Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/998

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them thus rowed, and carries them in Bafkets to the Packers. — Four Men pack the Herrings into one Barrel, and lay them, one by one, ftraight and even ; and ano- ther Man, when the Barrel is full, takes it from the Packer. — It is let ftand a Day or more open to fettle, that the Salt may melt and diflblve to Pickle ; after which they arc fill'd up, and the Barrel headed. — The Pickle to be flrong enough to fuftain a Herring 5 otherwife the Fifh decay in it.

Herring Silver, was Money formerly paid in lieu of a certain Quantity of Herrings, for a Religious Houfe.

HERSE, ' in Fortification, a Lattice, or Portcullice, in Form of an Harrow 5 befet with Iron Spikes.

It is ufually hung by a Cord faften'd to a Moulinct ; to be cut, in Cafe of Surprize, or when the firft Gate is broken with a Petard h that the Herfe may fall, and flop up the Paflage of the Gate, or other Entrance of a Fortrefs.

Thefe Herfes are alfo often laid in the Roads, to incom- mode the March as well of the Horfe, as the Infantry.

The Herfe is otherwife call'd a Sarrafin, or Cataratl 5 and when it confifts of flrait Stakes, without any Crofs- pieces, it is call'd Orgies. See Orgues, c5c.

The Word Herje is French, and literally fignifies Har- row j being form'd of the Latin Herpix, or Hirfiex 5 which denote the fame Thing.

HERSILLON, or Herisson, in the military Art, a Name given to a Sort of Planks, or Beams, ten or twelve Foot long, whofe two Sides are drove full of Spikes, or Nails, to incommode the March of the Infantry, or Cavalry. See Herisson.

HESPER, Hesperus, in Aftronomy, a Star call'd alfo Vefper, <Phofphor, Thofphorus, Lucifer, and the Morning Star. See Phosphorus, Vesper, %$c.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, hmg®- 7 and fup- pofed to have been originally the proper Name of a Man, Brother of Atlas, and Father of the Hefperides. See Hesperides.

tDiodorus, L. III. relates, that Hefperus having afcended to the Top of Mount Atlas, the better to obferve and contemplate the Stars, never return'd more ; and that hence he was fabled to have been changed into a Star.

HESPERIDES, in the antient Mythology, were the Daughters of Hefper, or Hefperns a Brother of Atlas.

The Hefperides were three in Number, JEgle, Are- thufa, and Hefperarethufa — Hefiod, in his 'Theogony, makes them the Daughters of Nox, Night; and feats them in the fame Place with the Gorgones, viz. at the Extre- mities of the Weft, near Mount Atlas : 'Tis on that Account he makes them the Daughters of Night, by reafon the Sun fets there.

The Hefperides are reprefented by the Antients, as hav- ing the keeping of certain golden Apples, on t'other fide the Ocean. The Poets give them a Dragon to watch the Garden where the Fruit grows : This Dragon Hercules flew, and carried off the Apples.

'Pliny and Soliiius will have the Dragon to be no other than an Arm of the Sea, wherewith the Garden was in- compafs'd 5 and which defended the Entrance thereof. And Varro fuppofes that the Golden Apples were nothing but Sheep. Others, with more Probability, fay they were Oranges.

The Garden of the Hefperides, Hefpcrii Horti, or Horti Hefperidzmi, are placed by lome Authors at Larache, a City of Fez 5 by others, at Semiche, a City of Barca, which tallies better with the Fable. Others, take the Province of Snfa in Morocco, for the Ifland wherein the Garden was feated. Laftly, Kudbecks places thefe for- tunate Iflands, and the Garden of Hefperides, in Sweden, See Fortunate.

HESYCHASTES, a Perfon who keeps himfelf vacant and at Leifure, to attend the better, and with the lefs Interruption, to the Contemplation of divine Things.

The Name was chiefly ufed by the Antients for fuch among the Monks as did not employ themfelves in any Labour of the Hands, but renounced all bodily Action, to refign themfelves wholly to Prayer and Meditation.

The Word is Greek, form'd of hav^o), quiefco, quieti indulgeo, a Derivative of «Vj^©-, quietus, quiet. -Hefy- thaftes in Greek, anfwers to the literal Senfe of ghiietift in Englip.

HETERIARCH, Heter.iarchA, in Antiquity, an Officer in the Greek Empire ; whereof there were two Species : The one call'd fimply Heteriarcha 5 and the other, great Hetriarcha, who had the Direction of the former.

Their principal Function was to command the Troops of the Allies 5 befides which, they had fome other Duties in the Emperor's Court, defcribed by Codin, de Officiis, C. 5. 0, 30, 31, 32, 37.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, IraVj©-, Socius, Companion, Ally, and *fX") Imperium, Command.

HETEROCLITE, Heterocliton, in Grammar, an irregular, or anomalous Word, which either in Declenfion, Conjugation, or Regimen, deviates from the ordinary Rules of Grammar. See Anomalous, Irregular, &c.

The Word is peculiarly affected to Nouns, which vary, or are irregular, in Point of Declenfion ; having fewer Cafes, Numbers, &c. than ordinary 5 or are of one De- clenfion in one Number, and another in another. See Noun, Declension, &c.

We have varying Heteroclites, defective, and redundant Heteroclites, Sec.

Under the Clafs of Heteroclites, come Aptotes, ^Dip totes, Monaptotes, <;a,, Opinion.

HETERODROMUS Veftis, in Media nicks, a Lever wherein the Fulcrum, or Point of Sufpenfion, is between the Weight and the Power. See Lever.

This is what we otherwife call a Lever of the firft Kind. • — 'Such is that reprefented T'ah. Afechanicks, Fig. 1.

If either the Weight be in the middle between the Power and the Fulcrum $ or the Power between the Weight and the Fulcrum, the Lever is denominated Homodromns. — > Such are thofe reprefented Fig. z and g.

HETEROGENEITY, in Phy licks, the Quality, or Difpofition, which demminatrs a Thing Heterogeneous.

The Word is alfo ufed for the Heterogeneous Parts themfelves. — ■ In this Senfe, the Heterogeneities of a Body are the fame Thing with the Impurities thereof

Heterogeneity, is a Term of a very lax Signification, and brought by the Chymifts to fcrve almoil for any Thing they do not undcritand $ fo that all Difagrecmenr, or In- aptitude to Mixture between any Bodies, is imputed to the Heterogeneity of their Parts.

But, fo tar as the Term may be made ufe of, to convey any diflinct Signification, it mufl be by confidering natural Bodies under different Sortments, according as they are diversified by Figure, Bulk, Motion, and their more fenfi- ble Properties : So that thofe of different Sortments are Heterogeneous to one another, and the Parts of the fame Sortment, homogeneous. See Homogeneous.

Thus the Divifion Chymiffry makes of Bodies into Oil?, Salts, Spirits, &c. may be reckoned, with Refpect to one another, Heterogeneous ; tho' the Parts of each Divifion are among themfelves Homogeneous.

In Effect, they are two Terms, which ferve frequently for a Refuge to Ignorance 5 otherwife the common Terms of like and unlike might ferve every whit as well. Quincy. HETEROGENEOUS, or Heterggeneal, literally imports fomething of a different Nature, or that confills of Parts of different Kinds : In Oppofition to Homoge- neous. See Homogeneous, i

Thus, we fay, Milk is a Heterogeneous Body 5 cbm- pofed of Butter, Cheefe, and Whey. See Milk.

The Refining of a Metal, is the purging it of all its Heterogeneous Parts. See Refining.

The Word is Greek, form'd of e-nj©^ alter, different, and }w©-, Genus, Kind $ q, d. compofed of different Kinds of Parts.

Heterogeneous, is particularly applied in Mechanicks, to thofe Bodies whofe Denfity is unequal in different Parts of their Bulk. See Density.

Or, Heterogeneous Bodies are fuch, whofe Gravities are not proportionable to their Bulks. See Gravity.

Bodies equally denfe, or fclid in every Part, or whofe Gravity is proportionable to their Bulk, are faid to be Homogeneous. See Body, &c.

Heterogeneous Light, is that which confifls of Parts or Rays of different Refrangibility, Reflexibility, aij. Colour. See Light, Ray, Refrangibility, £?&

Heterogeneous Nouns, in Grammar, arc fuch as have one Gender in the Singular Number, and another in the Plural. See Gender, '<Sc.

Heterogeneous Numbers, are thofe referr'd to diffe- rent Units, or Integers. See Number.

Heterogeneous §Humtitiss, are thofe which are of fuch different Kind ana Consideration, as that one of them

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