Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/1000

 WAS

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WASHING. See Lotion, Ablution, &c.

The Wajbing of the Feet was a common piece of Civility among the Jems, practis'd upon Strangers, Vifitors. iic. at their arrival.

The Wajbing of the Feet of twelve poor People, is an anniverfary Ceremony, perform'd both by the Kings a{ Eng- land and France ; in commemoration of our Saviour's walk- ing the Feet of his Apoflles.

Armbim, adv. Gentes, Lib. VII. mentions a Feaft in ufe among the Anncnts, call'd Lavatio Matris fDeim the Wajh- ing of the Mother of the Gods, held on the 30th of March

Washing of a Ship, in the Sea Language, is when ali the (juns are brought to one fide, and the Men netting up on the Yards, -xajb her other fide, and fcrape her as far as tney can reach.

Washing, in Painting, is when a Defign drawn with a Pen, or Crayon, has Tome one Colour laid over it with a Pencil, as Indian Ink, Billre, or the like ; to make it ap- pear the more natural, by adding the Shadows of Promi- nences, Apertures, tic. and by imitating the particular Matters whereof the Thing is fuppoled to conliil.

Thus, they wajh with a pale red to imitate Btick and Tyle ; with a pale Indian blue to imitate Water and Slate ; with green for Trees and Meadows ; with Saffron or French Berries, for Gold and Brafs ; and with feveral Colours for Marbles.

Thefe Wajbes are ufually given in equal Teints, or De- grees, throughout ; which are afterwards brought down and fottcn'd over the Lights with fair Water, and flrengrhcn'd with deeper Colours for the Shadows. See Light, and Sha- dow.

WAT

Washings, or Washes, among Goldfmitbs, Coiners, igc. are the Lotions whereby they draw the Particles of Gold and Silver out of the Afh.es, Earths, Sweepings, &c.

This is either perform'd by fimply ivajbwg%m again and again, or by putting 'em in the Wajhmg Mill.

To make one of theie Wajbes, they not only gather toge- ther the Allies of the Furnaces, and the Sweepings of the Places whete the Works are ; but they alfo break and pound the old earthen Crucibles, and the very Bricks whereof the Furnaces are built : little Particles of Gold, ££fc. being found to flick to 'em by the crackling natural to thofe Metals, when in their lalt degree of heat.

Thefe Matters being all well ground, and mix'd together, are put in large wooden Bafons, where they are wafh'd feve- ral times and in feveral Watets, which run off, by Inclina- tion, into Troughs underneath ; carrying with 'em the Earth, and the infenfible Particles of the Metals, and only leaving behind 'em the larger and more confiderable ones, which are vifible to the Eye, and taken out with the Hand ■ without more trouble.

And hence the Cuflom of going a Waffeling, flijl ufed i'fi

ui'fl S ° ther aces ' ,ecms t0 have taken its Name;

WAST, or Waste, in Law, has divers Significations.— lit, It is ufed for a Spoil, made either in Houfes, Woods, Lands, eV by the Tenants for Life, or for Years, to the prejudice of the Heir, Or of him in Reverfion.— Upon this, the Writ of Wafte is brought for recovery of the Thing wafted, and treble Damages.

Wafte of the Forcft, is, properly, where a Mali cuts down his own Woods within the Forclf, without Licence of the King, or Lord-Chief Jufticc in Eyre. See Forest, and Purlieu.

Waste is alfo taken for thofe Lands which are not id any Man's Occupation ; but lie common. See Common.

They feem to be fo called, becaufe the Lord cannot make fuch Profit of them as of his other Lands ; by reafon of the ufe others have thereof; for pafiing to and fro.-— Upon this none may build, cut down Trees, dig, £?£. without the Lord's Licence.

Tear, Hay, and Waste, is alfo a Punifhment or Forfeit tute belonging to Petit Treafon, or Felony. See Year, Day, £5c.

Waste of a Ship, is that Part of her between the two Mails ; that is, between the Main-matt, and the Fore-mall, See Ship, and Mast.

Waste-Swii-^s, are Eoards fometime fet upon the fide of a Boar,^ to keep the Sea from breaking into her.

WATCH, a fmall portable Movement, or Machine, for the mealuring of Time ; having its Motion regulated by a Spiral Spring. See Watch-worr.

Watches, iWelry taken, are all fuch Movements as fhew the Parts of Time ; as Clocks are fuch as publifh it, by lin- king on a Bell, (gc. But commonly, the Name Watch is appropriated to fuch as are carried in the Pocket ; and Clock to the larger Movements, whether they flrike the Hour or not. See Clock.

Spring, or 'Pendulum Watches, fland pretty much on the fame Principle with Pendulum Clocks ; whence their Deno- mination.— If a Pendulum, defcribing little Arches of a Cir- cle, makes Vibrations of unequal Lengths in equal Times j

'tis by reafon it defctibes the greater with a greater Velo- city. For the fame Reafon, a Spring put in Motion, and making greater or lefs Vibrations, as it is more or lefs ftiff, and as it has a greater or lefs degree of Motion given it ; performs them nearly in equal Times. Hence, as the Vi- brations of the Pendulum had been applied to large Clocks, to rcflify the Inequality of their Motions ; fo, to correct the unequal Motions of the Balance of Watches, a Spring is ad- ded 5 by the Ifochronil'm of whofe Vibrations, the Correflion is to be effected. See Pendulum.

The Spring is ufually wound into a Spiral ; that, in the lit-

nfe Oulc kfilve „ r W//,'JZ II Th t»*"h th ? tle com P afs allotted '"> " "»> be " '™g ^ P°»™e i and me Qu.ckfilver, and a Wajblr, M,ll.-Th,s Mill confilts of a may have Strength enough, not to be mafler'd and drag'd

about by the Inequalities of the Balance it is to tegulate.

The Vibrations of the two Parts, viz,, the Spring and Ba- lance, fliould be of the fame length ; only fo adjufted, as that the Spring, being the more regular in the length of its Vi- brations than the Balance, may, on occafion, communicate its Regularity thereto. Sec Spring.

The Invention of Spring ox Pocket Watches, is owingr to Water, into which they cart thirty or forty Pounds of Quick- ,he Felicity of the prefent Age.-'Tis true, we find mention filver.and two or three_ Gallons of the Matter remaining made of I Watch prefented fo Charles V, in the Hiflory of

that Prince : But this, in all probability, was no more than a kind of Clock to be fet on a Table ; fome Footfleps whereof, we have Hill remaining in the antient Pieces made before the Year io"70.

In effecf, 'tis between Dr. Hook and Mr. Hnygens, that

the Glory of this excellent Invention lies : but to which of

", them it properly belongs, is greatly difputed : The Enzliff}

, lm es L ' Sy&to^X'rfM* thr ° W 1 **% bribing it to thWotmSr'; and the" French, Hutch, &1 to les ; and the lame quantity of Mercury ufually ferves all the latte-

large wooden Trough, at bottom of which are two metalline Parts, (erring as Mill-Hones ; the lower being convex and the upper, which is in form'of a Crofs, concave.

A-top is a Winch, placed horizontally, which turns the upper piece round ; and at bottom a Bung, to let out the Water and Earth when fuifkiently ground.

To have a Waf]}, then, the Trough is fill'd with common

from the firll Lotion. — Then turning the Winch, they Motion to the upper Mill-ttone 5 which grinding the Matter and the Quickfilver violently together, the Particles of Gold and Silver become the more eafily amalgamated therewith : This Work they continue for two Hours ; when opening the Bung, the Water and Earths run out, and a frefli quantity is put in.

the three times..— When there is nothing left in the Mill but the Mercury, united with the Gold or Silver which it has amalgamated ; they take it out, and wajhing it in divers Waters, they put it in a Ticken Bag, and lay it in a Prefs, to fqueeze out the Water and the ioofe Quickfilver : the re- maining Quickfilver they evaporate by Fire, in a Retott &c. Sec Gold, and Silver ; fee alfo Lavadere.

WASSAILE, or Wassel, a Feflival Song, fung hereto- fore from door to door, about the Time of Epiphany. See Wassel Scurf.

WASSEL-So-irf, was a large Cup or Bowl, of Silver or Wood, wherein the Savons at their publick Entertainments drank a Health to one another, in the Phrafe Was-heal ; that is, Health he to you.

This Wafjel-Sowl, (eems plainly to be meant by the Word Vaftelhim, in the Lives of the Abbots of St. Albans, by Matt. 'Paris : where he faith, Abbas film prandebat fuf re- mits in RcfccJorio habens Vaflellum : '

the Poculum Charitatis.

Mr. Herham, in his Artificial Clockmaker, fays roundly, that Dr. Hook was the Inventor ; and adds, that he contriv'd various ways of Regulation.— One way was with a Load- ftone. — Another with a tender flrait Spring, one end where- of play'd backwards and forwards with'theBalance ; fo that the Balance was to the Spring, as the Bob to a Pendulum ; and the Spring as the Rod thereof— A third Method was with two Balances, of which there were divers forts ; fome having a Spiral Spring to the Balance for a Regulator, and others without.

But the way that prevail'd, and which continues in Mode, was with one Balance, and one Spring running round the up- per Part of the Verge thereof. Tho this has a Diladvantage, which thofe with two Springs, t£c. were free from ^ in that a fuddenjerk, or confufed fluke, will alter its Vibrations, and put it in an unufual hurry.

The Time of thefe Inventions was about the Year 1558 j He had fet by him as appears, among other Evidences, from 'an Infcription on

"'itches, prefented to K. Chat les II.

,T. Tampion fecit, 1S75.— The

Inven-

t -t,, TTr„/r,cn , j ■ i ,. ,, — , « J aa dimgdis, diuuiia utuct jr. viaences, iruni an mil

thL haffel-Sow to drink an Health to the Fraternity ; or one of the double Balance Watches, prefented to K

viz. Rob. Hook Liven. 16%