Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/997

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HER

In Tragedy, the Cafe is different: Unhappy Cataflro- phes, according to Jrijlotle, are preferable to happy ones ; and were always much better received among the Antients. Indeed, one Reafon may be, that in the popular States of Greece, Monarchs being odious, nothing pleas'd them bet- ter than to fee the Misfortunes of Kings : And even among us, where that Confideration does not hold, yet the unhappy Conclufion has its Advantage. — ■ The Tragic Scene is the Throne of the Paffions ; and Terror and Pity are there to rule in a peculiar Manner : Now thofe Paffions arile the moll naturally from unhappy Events ; and the Audience, quitting the Theatre, full of the Mif- fortuncs wherewith it was clofed, preferve their Concern much longer, and feel more forcible Effects from it, than if their Tears had been wiped away, and their Sighs fmother'd in the Satisfaction of a more happy 'Peripetia. See Tragedy, Catastrophe, and Peripetia.

But thefe Reafons have no Place in the Epopea 5 which is not intended fo much to purge the Paffions, as to remove ill Habitudes. — ; But 'tis true withal, that the Epopea does not exclude all unhappy Conclufions : The Nature of Epic Fable, is fuch as admits equally of good and bad Perlbns for the prime Parts ; the unhappy Adventure of a Lamb unjufi-Iy devour'd by a Wolf, is a Subject every Way as inftrucfive, and as regular, as the Generofjty of a Lyon, who lets himfelf be difarrned of his Rage by the Innocence of the fame Lamb.

'Tis true, if the Poet propofed his Hero as a Pattern of Perfection for Imitation, the Misfortunes falling on him would fuit very ill with the Defign : But this was doubt- lefs the farthctt Thing in the Intentions of the great Mailers of the Epopea above-mentioned. — ■ The only Reafon, perhaps, that can be given for the uniform Practice of the Poets in this Refpcct, is, than an Epic Poem, containing an Aclion of much more Extent than that of a Tragic Poem, the Reader would not be fo well fatisficd, if, after fo many Labours and Difficulties as the Hero -is brought to flruggle withal, he fhould not, at laft, be brought off; but periffi miferably. There is fomething, no doubt, great and good in the Hero, which, in the Cour e of the Poem, makes us concem'd for him 5 fo, that after fo long an Acquaintance, we cannot leave him miferable, without fome Anxiety ; which it is not the Bufinefs of the Poet to raife. See Epic Poem.

HEROIC, fomething belonging to a Hero, or Heroine. See Hero.

Thus we fay, Heroic Aftions, Heroic Virtue, Heroic Style, Heroic Verfe, Heroic Poet, Heroic Age, &c.

Heroic i Poem, is that which undertakes to defcribe fome extraordinary Action, or Enterprize. See Poem.

Homer, Virgil, Statins, Litem, Taffo, and Milton, have compofed Heroic Poems. See Iliad, jEneid, &c.

In this Scnfe, Heroic Poem coincides with an Epic Poem. See Epic. Heroic Poetry. See Epic Poetry. Heroic Age, is that Age or Period of the World, wherein the Heroes, or thofe called by the Poets the Children of the Gods, are fuppofed to have lived.

The Heroic Age coincides with the fabulous Age. Sec Fabulous.

Heroic Verfe, is that wherein Heroic Poems are ufually compofed ; or that proper for fuch Poems. See Verse.

In the Greek and Latin, Hexameter Verfes are pecu- liarly denominated Heroic Verfes, as being alone ufed by Homer, Virgil, &c. See Hexameter.

Alexandrian Verfes of twelve Syllables, were formerly call'd Heroic Verfes, as being fuppofed the only Verfe proper for Heroic Poetry ; but the later Writers ufe Verfes of ten Syllables. See Alexandrian.

HEROINE, a Woman that has the Qualities and Vir- tues of a Hero ; or that has done fome Heroic Action. See Hero.

HERODIANS, a Seel among the Jews, at the Time of Jefets Chrijl i mention'd by St. Matthew XXII. 15. and St. Mark 111. 6.

The Criticks, and Commentators on the New Teftament, are very much divided with regard to the Herodians. ■ — . St. Jerom, in his Dialogue againft the Luciferians, takes the Name to have been given to fuch as own'd Herod for the Meffiah : And 1"ertullian and St. Epipha- iiiv.s are of the fame Sentiment. — ■ But the fame Jerom, in his Comment on St. Matthew, treats the fame Opinion as ridiculous ; and maintains, that the Pharifees gave this Appellation, by Way of Derifion, to Herod's Soldiers, who paid Tribute to the Romans : Agreeably to which, the Syriac Interpreters render the Word by the Somefticks of Herod, i. e. his Courtiers.

M. Simon, in his Notes on the nd Chapter a( Mat- thew, advances a more probable Opinion. — . The Name Herodian, he imagines, to have been given to fuch as ad- hered to Herod's Party and Interest, and were for preferving

the Government in his Family ; about which there were great Divilions among the Jews.

Fa. Hardouin, will have the Herodians and Sadducees to have been the fame Thing. See Sadducees.

HERPES, in Medicine, a cutaneous Heat or Inflam- mation, occasioning a Roughnefs of the Skin, by Means of a Number of little Puftules fpreading' this Way and that.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, I}m>, pmdatim gradior, repo, by Reafon the Eruptions creep from Place to Place.

There are divers Kinds of this Difeafe : The fimple Herpes, is a fingle Puftule or two, rifin» chiefly on rhe Face, of a whitifh or yellowifh Colour, pointed, and with an inflamed Bafe. — ■ Thefe dry away of their own Accord, upon letting out the little Drop of Pus con- tain'd in them.

The fecond Species of Herpes, is what we otherwife call Serpigo ; and in Englip, a Tetter, or Ring-worm. See Serpigo and Tetter.

Milliary Herpes, is an Affemblage of innumerable little Puftules, under rhe Cuticle, of the Size of Millet Seeds: Popularly call'd rhj Shingles. See Shingles.

The Herpes Milliaris, according to Wifeman, approaches very nearly to the Nature of the Pfora i and therefore to be cured with Mercurial Catharticks, S3c. See Psora.

Herpes Exedens, is of a more corrofive Kind ; the Puftules are ruddy, and attended with an itching ; and ulcerate the Parts they rife on.

HERRING, See Fish and Fishery. Herrings are fometimes prefcribed in Medicine, by Way of Cataplafms, to the Feet, in Fevers ; as being fuppofed to draw the febrile Matter downwards. Tho', 'tis more probable, this Effect fhould be owing to the Salt ufed in the Pickle.

Pickled Herring,') „ J „ „

Red Herring, f See \ Her "«£ Finery. Herring St/fs, a Veffel proper for the Herring Fifhery. See Fishery.

Herring Cob, is a young Herritig. See Herring Fish ing. Herring Fijhery, See Herring Fishery. There are divers Names given to Herrings, according to the different Manners wherein they are ordered, as,

i°. Sea-Sticks, being fuch as are catched all the Fifh- ing Seafon, and are but once packed. — A Barrel of thefe holds fix or eight Hundred ; eight Barrels to the Tun, by Law : An Hundred of Herrings is to be a Hundred and twenty ; a Laft ten Thoufand ; and they commonly reckon fourteen Barrels to the Laft. See Last, iSc.

There are others reckon'd on Shore, called repacked Herrings : Seventeen Barrel of Sea-Sticks make from twelve to fourteen of repacked ones.

The Manner of Repacking, is to take the Herrings, wafli them out in their own Pickle, and lay them orderly in a frefh Barrel. Thefe have no Salt put to them, but are clofe packed, and headed up by a fvvorn Cooper, with Pickle, when the Barrel is half full ; the Pickle is Brine, fo ftrong as that the Herring will fwim in it.

2'. Summers, are fuch as the Dutch Chafers, or Divers, catch from June to the 15 th of July. — Thefe are fold away in Sea-Sticks, to be fpent prcfently, in Regard of their Fatnefs ; for that they will not endure Repack- ing : They go one with another, full and fhotten ; but the repacked Herrings are forted, the full Herrings by themfeives.

3°. The pot ten and Jick Herrings by themfeives; the Barrel whereof is to be mark'd diftinctly.

4«. Crux Herrings, which are fuch as are caught after the i^th of September. — Thefe are cured with Salt upon Salt, and are carefully forted out, all full Herrings, and ufed in the Repacking.

5°. Corred Herrings, ierve to make Red Herrings, being fuch as are taken in the Tarmouth Seas, from the End of Atlgufi to the middle of Offober, provided they can be carried afhore within a Week, more or lefs, after their taking. — ■ Thefe are never gipped, but rowed in Salt, for the better preferving of them, till they can be brought on Shore ; and fuch as are kept to make Red Herrings, are wafhed in great Vats in frefh Water before they are hanged up in the Herring-Hangs, or Red Herring Houfes. As for the Manner of fait ing Herrings. ■ — The Nets being haled on board, the Fifhcs are taken out, and put into the War-backs, which ftand on one Side of the Vef- fels : — When all the Nets are thus unloaded, one fills the Gippers Bafket. ■ — The Gippers cut their Throats, take out the Guts, and fling out the full Herrings into one Bafket, and the fhotten into another : — ■ Que Man takes the full Bafket when they are gipt, and carries them to the Rower-back, wherein there is Salt. — ■ One Boy rows and ftirs them about in the Salt ; another . Q.1 1 t»kta