Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/982

 HEC

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HED

The dumber of Accents is prodigious in the Hebrew. ■ — ■ There are near forty different ones 3 and of thefe, there are fcveral, whofe Ufe is not well afcertainM, not- withstanding all the Enquiries of the Learned into that Matter.

In the general, we know thefe three Things : i°. That they fcrve to distinguish the Sentences, and the Members thereof, like the Points and Comma's, &c. in Englip. jo. To determine the Quantity of the Syllables : And 5°. To mark the Tone wherewith they are to be fpoke or fung. See Accent.

"Tis no Wonder, then, there Should be more Accents in the Hebrew than in other Languages ; as they do the Office of three different Things, which in other Languages are called by different Karnes. See Punctuation, Quan- tity, &c.

As we have no Hebrew, but what is contain'd in the Scriptures 5 that Language wants a World of Words 5 not only by Rcafon, in thofe primitive Times, the Languages were not fo copious as at prefent, but alio on this Account that the infpired Writers had occasion to mention many of the Terms that might be in the Language.

The Chaldee, Syriac, Ethiopic,, Arabic, &c Languages, are all only Dialefts of the Hebrew ; as the French Italian, Spanifo, Sec. are Dialers of the Latin. See Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, &c.

Rabbinical Hebrew, or Hebrew of the Rabbins, or modern Hebrew, is the Language ufed by the Rabbins, in the Writings they have compofed. See Rabbin.

The Baiis, or Body hereof, is the Hebrew and Chaldee, with divers Alterations in the Words of thofe two Lan- guages, the Meanings whereof they have considerably enlarged and extended. Abundance of Things they have borrowed from the Arabic. — The reft is chiefly compofed of Words, and Expreifions, chiefly from the Greek} fome from the Latin; and others, from the other modern Tongues; particularly that fpoken in the Place where each Rabbin lived or wrote.

The Rabbinical Hebrew, muft be allowed a very co- pious Language : — M. Simon, in his Crit. de PAncien Wefiam. L. HI. C. 27. obferves, that there is fcarce any Art, or Science, but the Rabbins have treated thereof in it. They have translated moft of the antient Philofophers, Mathematicians, Astronomers, and Phyficians 5 and have wrote themfelves on moil Subjects : They do not want even Orators and Poets. Add, that this Language, not- withstanding 'tis fo crowded with foreign Words, has its Beauties viiible enough in the Works of thofe who have wrote well.

M. Simon fays, 'tis impoSfible to reduce it into an Art, or SyStem of Rules 5 tho' feveral learned Men are of another Sentiment j and it not only appears poSfible, but has actually been performed. Genebrard firlt attempted it in his Ifagoge Rabbiuica, which yet goes no further than to the learning to read it. Biixtorf Seconded him, at the End of his Hebrew Grammar ; where we have an additional Piece, under the Title Letlipnis Hebr<eo-Germanic<£ ufus ££ Exercitatio. Others have gone yet further : Majns has lately given us a Rabbinical Grammar, at Giejfen, under the Title of Johannis Mail Grammatica Rabbi- nica : And before him Sennert had done the fame ; Rabbinifrmts, h. e. Prtfcepta T'argumico - Talmudico Rabbinica. Wirtemb. An. 1666.

HECATOMB, Hecatombes, in Antiquity, a Sacrifice of an hundred Beaits of the fame Kind, at an hundred Altars, and by an hundred Priclts, or Sacrifices. See Sacrifice.

Pythagoras is faid to have facriflced a Hecatomb to the Mufes, of an hundred Oxen, in Joy and Gratitude, for his difcovering the Demonstration of the 47 th Proposition of the Firit Book of Euclid, viz. that in a rectangled Triangle, the Square of the Hypothenufe is equal to the Squares of the two other Sides. See Hypothenuse.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, s^Io^m, which pro- perly Signifies a fumptuous, or magnificent Sacrifice. — • Others derive it from the Greek h&m9y Centtim, a Hun- dred, and fiat, Bos, Bullock, &c. On which Footing, the Hecatomb Should be a Sacrifice of an hundred Bullocks.

For the Origin of Hecatombs. — ■ Strabo relates, that there were an hundred Cities in Laconia 5 and that each City ufed to facrifice a Bullock every Year, for the com- mon Safety of the Country 5 whence the Institution of the celebrated Sacrifice of an hundred Victims, call'd Heca- tombs. Others refer the Origin of Hecatombs to a Plague; wherewith the hundred Cities of Peloponefus were afflicted ; for the Removal whereof] they jointly contri- buted to fo fplendid a Sacrifice.

Some derive the Word from kwiiv t and t&, 'Pes, Foot 5 and on that Principle hold, that the Hecatomb might con- Sift of only twenty five four footed Eeafts. They add, that

did not matter what Kind of Beafts were chofc for Victims, provided the Quota of Feet were but had.

Yet Julius Capitotinus relates, that for a Hecatomb they erected an hundred Altars of Turf, and on thefe Sacrificed a hundred Sheep, and an hundred Hogs. He adds, that when the Emperors offered Sacrifices ot this Kind, they facrificed a hundred Lyons, a hundred Eagles, and a hun- dred other Beafts of the like Kind.

The Month wherein the annual, or ordinary Hecatomb was facrificed, was hence called the Hecatombeon. See Month.

The Athenians had a Sacrifice of the fame Kind, of- fered yearly to Mars, called Hecatomphoneuma, of vjprifi Centum, and poesu^, of 3 occido, I kill ; and that of $w©-, Cades.

HECATOMPHON1A, was an antient Sacrifice among the Mejjenians 5 offer'd by fuch as had Slain an hundred Enemies in Battel. See Sacrifice.

Paufanias makes mention of one Arijiomenes of 'Corinth, who offered no lefs than three Hecatomphonia.

The Word comes from tifgnSv and $av'iv& 3 I kill.

HECK, among Husbandmen, a Rack 5 at which Horles are fed with Hay.

It is alfo an Engine, wherewithal to take Fifh in the River Owfe. — ■ A Salmon-Heck, is a Grate for the catch- ing of that Sort of FiSh. See Salmon Fishing.

Hence, alfo, the Word Heckagium, or Heceagmm, which occurs in antient Records, for a Rent paid the Lord for the Liberty to ufe fuch Engines.

HECKLING of Hemp, See Hemp.

HECTIC, or Hectic Fever, in Medicine, a Sort of Slow habitual Fever, gradually preying on and confirming the Moifture of the Body, and ending in a 'fabes, or Confumption. See Fever.

The Hetlic is alfo an Attendant of a Confumption 5 and is reputed one of the Diagnostic Signs thereof. See Consumption and Phthisis.

The Word is Greek, U7/wV, form'd of §£/*, Habitus 5 a Quality hard to feparate from its Subject.

The Hetlic, Dr. Jpuincy obferves, is the Reverfe of thofe Fevers which ariSe from a 'Plethora, or too great a Fulnefs from Obstruction. This being attended with too lax a State of the excretory Paffdges, and particu- larly thofe of the Skin, whereby fo much runs off, as leaves not Refifiance enough in the contractile VeffeJs to keep them fufficiently diitended, fo that they vibrate oftener, agitate the Fluids more, and keep them thin and hot.

The Remedy confifts in giving a firmer Tone to the Solids, and laying more Load upon the Fluids, and thus bringing them to a better Confltience 5 which is effected by Means of Balfamicks, Agglutinants, and Foods of the belt Nourishment. — All Evacuation herein is bad.

A Milk Dier, is much recommended in Heclicks, and particularly ASTcs-Milk, as being the leaSt vifcid and heavy. Dr. Saynard propofes Butter-Milk as a Succcdaneum to Afles-Milk. According tc him, it anfwers moft of the Indications in this Cafe, as it cools, moistens, nouri flies, &c. He adds, that he has known many Perfons cured of obstinate HeBicks, by a continued TJSe ■ thereof. See Antihecticks.

HEDAGIUM, antiently Signified a Toll, or Cuflom, paid at the Hyth, or Wharf, We. for landing Merchan- dize, Goods, fife. See Wharf, Hyth, &g.'

From fuch Toll, or cuftomary Duty, Exemptions were fometimes granted by the Sovereign to particular Pcrlbns, and Societies.

The Word is form'd from Heda, a Hyth, Port or Wharf.

HEDGE, in Agriculture, &c. a Fence, inclofing a Field, Garden, or the like 5 made of Branches of Trees inter- woven. See Fence.

The Word is form'd of the German hag, or haag, or the Anglo-Saxon hegge, or hoeg $ - which Signify Simply Inclofure, Circumference.

£Hiick-fet Hedge, is that made of quick, or live Trees, which have taken Root 5 in Contradistinction to that made of Faggots, Hurdles, or dry Boughs, £$c.

To plant a ^nick-Hedge of 'Thorn, or the like, Mr. Mortimer directs, that the Sets be about as big as the Thumb, and cut within four or five Inches off the Ground : That if the Hedge have a Ditch, it be three Foot wide a-top, and one at Bottom, and two deep : that if the Hedge be without a Bank, or Ditch, the Sets be in two Rows, almoft perpendicular, and at a Foot Distance : That the Turf be laid with the Grafs Side downwards : That at every 30 Foot Distance, a young Oak, Elm, Crab, or the like be placed: That Stakes be driven into the loofe Earth, at about two Foot and a half Distance, fo low as to reach the firm Ground.

When