Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/969

 HEA

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HEA

the Part not intended for Motion. See Muscle, &c.

The Head of a Mufcle is a Tendon. See Tendon and Tail.

Head, again, is applied in the Mechanic Arts, to the Parts of Inanimate and Artificial Bodies. See Capital.

In this Senfe we fay, that fome Nails have Heads ; others Hooks; others, as Brads, neither. See Nail.

So alfo we fay the Head of a Pin, ISc. See Pis.

Head, is alio ufed in Painting, Sculpture, &c. for a Pifture, or Reprefentation of that Part of the human Body ; whether in Colours, Draught, Relievo, or Creux. See Sculpture, Busto, £i?c.

Thofe in Painting, taken from the Life, or fuppofed to bear a juft Referublance to the Perfon ; are more pro- perly call'd 'Portraits. See Portrait.

Head, in Architecture, &c. an Ornament of Sculpture, or carved Work, frequently ferving as the Key of an Arch, Plat-band, and on other Occasions. See Key and Arch.

Thefe Sort of Heads ufually reprefent fome of the Hea- then Divinities, Virtues, Seafons, Ages, c£c. with their Attributes. ' — As a Trident for Neptune, a Helmet for Mars, a Crown of Ears of Corn for Ceres, a Caduceus for Mercury, a Diadem for Jimo. See Attribute, &c.

The Heads of Beafls are alfo ufed in Places fuitable thereto : As a Bullock's, or Sheep's Head, for a Shambles, or Market-houfe 5 a Dog's, for a Kennel ; a Deer's, or Boar's, for a Park or Foreft ; a Horfe's, for an Equery, &c.

In the Metopes of the Freezes, and other Parts of cer- tain Antique, 2)oric Temples, we meet with Repreientations of Bullocks, or Rams Heads flca'd 5 as a Symbol of the Sacrifices offer'd there.

In Heraldry, the Heads of Men, Beafts, Birds, &c. are bore in Armoury, either full-faced and in front, or fide-faced and in profile ; which mull be diilinguifh'd in Blazoning. — ■ Vert a Chevron Gules, between three 'Turks Heads, Couped, Side-faced, proper: By the Name of Smith.

Among Medalliils, the different Heads on anticnt Coins, are diftinguifh'd by the different Dreffes thereof. See Medal.

In the Imperial Medals, where the Head is quite bare, 'tis ufually a Sign the Perfon was not an Emperor, but one of the Children thereof, or the prefumprive Heir of the Empire. Tho' we have Inftances of thole who were only Ctefars, and never reign'd, being crown'd with Lawrel, or adorn'd with a Diadem : As, on the contrary, we .have Emperors Pleads entirely bare.

The Heads which are cover'd, are either cover'd with j, Diadem, or a Crown, or a fimple Calk, or a Veil, or fome other foreign Covering ; whereof the Diadem is the moll antient. — The Senate firfl granted it to Julius Crffar, to ■wear the Lawrel Crown, which his Succcffors took after him. See Crown, Diadem, &c.

The Heads of Deities are frequently diftinguifh'd by fome fpecial Symbol thereof.

Head, is alfo applied to Monfters 5 fuppofed moll of them fabulouily ro have many Heads. Sec Monster, c5c.

The Serpent Aiflphisbena, or Cecilia, is faid by Na- luraliils to have two Heads. ■ — ■ The Poets attribute three Heads to Hecate, Geryon, and Cerberus : Typhon and Hydra are faid to have an hundred Heads.

The Head of the Gorgon Medufa, is faid to have ftruck People dead with the very Sight. — It has been lince tranilated into Heaven, and made a Conllellation 5 where it ftill mines as a Part or Appendage of the Conllellation iPerfeus; continuing Hill to difpenfe its malific Influences, as the Aflrologers fuppofe, upon our Earth. See Con- stellation.

The Stars, (Sc. in Medtifa's Head, which is alfo call'd from the Arabs, Ras Algol; See among the reft of Perseus. Head, is alfo ufed for the Horns of a Deer; as a Hart, Buck, &c. See Horn.

Hart's mew, or call their Heads every Year ; and get new ones. See Moulting.

The old Hart, or Buck, calls his Head fooner than the young ; and the Time is about the Months of February and March. — Having call their Heads, they inftantly withdraw into the Thickets ; hiding thcmfelvcs in con- venient Places near good Water, iSc. far from the An- noyance of Flies.

After they have mewed, they begin to button again in March, or April, i. e. to (hoot out new Horns ; which at firtl appear like little Bunches.

Note. If a Hart be gelt before he have a Head, he will never bear any ; and if he be gelt when he has a Head, he will never after mew or call it. ■ — ■ If only one of his Tefticles be taken out, he will want the Horn of that Side : If one of the Tefticles be only tyed up, he will want the Horn of the oppofite Side. See Castra- tion and Gelding.

The Age of a Hart, or Deer, is ufually reckon'd by the Number of Heads. — A Deer of the firft Head, the fecond Head, &c,

At one Tear they have nothing but Bunches, call'd M, mficators o T Horns to come. The 2d Year they appear more perfectly, but Aran and fimple : This make, the feilff Ma ; properly call d Sroches, and in a Fallow-Deer 5 'Pricks. The 5 d Year they grow into two Speers, or four, fix, or eight fmall Branches. At the 4 th, they bear eipht or ten: At the 5th, ten or twelve: At the tfth, fourteen or fixteen : At the 7 th Year they bear their Heads beamed branched and fummed as much as they will bear- never multiplying further, but only growing in Magnitude/

'The Names and 2)iverjities of Heads in the hunting Language, are as follow :

The Thing that beareth the Antlers, Royals, and Tops, is call'd the Seam ; and the little Streaks therein are Glitters. — That which is about the Cruil of the Beam, is termed 'Pearls; and that which is about the Bur it fclf, formed like little Pearls, is called 'Pearls bigger than the reft. —The Bur is next the Head, and that which is about the Bur, is called 'Pearls. — The firft is called- Antler, the fecond Sur-antler ; all the reft which grow afterwards, till you come to the Crown, Palm, or Croche„ are call'd Royals and Sur-royals; the little Buds or Broches about the Tops, are called Croches.

Their Heads go by feveral Names : The firft Head is called a Crowns-top, becaufe the Croches are ranged in Form of a Crown. — The fecond is called a 'Palmed-top, becaufe the Croches are formed like a Man's Hand. — AH Heads which bear not above three or four, the Croches being placed aloft, all of one Height, in Form of a Clufter of Nuts, are called Heads of fo many Croches : All Heads which bear two on the Top, or having their Croches doubling, are called Forked-Heads. — All Heads which have double Burs, or the Antlers, Royals, and Croches turned downwards, contrary to other Heads, are called fimple Heads. Sec Hunting.

Head, is fomerimes alfo ufed for the whole Man.

In this Senfe we fay, to offer a Reward for a Man's Head. — ■ In Profcriptions a Price is fet on a Man's Head, Sec Proscription.

Capitation is a Tax laid upon each Head ; call'd alfq "Poll mi. Head-money. See Capitation and Poll.

Head, again, is ufed figuratively in fpeaking of Com- munities and Bodies politic, for the principal or leading Member thereof. See Principal.

Thus, we fay, a Prefident, or Mailer, is at the' Head of his Company. — -< A Dean is the Head of his Chapter.

— The Miniftcrs are at the Head of Affairs, See Presi- dent, Dean, Minister, eve.

The King of Great Britain is at the Head of the Trotefiant World, SSc

Head, is alfo ufed to denote the Relation of Priority 5 or that which comes firft in any Thing. See Priority, i

In this Senfe, we fay, the Names of Authors fhould always appear at the Head of their Books. — Prefaces* and Epiflle Dedicatory, come at the Head. — The Gover- nour marches out at the Head of the Garrifon.

Head, in the military Art. — The Head of the Camp, is the Front, or fore-moll Parr of the Ground, an Army is incamped on ; or that which advances moll towards the Campaign, Field, or the Enemy. — The Head of the Camp is always to be the bell fortified. See Camp, &c.

In the like Senfe we fay, the Head of the Trenches.

— The Head of the Sap : — Of the Works, ckc. meaning thofe Parts advanced the furtheft towards the Enemy, See Works, Sap, ^Sc.

Such a Night the Head of the Trenches was carried fur- ther by an hundred Paces. — There are two Heads of a Trench ; that is, two Attacks, See Trench ancj Attack.

The Head of a Horn-Work, is that Part contained be- tween two Demi-Baflions. Sec HoRN-Wor&.

Head of a. Ship, or other Veffel, is the 'Prow, or Part that goes foremofl. See Prow. See alfo Ship.

Head, in the Manage. The Perfections required to the Head of Horfe, are that it be fmall, narrow, lean and dry. ■ — Horfes with a big grofs Head, are apt, by their Weight, to reft and loll upon the Bridle ; and fo incom- mode the Rider's Hand. — ■ A Horfe with a large Head can never look ftately, unlefs he have a long and verjr well turned Neck, and place his Head well. — ' Horfes witii grofs fat Pleads, much charged with Flefh, arc fubject to' Infirmities of the Eyes.

But the chief Thing in a Horfe's Head is a good Onfet, fo as he may be able to bring his Head into his natural Situation ; which is, that all the fore Part, from the Brow to the Nofe, be perpendicular to the Ground ; fo that if a Plummet were applied thereto, it wou'd but juft raze or fhave it. See Horse.

The Head of a Horfe is alfo ufed to import the Action of his Neck, and the Effect of the Bridle and Wrift.


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