Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/996

 HER

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HER

tie lilac Faffion, and fomctimcs Inflammations, and even Pa. Souhours makes this Diflincfion between a Great Gangrenes of the Intefiines. Man and a Hero, that the latter is more daring, fiery,

Hernia's are varioully denominated, both according to and enterprizing ; and the former, more prudent, thought-

thc Patts difplaced, and to thofe whereon they fall.

A Defccnt of the Intefiines into the Scrotum, which is the moil ufual Kind of Rupture, is call'd Enterocele. See Enterocele.

If, inllead of the Intefiines, the Omentum be fallen ; it is called Epiplocele. See Epiplocele.

A Defcent of both, is called Entero-Epiflocele. See Entero-epiplocele.

If the Interlines fall on the Navel, fhalocele. See Omphalocele.

ful, and referved : — In this Senfc we properly fay, Alexander was a Hero, f alius defar a great Man.

Hero of a 'poem, ox Romance, is the principal Perfo- nage, or he who has the Top-Part therein. See Poem, Romance, &c.

The Hero of the Iliad is Achilles ; of the Odyffec,

Ulyffes ; of the jEneid, JEneas ; of Taffo's Jerufalem,

Godfrey of Sulloign ; of Milton's Paradice Loll, Adam s

it is call'd Om- tho' Mr. Itryden will have the Hhvil to be Milton's

Hero ; in Regard he gets the better of Adam, and drives

If they fall thro' the Perforation of the Obliquus He- him out of Paradice.

fcendens into the Groin; it is called Bubonocele, or In- The Character of Achilles, is the inexorable Writh of

guinalis. See Bubonocele. a haughty, valiant, unjuft, revengeful Prince : That of

There are alfo a fpurious Sort of Hernia's, or Tumours Ulyffes, is the wife and prudent Diffimulation of a cou-

of the Telles, &c. occafion'd, not by the Defcent of any rageous King, whole Conifancy nothing could /hake :

of the foiid Parts, but by a Coagmentation of fome of That of JEneas, is Piety, Gentlenefs, Good-Nature, and

the Fluids. Humanity ; fuftain'd, like the others, with an invincible

When the Tcfticles are fwell'd, and diflended with a Courage. See Character.

watery Humour, it is called a Hydrocele, or Hernia Aqttofa. Many of the Criticks find Fault with the Hero of the

See Hydrocele. JEneid. ■ — ■ He is too feniible and delicate ; and wants of

When with Wind, 'Pneumatocele, or Hernia Ventofa. the Fire, Firmncfs, and uncontrollable Spirit, remarkable See Pneumatocele. in the Hero of the Iliad. —Piety, Tendcrnefs, and Sub- When the Tumour is owing to a Mole, or Excrefcence of million to the Gods, are the Virtues of the middle Clafs Flefh, it is call'd Sarcocele, or Hernia Carnofa. See of Mankind : They do not ftrike and command enough Sarcocele. for a Hero, who is to be the Inftrument of fuch notable

When to a Dilatation of the Veffels, in Manner of a Varix, Exploits. — St. Euremond looks on JEneas as fitter to

Circocele, or Hernia Varicofa. See Varix, e5c. have been the Founder of a Religious Order, than of an

A Kind of prominent Tumour in the Throat, is frc- Empire,

qucntly call'd Sroncbocele, or Hernia Gutturalis. See Fa. Soffu defends Virgil's Hero, or at leafl Virgil, with

Bronchocele. admirable Addrefs. ■ — • JEneas's Character, he obferves, was

Some late Authors alfo fpeak of Hernia's, or Dcfcents not to be form'd on the Model, either of Achilles, or

of the Bladder into the Scrotum ; but thefe are rare. Ulyffes 5 nor to be of the fame Kind with them ; as the

• — M. Mery concludes, that they never arife from mere Fable, the Defign of the JEneid, was very different from

Accident ; but when they do happen, it mull be the EfFecf thofe of the Iliad and Odyffee. Sec Fable, Action, &c.

of an original ill Conformation. — His Reafon is, that What Virgil had in View, was to make the Romans

the Bladder of Urine is too big to pafs thro' the Annuli receive a new Kind of Government ; and a new Mailer :

or Rings, which the Interlines pafs thro' ; befide that it This Mailer, then, muff have all the Qualities requifite

is fallen 'd too llrongly on all Sides to admit of a Defcent. for the Founder of a State, and all the Virtues which make

M. 'Petit, however, is of a different Sentiment 5 and a Prince beloved. — The Violence of Achilles was ofConfe- maintains that Hernias of the Bladder may be produced quence precluded; fo was the Diffimulation of Ulyffes ; that after the ordinary Manner of others. See the Memoires de being a Quality which renders a Man fufpefled, not beloved. I' Acad. An. 1717. Virgil was reftrained in his Choice ; his Hero was to be The Word is Latin, Hernia, and originally fignifics the of the Genius of Auguftus : The Poet was in the Con- fame with Tumor Scroti ; call'd alfo Ramex. dition of a Painter, who is obliged to accommodate a Piece frifcian obferves, that the antient Marfi gave the Appcl- of Hifiory to the Model of a Face that is given him. — lation Hema to Rocks : Whence, fome will have Hernia's The Characters of Homer's two Heroes, as being direct ly thus called propter duritiem, on Account of their Hardnefs. oppofite to his Defign, he has thrown upon Turnus and — Scaliger chufes rather to derive the Word from the Mezentius, who are the Counterparts to his Hero. Greek, ifv@-, Ramus, Branch. 'Tis difputed among the Criticks, whether it be neceffii-

HERO, in the antient Theology and Mythology, was a great and illuflrious Perfon, of mortal Nature ; tho', by the Populace, fuppofed to partake of Immortality ; and, after his Death, placed by them in the Number of the Gods. See God.

Hero's were, properly, Perfons partly of divine, and partly of human Extraction ; being begot between a Deity and a Mortal : As Achilles, who was the Son of the Goddefs Thetis, by Helens ; or Hercule. Son of Jupiter and Alcmena.

rily required, that the Hero of an Epic Poem be a good and virtuous Man ? — ■ Fa. Soffu maintains the Negative : Between a Hero in Morality, and a Hero in Poetry, the fame Diltinction is to be made as between Moral, and Poetical Goodnefs :. — Hence, as the Manners of Achilles, and Mezentius, are poetically as Good as thofe of Ulyffes and JEneas ; fo thole two cruel and uniult Men, are as regular poetical Heroes, as thefe two "juft, wife, and who was the S 00c * Men. See Manners.

Arifiotle, indeed, reprcfents the Heroic Virtue,

A Hero, then, coincides with what we otherwife call a Virtue more than human ; and, of Confequence, Heroes, as ^Demi-God: Accordingly, Lucian defines & Hero to be a divine Perfons, whom the Excellency of their Nature raifes Medium between God and Man ; or, rather, a Compofition of both. See Demi-Go^.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Heros, and that of

above our Clafs : But this, he fays in his Books of Mo- rality ; in his Poeticks he fp^aks another Language. — The prime Perfon of a poem, whom we call the Hero, he ob- lerves, mull neither be good nor bad, but between both ; He mull: not either be fuperior to the Generality of Mankind by his Virtue and Juftice ; nor inferior to them by his Crimes and Wickednefs. The Moral, and Epic Heroes, therefore, even on Arijlotle's Principles, have no- thing in common with each other: The 'one mull be rais'd above Mankind ; and the other mult not be on a Level with the moil perfect: of Men. In Effect, both realon, the Nature of the Poem which quafi aeroes, aerei, Perfons of fuperior Merit and worthv '' S t0 be a Fable ' the Prac1:ice of Homer, and the Rules of Heaven. — 'Plato derives the Word from the Greek ^'fi ^ and Horace agree, that fo far is it from be-

the Greek, nfw, Semi-deus, Demi-god.

St. Auguftin, de Civit.2)ei, Lib. X. obferves, that it is highly probable, fome one of Juno's Sons was originally called by this Name ; that Goddefs being called in Greek >\£f : Or, it may be, that great Men have been diftin- guifhed by this Appellation, in Allufion to the Opinion of the Antients, that virtuous Perfons, after their Deaths, in- habited the wide Expanfe of Air, which is Juno's Province.

Ifidore inclines to think, that Hero's were thus call'd'

the Greek, »f©-, Amor, as intimating the Hero's to have arifen from the Copulation of a God with a mortal Woman ■ or of a Goddefs with a Man. —Others derive the Name 'from the Greek, ff{W, dicere, to fpeak ; the Heroes being Perfons who by their Eloquence led the People at their Pleafure : Others, "

Earth ; the Heroes, on their Principle, being' the 2>i'i Terrejtres, or Gods of the Earth.

Hero, is alfo ufed, in a more extenfive Senfe, for a great, illuflrious, and extraordinary Perfonage • particularly in refpect of Valour, Courage, Intrepidity, and other mi- litary Virtues.

ing neceffary that the Hero of an Epopea be a perfect, faultlefs Man ; that it is not neceffary he be an honeft Man : And that 'tis no Ways irregular to make him as perfidious as Ixion ; as unnatural as Medea ; or as brutal as Achilles. See Manners.

'Tis another Subject of Controverfy among the Criticks, laftly, derive the Word from the Greek, S&, Terra, whether the Cataftrophe, or Conclusion of the Action, is

neceflanly to leave the Hero happy, and at Bafe ; or whe- ther it be allowable to leave him unhappy ?

The general Pracfice of the Heroic Poets Hands for the Affirmative : We have fcarcc one Example of a Hero who is overcome, and remains unhappy : Excepting Adam. in Milton.

In