Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/1013

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W E A

Inftead of Grafting Wax, the Country Gardeners,^ f$c. only ufe Clay, which they lay over a piece of linen Cloth, and fo keep it moid ; and to prevent its cracking with the heat of the Sun, tic Mofs over it. But the Wax ordinarily ufed, is a Comport of one Pound and an half of Pitch, a quarter of a Pound of Wax, and an Ounce of Oil of Al- monds, melted and mix'd together ; with the Addition, in Spring or Autumn, of a moderate quantity of Turpentine.

For Cleft-Grafting, Whip-Grafting, and Grafting by Ap- proach, Mr. Mortimer recommends temper'd Clay, or foft Wax ; but for Rind-Grafting, Clay and Horfe-dung.

Wax scot, or Wax-shot, Ceraghim, in our antient Cuf- toms, Money paid twice a Year towards the Charge of main- taining Lights, or Candles in the Church. See Luminary.

WAY, Via. See Road, and Via.

Roman Ways, are divided into Confulares, \Pr<elorias,Mi- litares, aai Publicas. See Military, i£c.

We have four notable ones in England ; antiently call'd Chimini quattior, and entitled to the Privileges of Tax Regis.

The firft, Watlmg-ftreci, or Warlam-ftreet, leading from Dover to London, IJunftable, Toncefter, Attcrfton, and the Severn, near the Wrekin in Shropflrirc, extending as far as Jnglefea in Wales.

The fecond call'd lkenild-ftrect, ftrctches from Southamp- ton over the River Ifis at Newbridge, thence by Cambden and Litchfield, then partes the <Derwcnt near Derby, lo to Sol/over Cajlle, and ends at Tinmouth.

The third, call'd Foffe-Way, becaufe in fome Places it was never perfected but lies as a large Ditch ; leads from Corneal thro' Devonjbire, by Tctbury near Stow in the Wolds ; and befide Coventry ro Leiccfter, Newark, fo to Lincoln, &c.

The fourth, call'd Ermin or Erminageftreet, ftrctches from S. David's in Weft-Wales, to Southampton.

Milky Way. See Galaxy.

Way of a Ship, is fometimes ufed for the fame with the Rake, or Run of her forward and aftward on. Sec Rare.

But the Term is more commonly underttood in refpect of her failing. — When fhe goes apace, they fay, fhe hath a good Way ; and they call the Account how faft (he fails by the Log, Keeping an Account of her Way. See Log.

And'becaufe moll Ships are apt to fall a little to the Lee- ward of their true Courfe, they always, in carting up rhe Log-board, allow fomething for her Leeward Way ; which is one Point, or more, according to her Way ot failing. See Recroning.

Way of the Rounds, in Fortification, is a Space left for the ParTage of the Rounds, between the Rampart, and the Wall of a fortify'd Town. See Round.

This is not now much in ufe ; becaufe the Parapet not being above a Foot thick, it is foon overthrown by the Ene- my's Cannon.

Way-wiser, an Inftrument for meafuring of the Road, or Dirtance gone ; call'd alfo 'Perambulator, and Pedometer. See Perambulator, and Pedometer.

WAYWODE, is properly a Title given the Governours of the chief Places in the Dominions of the Czar of Mufcovy.

The Palatines, or Goverours of Provinces in \Poland, al- fo bear the Quality of Waywodcs, or Waiwodes. Sec Pa- latine.

The Poles likewifc call the Princes of Walachia and Mol- davia, Waywodes ; as eftceming them no other than on the Foot of Governours : Pretending that Walachia and Molda- via are Provinces of \Poland ; which have withdrawn them- felves from the Obedience of the Republick.

Every where elfe they are call'd Hofpodars. See Hos-

PODAR.

2)u Cange fays, that the Name Waywode is ufed in Dal- ■matia, Croatia, and Hungary, for a General of an Army : And Leuuclavius, in his PandeSs of t'urkey tells us, it ufually fignifics Captain.

WEALD, or Weltj, the woody Part of a Country ; as the Weald of Kent. — It is mif-printed in fome Books and Maps, the Wilds of Kent, Sujfex, and Surry.

WEANEL, a Country Word, for a young Beaft newly weaned, or taken from fucking its Dam.

WEANING, AblaSation. See Ablactation.

WEAPONS. See Arms, and Armour.

Weapon-.SWot, a kind of Unguent, fuppofed to cure Wounds fympathetically.by being applied, not to the Wound, but to the Weapon that made it. See Sympathetic Pon- der, Transplantation, i$c.

WEAR, or Ware, a great Stank, or Dam in a River ; fitted for the taking of Fifli, or for conveying the Stream to a Mill. See Fishing.

WEATHER, the State or Difpofition of the Atmofphere, with regard to Moirture or Drought, Heat or Cold, Wind or Calm, Rain, Hail, Froft, Snow, Fog, (gc. See Atmo- sphere, Rain, Heat, Wind, Hail, Frost, &c.

As 'tis in the Atmofphere that all Plants and Animals live and breathe, and as that appears to be the gteat Principle

of moft Animal and Vegetable Productions, Alterations, ESfc.

(Sec Air.) There does not feem any thing in all Philo-

fophy of more immediate Concernmenr to us, than the State of the Weather. — In effect, all living' Things are only Af- femblages or Bundles of Veflels, whole Juices are kept mov- ing by the Preffure of the Atmofphere j and which, by that Motion, maintain Life. So that any Alterations in the Rari- ty or Denfity, the Heat, Furity, £»?c. of that, muft necefla- rily be attended with proportionable ones in thefe.

What vaft, yet regular Alterations, a little Turn of Wea- ther makes in a Tube fill'd with Mercury, or Spirit of Wine, or in a piece of String, £S?c. Every body knows, in the common lnftance of Barometers, Thermometers, Hygro- meters, i$c and it is owing partly to our Inattention, and partly to our unequal, intemperate Courfe of living, that ws don't feel as great and as regular ones in the Tubes, Chords, and Fibres of our own Bodies.

'Tis certain, a great part of the Brute Cteation have a Scnfibility, and Sagacity this way beyond Mankind ; and yet, without any Means or Difpofition thereto more than we 5 except that their Veflels, Fibres, £$c. being in other refpects in one equable Habitude ; the fame, or a proportionable Caufe from without, has always a like, or proportionable Effeft on them : that is, their Veflels are regular Barome- ters, &c. affected only from one external Principle, viz. th« Difpofition of the Atmofphere ; whereas, ours arc acted on by clivers from within, as well as without 5 fome of which check, impede, and prevent the Action of others. Sec Ba- rometer, Thermometer, Hygrometer, l$c.

We know of nothing more wanting than a juft Theory of the Weather on Mechanical Principles. — But in order to that, a complear Hirtory of the Weather will be requir'd.

Were Regifters carefully kept in divers Parts of rhe Globe, for a good Series of Years, we Ihould be ihabled to deter- mine the Directions, Breadth, and Bounds of the Winds, and of the ^flr/-w they^bring with them; the Correspondence between the Weather of divers Places, and the Dependence between one fort and another at the fame Place.— In time, no doubt, we might learn to foretel divers great Emergen- cies; as, extraordinary Heats,Rains, Frofts,Droughts,Dearths, Plagues, and other epidemical Difeafes, &c.

The Members of our Royal Society, rhe French Academy of Sciences, and divers other Authors of note, have made fome Elfays this way ; but the Dryne/s and Quaintnefs of the Subject, indue'd them all to drop it. ,' Eraf. Bartholin, for inftance, has Obfervations of the '^Weather of every Day throughout the Year 1671 : Mr. W. Merle made the like at Oxford, for feven Years, viz. the" Years 1337, 1338, 1335, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343. Dr. Plot did the fame at the fame Place, for rhe Year 1684 5 Mr. Hillier, at Cape Corfe, for the Years 1686, 1687 ; Mr. Hunt, Sec. at Grcjfram College, for the Years 1S95, 1696 ; Mr. Derham, at Upminfter in FJfex, for the Years 1691, 1692., 1697, io"98, rtfoo, 1703, 1704, 1705 ; Mr. 1'ovmley in Lancashire, 1697, 1698 ; Mr. Cunningham, at Emm in China, for the Yeats 1698, KJ99, 1700, 1701 ; Mr. Locke at Oats in Effcx, 1691 ; Dr. Scheuchzer at Zurich, in 1708 ; and Dr. I'illy at \Pifa, the fame Year. See the <Philofopb- 'franfaB.

The Form of Mr. Derham's Obfervations, we give as a Specimen of a Journal of this kind ; obferving that he notes the Strength of the Winds by o, r, 2, 3, ££fc. and the Quan- tity of Rain, as it fell thro' a Tunnel, in Pounds and Ccn- refimals.

'Phenomena of the Weather, October 1697.

Day. Hour.iWeather.

27 7 Fair

Wind. |Barometer.|Raini

X

iS.W. 2'2 9 37II 52

2]Rain S.W.b.W. 5 29 34

9;Stormy ' 0I29 88.0 21I

As a Specimen of the Ufe of fuch Hiftories, we Ihall add fome general Remarks drawn from them by Mr. Derham j and, — 1°, That Foggy Weather makes the Mercury rife in the Barometer, as well as the North Wind. — The Caufe, he fuggefts, probably enough, ro be the Acccffion of the Load of Vapour to the former Weight of the Atmofphere. See Fog.

Milling Weather, he likewife obferves to have the like Effect. See Barometer.

2, The Colds and Heats in England and Switzerland, begin and end nearly about the fame time : Nay, and any remarkable Weather, efpecially if it continue any while, af- fects one Place as well as t'other. See Heat.

3°, That the remarkably cold Days in June, Anno 1708, were found in Switzerland to precede ours, commonly by about five Days or more ; and rhat the remarkable Heats in the following Months, began ro abate in both Places about the fame time ; only ibmewhat fooner here than there. See Cold.


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