Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/983

 HEG

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When the Hedge is eight or nine Years growth, it may be fplajh'd or laid down ; by giving the Shoots, or Bran- ches, a Cut with a Knife, or Bill, half thro' ; and then weaving it about the Stakes, and trimming off the fmalt fuperfluous Branches.

Inftead of Building a Garden Wall facing the North Eaft, Mr. Lawre?ice advifes, that to fave Charge, &c. a Crab-Tree Hedge of three Rows be planted ; which will be a good Mound, and quickly grow up to be a better Fence than a Wall againft the Weft and South-Weft Winds, which make the greateft Deftru&ion in a Garden, and which blow two Parts in three of the whole Year : Befide the Stock of Fruit fuch a Hedge, grafted with Red ftreak, or Gennet Moyl, will yield.

Efpalier Hedges. See Espalier.

Tranfplanting of Hebgk-Rows. See TrasplAnting.

HEEL, in Anatomy, the hind Part of the Foot. See Foot.

In Winter, the Heels are liable to Kind of Chilblains, call'd Kibes, which tend to Mortification. See Chilblain.

The jRone of the Heel is called Calca7ieim. See Calcaneum.

Heel of a Horfe. See Horse.

The Heel fhould be high and large 5 and one Side not rife higher on the Paftern than the other. — > The Diftem- pers incident to this Part, are fcabbed Heels and Scratches. See Scratches.

The Heel is properly the hind Part of the Foot ; and has two Sides, where the Quarters terminate 5 or, it is the lower hinder Part of the Foot, comprehended between the Quarters, and oppofite to the Toe. — Some narrow JoeeTd Horfes have high Heels, but fo weak and tender, that by preffing the two Sides of the Heel one againft another, they will fenfibly yield. See Hoof.

To of en the Heels, is to pare the Foot, and cut the Heel low, almoft clofe to the Frufh ; taking it down within a Finger's Breadth of the Coronet, or Top of the Hoof, fo as to feparate the Quarters, and by that Means weaken and take away the Subftance of the Foot, and make it clofe, and become narrow at the Heels.

The Heel of the Horfeman, being the Part which is armed with a Spur 5 the Word is ufed for the Spur it fclf: As, this Horfe underftands the Heels well. See Aid and Correction.

To ride a Horfe from one Heel to another, is to make him go Side-ways, fometimes to one Heel, and fometimes to another.

Heelj in the Sea-Language. — If a Ship lye on one Side, whether a-ground or a-float, they fay ihe heels off- ward, or to the Shore, a-ftar-board, or a-port.

Heel of a Mafl, is that Part of the Foot thereof, which is pared away flanting, that the Maft may be ftay'd afterward on. See Mast.

HEELER, or 'Bloody-Heel Cock, is a fighting Cock which k ftrikes or wounds much with his Spurs : — ■ Cock- Mafters know fuch a Cock, even while a Chicken, by the ftriking of his two Heels together in his going.

HEGIRA, in Chronology, a celebrated Epocha, ufed

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HEI

the Chriftians ; who, in thofe Times, reckon'd their Tears from the Perfection of Dioclefian. See Dioclesian JErt

But there is another Hegira, and the earlier too, tho'' of lefs Eminence -.—Mahomet, in the 14th Year of his Mif- fion, was obliged to relinquifh Medina : The Carafihaites had all along oppofed him very vigorouily, as an Inno- vator, and Difturber of the public Peace. ' Many of his Difciples, not enduring to be reputed Followers of an Im- poftor, defired Leave of him to abandon the City for Fear of being obliged to renounce their Relipion. This Retreat makes the firft Hegira..

Thefe two Hegira's, the Mahometan;, in their Lan- guage call Hegiratan.

The Word is Arabic, form'd of n1jH> hagirah, Flight • of "lln, to fly, quit ones Country, Family, Friends, (2c.

The Years of the Hegira confiil only of 554 Days. To reduce thefe Years to the Julian Calendar, i. c. to find what Julian Year a given Year of the Hegira anfwers to ; reduce the Year of the Hegira given, into Days, by mul- tiplying by 354 j divide the Produft by 355, and from the Quotient fubftract the Intercalations, i. e. as many Days as there are four Years in the Quotient ; and, laftly, to the Remainder add 622.. See Year.

HEIGHT, the third Dimenfion of a Body, confider'd with Regard to its Elevation above the Ground. See Dimension and Elevation.

Altimetria teaches how to find, or meafure all Height, both accefliblc and inacceffible. Sec Altimetria.

The Inflruments chiefly ufed to meafure Heights, are the gHiairant, and the Geometrical ^tiadrat. See Qua- drant and Quadrat. See alfo Shadow and Mirror.

To meafure the Height of Mountains, and particularly thofe of the Moon. See Barometer, Moon, (2c.

Height, is fometimes alfo ufed for 2)epth. Sec Depth.

The Defign of Levelling, is to find the different Heights, or Depths, of Places. See Levelling.

Height, in Aftronomy, (2c. is more properly call'd Altitude. See Altitude.

The Height, or Altitude, of the Sun, (2c. is an Arch of the Meridian, comprehended between the Sun, (2c. and the Horizon. See Sun, (2c. ,

To find the Meridian Heights of the Sun, Stars, (2c. See Meridian Altitude.

The Height of a Star, is either true or apparent. — The apparent Height is its Diftance from the rational Horizon - or, rather, it is the Height of a Star fuch as it appears : The true Height is, what remains after the Refraction has been fubftracted. See Refraction.

M. 'Parent fuggeils a new Method of taking Heights at Sea, by a common Watch. — 'Tis obvious, that in an oblique Sphere, the Difference between the fifing and fet- ting of two Stars, on the fame Meridian, is greater, as they are further diftant from one another. See Right/ Afcenjion.

Now, the Aflronomical Tables furnifhing us with Tables of the right Afcenfions and Declinations of all the fix'd Stars ; 'tis cafy, after obferving the Difference of Time between the_ riling of two Stars, to diftinguifh that Part

by the Arabs and Mahometans, for the Computation of of the Difference which accrues from their different Pofi-

Time. See Epoch A

The Word Hegira, in its original Arabic, fignifies Flight ; the Event which gave Occafion to this Epocha, being Mahomet's Flight from Mecca. — The Magiftrates of that

tion, from that which arifes from the Obliquity of the Sphere. — But fuch Difference is the precife Height of the Pole of the Place of Obfervation. See Pole.

Indeed, the Ship not being immoveable, but changing

City fearing his Impoftures might raife a Sedition, refolvcd Place between the two Obfervations ; feems to lay'thc to expel him : This, accordingly, they effected in the Year Method under fome Difficulty ; to which M. <Parent an- fwers, that a fmall Alteration cither of the Ship's Lon- gitude or Latitude, will make no fenfible Error ; and that if fhe have gone a large Diftance between the two

of our Lord 612, on the Evening of the 15th or iifth

of July.

To render this Epocha more creditable, the Mahome- tans aflkl to ufe the Word Hegira in a peculiar Scnfe, for an Ail of Religion, whereby a Man forfakes his Country, and gives Way to the Violence of Perfecutors and Enemies of the Faith : They add, that the Corai- chites being then the ftrongeft Party in the City, obliged their Prophet to fly, as not being able to endure his abo- lifhingi of Idolatry.

This Flight was not the firft ; but it was the_ mod famous. It happen'd on the 14th Year from his afl'uming the Character of Prophet and Apoftle, and promulgating his new Religion. See Mahometanism.

The Orientals do not agree with us, as to the Time of the Hegira. Among the Mahometans, AmaJJi fixes it

Obfervations, 'tis cafy reckoning how much it is, and allowing for it. See Sailing, (2c.

Height, in Geography, Navigation, (2c. is properly call'd Elevation. Fee Elevation.

The Height, or Elevation of the Pole, is an Arch of the Meridian intercepted between the Horizon and the Pole. See Pole.

The Height of the Pole is always equal to the Latitude of the Place. See Latitude.

Height, in the Manage, (2c. the Stature of a Horfe, (2c. See Stature and Horse.

It is a reputed Imperfection in a Horfe, when fet too his Legs, i. e. when the Legs are too long in

to the Year of Chrift S;o ; and from the Death of Mofes Proportion to the Body. 2347 : And Sen CaJJem, to the Year of the World 5800, Some Jockeys have determined a Meafure for them thus j according to the Greek Computation. Among the Chri- — - Take a String, and meafure from the Horfe's Withers flians Said Bbn Satrik refers the Hegira to the Year to his Elbow, and what Length that is, the fame fhould

he have betwixt the Elbow and the lower Part of the Heels.' — 'Some meafure their Colts after this Manner at a Y'car old ; being of Opinion that the Legs of a Colt at this Age, are as long as they ever will be.

The Duke of Neivcaftle, and Sir If. Hoj>e, allow this

of Chrift «I4, and of the Creation {114.

Khondemir relates, that it was Omar, the fecond Ca- liph, that firft eftablifh'd the Hegira as an Epocha, and appointed the Years to be numbered from it : At the lime he made this Decree, there were already feven Years elapfed. This Eftablifhment was made in Imitation of to hold generally, but not univerfally.

Heights,