Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/965

 HAU

dried Bricks, lined with Mats, for the Eggs to lye on ; and the Tops cover'd with Sticks, except two Spaces, which are Brick, and ferve as Hearths to build the Fires en wherewith the Eggs are to be heated. — Over thefe, is another Story of Ovens ; having Holes, which arc either ilop'd with Tow or left open at Pleafurc, to govern the Heat of the Ovens below.

They begin to heat the Ovens in the middle of Ja- nuary ; fpending every Morning about an hundred Pound Weight of Camel's or Buffalo's Dung, and the like Quantity at Night ; till the middle of February ; by which 1 line the Ovens are roo hot for the Hand to be held upon the Walls. —After this they put in the Eggs to hatch ; which they continue fucccffivcly till the End of May.

The Eggs are firft pur upon Matts in the lower Ovens, upon the Ground, 7 or 8000 Eggs in Number, and laid only double, one upon another ; in the Ovens over thefe, the Fire is made in the little Channels, from whence the J [eat is conveyed into the lower: The Eggs directly under thefe Hearths lie threefold.

At Night, when they new-make their Fires in the Hearths, they remove the Eggs that were directly under- mofl, lying three one upon another, in the Place of thofe which lay on the Sides only double ; and thefe being now removed, they lie treble under the Hearth, becaufe the Heat is greater there, than on the Sides.

Thefe Eggs continue in the lower Ovens fourteen Days and Nights ; after which they remove them into the upper. And in rhefe, there being now no more Fire ufed, they turn the Eggs four Times every twenty four Hours.

The nfi, or 22^ Day, the Chickens are hatched; which, the firft Day eat not : The fecond, they are fetched away by Women who give them Corn, iSc. The Mailer of the Ovens hath a third Part of the Eggs for his Coil and Pains ; out of which he is to make good to the Owners, who have two thirds in Chicken for their Eggs, if any happen to be fpoil'd, or mifcarry.

The Fire in the upper Ovens, when the Eggs are placed in rhe lower, is thus proportioned. — The firft Day the greatcft Fire, the fecond lefs than the firft ; the fourth more than the third, the fifth lefs, the fixth more than the fifth, the feventh lefs, the eighth more, the ninth with- out Fire, the tenth a little Fire in the Morning, the ele- venth they fhut all the Holes with Flax, &c. making no more Fire ; for if they mould, the Eggs would break. They take Care that the Eggs be no hotter rhan rhe Eye of a Man, when they are all laid upon it can well endure. When the Chickens are hatch'd, they put them into the lower Ovens, ISc.

Hatching, or Haching, in Defigning, Engraving, ■tec. fignifies the making of Lines with a Pen, Pencil, Graver, or the like ; and the interfecling, or going a-crofs thofe Lines, with others drawn over them another Way. See Engraving, Design, ££V.

The Depths and Shadows of Draughts are ufually form'd by Hatching, or Hatch-Work.

What is furprizing in the Gravings of Mellon and Sadelers, is, that they cxprefs the Shadows exceeding well, without any Hatches, or Hatchings. See Shadow.

Thefe Hatchings are of great life in Heraldry, to di- Ilinguiih the fevcral Colours of an Efcutcheon, without its being illumined. See Colour.

The firft Kind of Hatching in Pale, or from Top to Bottom, fignifies Gules, or Red. — The fecond in Fefs, a-crofs the Coat, Azure or Tilue.

Hatching in Pale, tounter-hatch'd in Fefs, fignifies Sable, or Black. — Hatching in Bend, proceeding from righr to left, fignifies Green : And that in Bars, from left to right, 'Purple.

When the Coat is only dotted, it is fuppofed to be Or. And when quite bare, or void, Argent, or White. See Argent, &c.

The Invention is, commonly, afcribed to Ta.'Pietra Sancla. ■ — Tho' theSieur de la Colo?nbiere,has difputed his Title to it.

HATCHMENT, in Heraldry, the Marfhalling of fe- vcral Coats of Arms in an Efcutcheon. See Marshalling.

Hatchment, is alfo a popular Name for an Atchieve- rtient. See Atchievement.

HATTOCK, a Shock of Corn, containing twelve Sheaves. 1 — Others make it only three Sheaves laid together.

HAVEN, a Sea-Port, or Harbour for Ships. See Port and Harbour.

The Word is derived from the Saxon Hafene ; or the German hafen, or the French havre, which all fignifie the fame Thing.

HAUNCH, or Hanch, the Hip; or that Part of the Eody between the laft Ribs, and the Thigh.

The Haunches confift of three Bones, joyn'd together by Cartilages ; which, in Courfe of Time, grow dry, hard, and bony ; fo that in Adults, the three only feem to con- ilitute one continued Bone. See SacrAm.

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HAW

The Haunches, or Hips, of a Horfe, are thofe Parts of the hind Quarters, which extend from the Reins or Back to the Hoot or Ham ; See Horse. '

One of the moft neceffary Leflbns in managing the great Horfe, is that of putting htm upon his Haunches -, which in other Terms is called to couple him well or to put him well together or compact.

A Horfe that does not bend, or lower his Haunches throws himfelf too much upon his Shoulders, and is heavy upon the Bridle. — To drag the Haunches, is to chanoe the leading Foot in Galloping.

HAUNT, among Hunters, the Walk of a Deer, or the Place of his ordinary Paffage. See Hunting.

HAVRE, in Geography, eV. a French Term; fignifying the fame with Haven, or Harbour. See Harbour.

HAUTBOY, or Honor, a Sort of Mufical Inftrument, of the Wind-kind, with a Reed to blow or play it withal. See Instrument.

The Hautboy is ftiaped much like the Flute, only that it fpreads, or widens, more toward the Bottom. The Treble is two Foot long : The Tenor goes a fifth lower, when blown, or founded open. It has only feven Holes: The Bafs is five Foot long, and has eleven Holes.

The Word is French, Haut-bois, q. d. High-wood ; and is given to this Inftrument, by Reaf'on its Tone is higher than that of the Violin.

HAW, among Farriers, (gc. a Griftle growing between the nether Eye-lid and the Eye of a Horfe, and which will put it quite out, if not timely taken away.

It comes by giofs, tough, and flegmatic Humours, fal- ling from the Head, and knitting together, which in the end grow to this Infirmity, the Signs whereof are the watering of the Eye, and the involuntary opening of the nether Side.

Every Smith can cut it out : The affecfed Bead is to be held fail by the Head, and with a ftrong double Thread, a Needle to be put in the midll of the upper Eye-lid, and tied to his Horn : Then taking the Needle again, with a long Thread, and putting it through the Griille of the Haw ; with a fharp Knife cut the Skin finely round, and fo pluck out the Haw. — That done, lay about his Eye, take out the Blood, wafh it with Beer, or Ale, and call in a good deal of Salt ; wafli it again afterwards, ftroaking it down with your Hands, and fo let him go. — To cure a Sheep of rhis Malady, drop into the Eye the Juice of Cammomile, or Crows-foot.

HAWK, Acciptter, a Bird of Prey, of a bold and ge- nerous Nature; whereof there are ieveral Species. See Bird.

The Hawk makes the Subject of a particular Art, call'd Hawking, or Falconry. See Hawking and Falconry.

Naturalifts difagree about the Number and Divifion of the Hawk-kind. — -The moft commodious Diflribution is into I.ong-winged and Short-winged Hawks.

To the Long-winged, which may be alfo call'd the Falcon-Ttibc, belong the Falcon, Haggard Falcon, Ger- falcon, Lanner, Hobby, Saker, Merlin and Biwler ; all which are reclaim'd, manu'd, fed and mucd, much after the fame Manner. — Of thejlmrt-winged Species, or Hawks properly fo call'd, arc the Gos-Hawk, and Sparrow-Hawk.

The former are generally brought to the Lure ; and feize their Prey with the Foot ; breaking the Neck Bone with their Beak, ere they proceed to plume or tire it : The latter are brought to the Fift ; and kill their Game by Strength, and force of Wing, at Random ; and proceed immediately to plume them. See Lure, Plume, (5c.

It is to be noted, that the Female of all Birds of Prey is much larger, ftronger, and more couragious than the Male ; which is diftinguifhed therefrom by fomc dimi- nutive Name. — Thofe of the Falcon and Gos-Hawk, are call'd Tiercels, or l"iercelets ; that of the Gerfalcon, Jerkin 5 that of the Merlin, Jack ; that of the Hobby, Robbin ; that of the Sparrow-Hawk, Musket ; and that of the Lanner, Lanneret.

Hawks alfo have different Names, according to their different Ages. — The firft Year (he is call'd a Soarage.

— The fecond an Enterview. — The third a white Hawk.

— The fourth a Hawk of the firft- Coat.

Add, that they have different Denominations according to the different Seafons when they are taken. — Thofe taken m the Eyrie, are call'd Eyejjfes, or Nyeffis. — Thofe which had forfaken it, and were fed in fome Place, not far off, by the old ones, Sranchers. — • Thofe which had begun to prey for thcmlelves, Soar-Hawks. — Thofe which have chang'd their Feathers once or more, Mew'd Hawks. — And thofe which lived at large, and prcy'd for themfclves about the Woods, Hagards.

We fh all here, according to our Method in other Things, give the Reader what relates to the feveral Species of Hawks ; referring for what is common to 'em all, to the Article Hawking.


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