Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/988

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HEM

It may difHl down into the Receiver by the Beak of the Head. See Disillation.

And when they fay, fuch a Thing cannot be brought over the Helm, they toeaw, that it is of too fixed a Na- ture to be raifed into Vapour, by the Force of Fire. See Fixity and Volatility.

HELMET, or Helm, an antient Armour of Defence, wore by the Cavaliers, both in War, and in Tournaments, as a Cover and Defence of the Head $ and ftill ufed by Way of Creft or Ornament, over the Shield or Coat of Arms. See Crest.

The Helmet is known by divers other Names, as the Cask, Head-piece, Steel-Cap, &c. See Cask.

The Helmet cover'd the Head and Face, only leaving an Aperture about the Eyes, fecured by Bars, which ferved as a Vifor.

The Helmet is bore in Armoury as a Mark of Nobility ; and by the different Circumftances of the bearing of the Helmet, are the different Degrees of Nobility indicated. In France, whence all our Heraldry originally came, the following Rules obtain.

A Pcrfon newly ennobled, or made a Gentleman, bears over his Efcuvcheon a Helmet of bright Iron or Steel ; in Profile, or (landing Sideways 5 the Vizor quite dole.

A Gentleman of three Defcents bears it a little open, but {till in Profile, /hewing three Bars of the Vizor.

Antient Knights, &c. have it in Profile, but iliewing five Bars $ the Edges of Silver.

A Baron's Helmet is of Silver, the Edges gold ; with feven Bars, neither quite in Profile, nor yet in Front j with a Coronet over it adorned with Pearls. See Baron.

Vifcounts and Earls formerly bore a Silver Helmet, with gold Edges - its Pofition like the former : But now they bear it quite fronting, with a Coronet over it. See Viscount and Earl.

Marquifles bear a Silver Helmet, damaflt'd, fronting; with eleven Bars, and their Coronet. See Marqjjis, &c.

Dukes and Princes have their Helmet, damaik'd, front- ing, the Vizor almoSt open, and without Bars 5 with their Coronets over them. See Duke, £5>c.

Laftly, the Helmets of Kings and Princes, are all of Gold, damafk'd, full fronting, and the Vizor quite open, and without Bars. See King, &c.

The Helmets of Baflards are to be turn'd to the left, to denote their Baftardy. See Bastard.

Among the Englift Heralds, thefe Laws are of late fomewhat varied. — Leigh will have the Helmet in Pro- file, and clofe, to belong to Knights : But all other Authors give it to Efquires and Gentlemen.

To a Knight they aflign the Helmet Standing right forward, and the Bearer a little open. See Knight.

The Helmet in Profile, or pofited fide-ways, and open, with Bars, belongs to a Nobleman under the Condi ton of a Duke.

The Helmet right forward, and open, with many Bars, is affigned to Dukes, Princes, and Kings.

Thofe turned fidewife, are fuppofed to be giving Ear to the Commands of Superiors 5 and thofe right forwards to be giving Orders with abfolutc Authority.

Commonly there is but one Helmet in a Shield 5 but, fometimes, two or three ; if there be tw"o, they muff, be placed facing each other : If three, the two Extremes mutt be looking towards that in the middle.

HELMONTIAN Laudanum. See Laudanum.

HELPS, in the Manage. — To teach a Horfe his Lef- fons, there are feven Helps, or Aids, to be known. — > Thefe are the Voice, Rod, Sit, or Snaffle 5 the Calves of the Legs, the Stirrup, the Spur, and the Ground. See Aid.

The Helps are occasionally turn'd into Corrections. See Correction.

HELVETIC, fomething that has a Relation to the Smtzers, or S-wifs Cantons, who were antiently called Helvetii.

The Helvetic Body is the Republic of Switzerland, confifling of thirteen Cantons, which make fo many par- ticular Common-wealths. See Canton.

By the Laws, and Cuftoms of the Helvetic Body, all Differences between the Several States, and Republicks are to be decided within themfelves, without the Intervention of any foreign Power.

HELVIDIANS, a Seft of antient Hereticks, denomi- nated from their Leader Helvidius.

Their diflingui filing Principle was, that Mary the Mother of Jefus was not a Virgin 5 but had other Chil- dren by Jojeph.

HEMEROBAPTISTS, a Seel among the antient Jews, thus call'd from their wafhmg and bathing every Day, in all Seafons. See Baptism.

Epiphanius, who mentions this as the fourth Herefy among the Jews, obferves, that in other Points they had much the lame Opinions as the Scribes and tyfrarifees 5

only they denied the Refurreclion of the Dead, in com- mon with the Sadducees, and retain'd a few other Im- pieties of thefe lair..

I? Herbelot fpeaks of them as a SccT: ftill fubfifting: 1 — The Difciples of St. John Saptiji, fays he, who in the firft Ages of the Church were called Hemerobaptijies, have constituted a Seel, or rather a Religion a-part, under the Name of Mendai labia. Thefe People, whom our Travellers call Chriftians of St. John "Baptifi, by Rcafon their Baptifm is very different from ours, have been con- founded with Sabeeans, from whom, however, they are very different. See Sabjeans.

HEMERODROMI, among the Antients, were Centincls, or Guards, appointed for the Security and Prefervation of Cities, and other Places. See Guard.

They went out of the City every Morning, affoon as the Gates were open'd, and kept all Day patrolling round the Place, fometimes making Excursions further into the Country, to fee that there were no Enemies laying in wait to furprife them.

The Word is Greek, upi&'^&P®'? compounded of w^e££> Day, and J*e?f*®"j Courfe, running about, &c.

Hemerodromi, were alfo a Sort of Couriers among the Antients, who only travell'd one Day, and then de- livered their Packets or Difpatches, to a irefh Man, who run hjs Day 5 and fo on, to the End of the Journey. Sec Courier.

The Greeks had of thefe Sort of Couriers, which they learnt from the c PerJiai?s, the Inventors thereof, as appears from Herodotus. — ■ Augujlus had the fame: At lealt, he eftablifhed Couriers, who, if they did not relieve each other from Day to Day, yet did it from Space to Space, and that Space was not great.

HEMI, a Word ufed in the Composition of divers Terms. 1 — 'It Signifies the fame with Semi, or 'Demi, viz. half ; being an Abbreviature of $ftsw'f t hemifys, which Signifies the lame. See Semi and Demi.

The Greeks retrenched the laSt Syllable of the Word vuawSi i" the Composition of Words ; and after their Example we have done fo too, in moll: of the Compound Words borrowed from them.

HEMiCRANIA, in Medicine, a Species of Cephalalgia, or Head- £ch j wheccin one Hemii'pherc, or half of the Head is arreted. See Cephalalgia and Heab-A/?.

HEMICYCLE, Hemicyclium, is a Semicircle. See Semicircle.

Hemicycle, is particularly applied in Architecture, to Vaults in the Cradle-Form ; and Arches and Frames, or Sweeps of Vaults, conftituting a perfeci Semi-circle. See Vault.

To conftrucT: an Arch of hewn Stone, they divide the Hemicycle into fo many VoufToirs $ taking Care to make them an uneven Number, that there be no Joynt in the middle, where the Key-Stone Should be. See Key.

The Hemicyclium was alfo a Part of the Orchestra in the antient Theatre. — Scaliger, however, obferves, it was no Standing Part of the Orch''(lra ; being only ufed in Dramatic Pieces, where fomc Perfon was fuppofed to be arrived from Sea, as in 'Plautus's Rudens.

The Antient's had alfo a Sort of Sun-Dial, call'd He- micyclium. — It was a concave Semicircle, the upper End or Cufp whereof lcok'd to the North.

There was a Style, or Gnomon, ifiTuing from the middle of the Hemicycle, whereof that Point correfponding to the Centre of the Hemicycle, reprefented the Centre of the Earth : And its Shadow projected on the Concavity of the Hemicycle which reprefented the Space between one Tropic and another, the Sun's Declination, the Day of the Month, Hour of the Day, &c.

The Word is compounded of iifMovfj dimid'ms, and jwjt*.©-, Circle.

HEMINA, a Veffel ufed as a Meafure among the an- tient Romans. See Measure.

The Hemina contain'd eight Ounces of Liquor ; and was the 12 th Part of the Congius. See Congius.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, tifxt, half. Several Authors have wrote exprefs Treatifes on the Roman He- mina $ particularly Mc:f. Arnaztd and 'Pelletier.

St. Benedict prefcribes the Hemina, as the Portion or Quantity of Wine to be allowed the Religious of his Order at each Meal. Fa. Mabillon, who has wrote on the Subject, Shews that this Hemina is a Meafure pecu- liar to the Benedict mes, as well as the Pound of Bread allowed the fame Religious, which only confiSted of fif- teen Ounces. Fa. Lancelot has a Dissertation to prove that the Hemina of Wine, prefcribed by St. Benedict, only amounts to a Demi Septier of 'Paris Meafure ; Others make it two Septiers 3 and others three.

HEMIOLUS.,