitening of Hair, b cHair.

WHITES, in Medicine; feeFLuoa Alhis.

WHITLOW, in Medicine, a Tumor, by Phygci«»«m- monly call'd Paronychia, See Paronychia.

WH1TSON Farthings * fee Pentecost An a

WH1TSONTIDE— The Seafon properly call'd Pente- cofl, is popularly call'd Wbitfontide; fome fay, becaufe in the Primitive Church, thofe who were newly baptized came to Church between Eafier and Pentecofl in white

Widow of the King, war, /he who, after her Husband's death, being the King's Tenant in Capite, was driven to recover her Dower by the W 'rit de Dote Afftgnanda; and could not marry again without the King's Conlent. See Vl-

UUITY.

Widow flench, ia the County of Suffix, is that Share which a Widow is allow'd of her Husband's Edate befides her Jointure. See Bench.

WIDOWHOOD; fee Viduitt.

WIFE, Uxor, a married Woman; or one join'd with, and under the Proteaion of, 3 Husband. See Woman, Mar- riaoe, and Husband. See alfo Matron, Ji?c.

A Wife in our Englijh Law, is termed Feme Covers; and in the Judgment ot the Law is reputed to have no Will, as being fuppofed entirely under, and fubjea to that of her Husband -. Uxor fidget radiis Mariti. See Feme and Coverture.

If any Goods or Chattels be given her, they all imme- diately become her Haaband's. She cannot let, fell

giveaway, or alienate any thing without her Husband'sCon- fent. Her very neceffary Apparel is not hers in Pro- perty All her perfonal Chattels which /he held at her

Marriage, are fo much her Husband's, that after his Death, they /hall not return to her, but go to the Executor or Ad-

came ro v.nurcn oetween ™,er and Pentecofl ,n white miniftrator of her Husband; except only her Parapherw G j miMS —Wh,tfunday always falls be.w.en the o,h of or Prster-dotalia, being her neceff" y Anna reif which' May, and the 14th ct June, exclufive. See Pente- with the Confent of her Husband, /he may demife b Will'

WHOLE, in Arithmetic, fSc. See Totum; fee alfo Part, Division, Partition, c£c. WHOLESOM; fee Food, Poison, Heaith, i$c.

See Paraphernalia.

The Wife can make no Contraa without her Husband's Confent, and in all Law-Matters, fine Viro refpondere non potejl.

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