Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/970

 HEA

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HEA

Moors Head, is underftood of a Horfe with a black Head and Feet; the Body being ufually of a Roan Colour. See Horse. .

jltfwM JiW, is alfo ufed by Engineers, for a Kind of Bomb or Granado, (hot out of a Cannon. See Bomb and Gran a™.

il&ow /«W, is alfo ufed in Heraldry, for a Rcprefen- tation ufually in Profile, of a Slack-moon Head, fwath d or roll'd about with a Bandage; frequenly bore as a Creft. See Crest. .

JWoorc Head, in Chymiftry, is a Cover, or Capital, of an Alembic, having a long Neck, to convey the Vapours rais'd by the Fire, into a VelTcl, which ferves as a Re- frigeratory. See Alembic.

In Mufic, the Head of a Lute, Theorbo, or the like, is the Place where the Pins or Pegs are fcrew'd, to ftretch or flacken the Strings. See Lute, &c.

The SOragous Head, in Aftronomy, iSc. is the amending Node of the Moon, or other Planet. See Node, Dragon, S£r.

'R-Ehn-Ach, a painful Senfation in the Mufcles, Mem- branes Nerves, or other Parts of the Head. See Ce- phalalgia.

It is fuppofed to arife from an extraordinary Diftention of thofe Parts, either by the Fluids therein being rarificd, or their Quantity and Motion incrcas'd.

When attended with a Vomiting, Deafnefs, and Watching, it portends Madnefs ; with a Noife in the Ear, Dulnefs of Feeling in the Hands, 2>c. an Apoplexy or Epilcpfy. See Madness, Apoplexy, &c.

The Cure is by Bleeding in the Jugular; Cupping, or applying Leeches to the Temples, and behind the Ears and Neck. — Iffues, Emeticks, and Diaphoreticks are alfo occasionally ufed ; with Anti-epilepricks and Apoplecficks. > — ' A Veiicatory applied to the whole Scalp, is the lafl Remedy.

M. Homberg gives us an extraordinary Inftance of the Cure of a molt vehement and inveterate Head-Ach, by an acci- dental Bum of the Head. See Burn.

JizA-D-BoroTV, iignifies the Perfon who is chief of the !Frank-Piedge ; and had antiently the principal Direction of thofe within his own Pledge. See Vv.KHV.-T'ledge.

He was alfo called Surrow-Head, Burjholder, now Sopolder, Third-Sorow, Tything-Man, Chief-Pledge, and Soroiv-Elder, according to the Diverflty of Speech in divers Places. See TrrHiaG-Man, &c.

This Officer is now ufually call'd a High-Coujlable. See Constable.

The Head-Soroiti was the chief of ten Pledges ; the other nine were call'd Hand-Sorows, or Tlegii Mamiales. See Fribourg.

Head Farcin. See Farcin.

Head-X^, in Husbandry, is that Part which is ploughed acrofs, at the Ends of other Lands.

Head Mould-Shot, a Difeafe in Children, wherein the Sutures of the Skull, generally the Coronal, ride ; that is, have their Edges ihot over one another ; and fo clofe lock'd together, e. gr. as to comprefs the internal Parts, the Meninges, or even the Brain it felf. Sec Suture.

The Diieafe ufually occafions Convulfions ; and is fup- pofed to admit of no Cure from Medicines ; unlefs Room cou'd be given, by manual Operation, or a Divullion of the Sutures.

The Head Mould-Shot, is the Diforder oppofite to the Horfe-Shoe Head. See Horse-^os Head.

HjLA.n-'Peace, and HEAD-.fi/wr. See Common Fine.

HeAd-Jm, is when a great Wave, or Billow of the Sea, comes right a-head of the Ship, as fhc is in her Courfe.

Head-<5W/, in the Manage. See Caveson.

HEALFANG, or Halsfang, in our antient Cufloms, Collifirig'mm, or the Puniftiment of the Pillory. See Pillory.

The Word is compounded of two Saxon Words, Half, 5. e. Collmn, and jcang, Captura ; poena fcilicit qua ali- cui Collum ftringatur. See Collistrigium.

Healfang, however, cannot lignifie a Pillory in the Charter of Canunis de Forejlis, Cap. 14. Et fro culpa folvat Regi duos folidos quos T)am vacant Halfehang.

Sometimes it is taken for a pecuniary Punifhment, or Mulct, to commute for Handing in the Pillory ; and is to be paid either to the King, or to their chief Lord. — £>ui falfinn Tejlimonium dedit, reddat Regi vel Terra Tfomino Halfeng. Leg. H. 1.

HEALING, in its general Senfe, includes the whole Procefs of curing or removing a Diforder, and reftoring Health. See Cure and Disease.

In this Senfe, Medicine is defined the Art of Healing. See Medicine, ££c.

In its more relfrained Senfe, as tiled in Chirurgery, &c. Heating denotes the uniting or confolidating the Lips of

a Wound or Ulcer. See Wound and Ulcer.

The Medicines, proper for this Intention, are call'd In- catnatives, Agglutinatives, Vulneraries, (Sc. See Incar- native, Agglutinant, Vulnerary, &c.

Dr. Settle has a Difcourfe of Healing Springs and Waters in the (Philofoph. Tranfacl. N°. — . See Water and Spring.

Healing, in Architecture, denotes the Covering the Roof of a Building. See Roof and Covering.

The Healing is various ; as of Lead, Tyles, Slate, Horfiara Stone, Shingles, Reed and Straw. See Lead, Tyles, Stones, Shingles, &c.

HEALTH, Vahtudo, Sanitas, a due Temperament, or Conftitution, of the feveral Parts whereof an Animal is compofed, both in Refpccf of Quantity and Quality. ■ — Or it is that State of the Body, wherein it is fitted to difcharge the natural Functions perfectly, eafily, and durably. See Body, Life, Function, £5>c.

Health, is the State or Condition, oppofite to T)ifeafe. See Disease.

The Prefervation, and Reft oration of Health, makes the Object of the Art of Medicine. See Medicine.

The Condition, or Continuance of Health, depends prin- cipally on the fix Non-Naturals, viz. Air, Food, Exercife, the Taffmts, Evacuation and Retention, and Sleep and Waking. See each in its Place, Food, Exercise, Pas- sion, i£c.

The Antients perfonified and even deified Health ; or rather, erected a Goddefs to whom they fuppofed the Care of Health to belong. — The Greeks worfhipp'd her under the Name Hygeia, and the Latins under that of Sanitas, ■ — ■ The Place of her Worfliip at Rome was on the Mons gkiirimlis, where (he had a Temple ; and a Statue crown'd with Medicinal Herbs.

We frequently find the Goddefs Health on the Reverie of Medals. ■ — ' She is reprefented with a Serpent ftrctch'd on her left Arm, and holding a Patera to it with the left. Sometimes fhe has an Altar before her, with a Serpent twilled round the fame, and railing its Head to take fome- thing out of the fame. The Infcription is SAL. AUG.

Houje of Health, a Kind of Hofpital, or public Building, tor the Reception and Entertainment of Perfons infected with the Plague, or coming from Places infecfed therewith. See VisT-Honfe, Quarantine, c&.

In the like Senfe we fay, Officers of Health, Certificate of Health, &c.

HEAM, among Farriers, the fame with the After-birtot in Women. See Secund jne.

Thyme, Pcnny-Roya', Winter Succory, or common Hore- hound, boil'd in white Wine, and given a Mare, are efteern'd hood to expel the Heam. ■ — Dittany given in a Peffary, expels the Heam, as well as the dead Fole : So do Fennel, Hops, Savin, Angelica, t$c.

HEARING, /ludmis, the Act, or Faculty of perceiving Sounds. See Sound and Perception.

Hearing is reckon'd among our external Senfes. — Its Organ is the Ear, and particularly the auditory Nerve diftufed thro' the fame : And its Object certain Motions, or Vibrations of the Air. See Sense, Ear, and Air.

Hence, Hearing may be more fcientifically defined a Senfation, whereby from a due Motion imprefs'd on the Fibrilla; of the auditory Nerve, and communicated thence to the Senfory ; the Mind perceives, or gets the Idea of Sounds. See Sensation.

Philofophers have diftlr'd as to the immediate Organ of Hearing. — Ariftotle will have it the Cochlea and Tym- panurn, and takes the Senfe of Hearing to be feated therein. Hifi. Animal, Cap. 10. in which he is followed by Galen, Lib. 8. de llfil par. See Tympanum, &c.

The Moderns fpeak of the Point on much better Ground. — The Ear, and the feveral Parts thereof, Membranes Canals, Labyrinths, Nerves, (Sc. are only Means, Vehicles, for the Reception, Modification, and Tranfmiflion of the fonorous Matter to the Brain ; which is the Seat of the Senfe. See Brain and Sensory.

A Sound, in Effect, is nothing but a certain Refraction, or Modulation of the external Air, which being gathered by the external Ear, paries through the Meatus Audito- rius, and beats upon the Membrana Tympani, which, moves the four little Bones in the ''Tympanum. See Au- ricle and Tympanum.

In like Manner, as it is beat by the external Air, thefe little Bones move the internal Air, which is in the Tympanum and feflibulmn ; which internal Air makes an Imprefiion upon the auditory Nerve in the Labyrinth, and Cochlea, according as it is moved by the little Bones in the Tympanum ; fo that according to the various Re- fractions of the external Air, the internal Air makes various Impreflions upon the auditory Nerve, the imme- diate Organ of Hearing 5 which different Impreflions re- prefent different Sounds.

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