Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/963

 HAR

Pome to Men by their Peckings. But the Ancients, as the fame VoJJius obferves, knew nothing of' thefe Birds. By the Harpies, therefore, he thinks, they could mean nothing elfc but the Winds ; and that it was on this Account they were made Daughters of Eleclra, the Daughter of Ocea- nia. Such is the Sentiment of the Scholiafts of Apollo- mus, Hefioii, and Euftathius. — Their Names Aelle, Ocy- pate, and Cteleno, are fuppofed to be a further Argu- ment. r

HARPINEER, the Enainecr, or Fifherman.who manages, and throws the Harping Iron. See Harping Iron.

The Harpineers, are the mofl robuft and dexterous Perfons in the Crew of Ships fent on Whale Fifhing. — Their Place is at the End of the Pinnace, and they direft the Pilot as well as the Rowers. When they come within Reach of the Whale, they dart their Iron with great Ve- hemence into his Head, fo as to penetrate the Skin and Fat, and enter deep into the Flem. Immediately upon this, the Whaie dives to the Bottom, and when he returns to the Air again to fetch Breath, the Harpineer takes Occafion to ftrike him afre/h ; tho' he would have died of the former Wound; it being a Circumflance well allured, that Blood never itanches, nor Wounds ever heal in the Water.

This done, the other Fi/hers approach a Side of him, and run a long Spear (lio'd with Iron, under the Fins, thro' the Intcftines, into his Breaft. The Blood now fpouts out, and the Carcafe welters in its own Fat. It remains to tow him to Shore, there to cut off the Blubber, iSc. See Whale Fishery.

— Aflbon as the Harpineer perceives the Sturgeon's Belly, which is frequently turning, now on this Side, and then on that, he darts his Iron into the fame, as being deftitute of Scales. tDenis H/Jl. de I'Amerique. See Sturgeon Fishery.

HARriNG-Thw, Harpago, a Sort of Dart, or Spear, faflen'd to a Line, wherewith they catch Whales, and other large Fill;, as Sturgeons, &c. See Harpineer.

This Harping-Iron is a large Javelin of forged Iron, five or fix Foot long, with a iharp, cutting, triangular Point, barbed like that of an Arrow. At the upper End is engraven the Harpineer's Name, near a Ring, to which the Line is faflen'd, which they let down, aflbon as the Beaft is ftruck, to give him Room to dive, ?Sc. See Whale Fishery.

Harpings, in a Ship, is properly her Breadth at the Bow; tho' fome call the Ends of the Bends, which are faflen'd into the Stem, by the fame Name.

HARPOCRATIANS, a Seft of Hercticks, mention'd by Celftts; the fame with Carpocratiaus. See Carpocra- tians.

HARPSICHORD, or Harpsichoe, a Mufical Inftru- ment of the Wind-Kind ; play'd after the Manner of an Organ. See Organ.

The Italians call it Clave Cimbala, and the French Clavecin. In Latin it is ufually call'd Grave Cyinbalum, q. d. a large or deep Cymbal. See Cymbal.

The Harpfichord is furnifh'd with a Set of Keys; fometimes two Sets : — • The touching, or flriking of thefe Keys, moves a Kind of little Jacks, which move a double Row of Chords, or Strings of Brafs and Iron, flretch'd on the Table of the Inflrument over four Bridges. See Music.

HARQUEBUS, or Harojtebuss, in cur ancient Sta- tutes, call'd alfo Arq^uebuse, Haq_ueeut, or Hagbut ; is a Hand-Gun ; or a Fire-Arm of a proper Length, &c. to be bore in the Arm. See Gun.

The Harquebus is properly a Fire-Arm, of the ordinary Length of a Mufquet, or Fowling-piece ; cock'd, ufually, with a Wheel. — ■ Hanzelet prefcribes its Legitimate Length to be 40 Calibers 5 and the Weight of its Ball one Ounce, feven eights ; its Charge of Powder as much.

There is alfo a larger Kind, call'd Harquebufs a Croc, much of the Nature of our BlunderbufTes, ufid in War, for the Defence of Places; being ufually refled on fome- thing when difcharged.

Tne firft Time thefe Inftruments were feen, was in the Imperial Army of Sourbon, who drove Sonnivet out of the State of Milan. — ■ They were fo big and heavy, that there were two Men to carry them.

The Word Harquebus, is form'd of the French, Ar- quebiife ; and that from the Italian, Arcobufio, or Area Abufo, of Arco, a Bow, and Sujio, a Hole ; on Account of the Touch-Hole, at which the Powder is put to prime it- and that it fucceeded to the Bows of the Ancients.

'HARRIER, a Kind of Hound, call'd in Latin, Sagax, from his tracing, or chafing by Foot. ■ — ■ Being endow'd with an admirable Gift of Smelling, and alfo very bold in the Purfuit of his Game. See Hound.

There are feveral Kinds; all differing in their Services ; fome are for the Hare, Fox, Wolf, Hart, Buck, Badger, t

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HAT

Otter, Pole-Cat, WeafeJ, Coney, and feme for one Game fome for another, &c. See Hunting.

HARROW, in Husbandry, a Drag made in a Square Form, to break the Clods of Earth after Plou«hin<r. See Ploughing, Tilling, Sowing,^.

It confifts of three Parts ; i\ The Harrow-Bulls, which, are the Holes where the Nails go in ; 2°. The Slots which are the Crofs-Pins; 3. The Harrow Tines, Pins, or Tufhes, which arc Iron Nails ; 4. The Hook, beinc that which faftens the Horfe to them j 5. The Couples/ when two Harrows are tied together.

HART, in the Foreft Law, a Stag of five Years old compleat. See Game.

If the King or Queen hunt him, and he efcape, he is called an Mart Royal. See Hunting.

And if by fuch Hunting he be chafed out of the Fo- reft, Proclamation is commonly made in the Places adja- cent, that in Regard of the Paftimc the Bcaft has afforded the King or Queen, none ftiall hurt, or hinder him from returning to the Foreft; upon which he is call'd an Harp Royal proclaimed. See Purlieu, &c.

H&RTs-Hor?2, Cormi Cervi. See Harts-HoRN.

HA.RT-Htmtmg. See Hart-Hv uting.

HARTH-2^, and Harth-Silver, {Sax. beopjjpenlr^) See CuiMN-EY-Mwzey, and VKTER-'Pence.

HARUSPEX, or Aruspex, in Antiquity, a Sort of Prieft, or Diviner, who infpe&s and confiders the Entrails of Beafts, particularly thofe of Victims ; to find Signs, or Indications of fomething he wants to know. See Divi- nation.

Cicero de Divinat. L. II. explains the Difference between Aufpex and Hamfpex. See Auspices.

The Word is Latin, form'd of Hara, an Augur's Bird 5 or Har?/ga i Vifcera, Entrails ; and mfpicio, I look into.

In Fejlus we meet with Harviga, or Hantiga, which he defines to be a Victim, whofe Vifcera are confider'd while yet remaining together. Upon which M. 1)acier obferves, that Harviga is form'd from <£&$■$ juries, by inferting the Eolic liigamraa, before the /, thus, <*f«f. It was properly, therefore, a Ram they facrificed; but afterwards the Name became common to all Victims. See Victim.

HASSOCK, or Haseck, probably of the ^Teutonic Ilafe^ Hare, and Socks, becaufe Hare-Skins are fometimes worn inftead thereof to keep the Feet warm in the Winter; de- notes a Bafs, or Cufhion made of Rufhes, to kneel upon in Churches.

HASTA, among Antiquaries and Medallifts, fignifies a, Kind of Javelin, not fho'd or headed with Iron; or rather, an ancient Scepter, fomewhat longer than ordinary, occa- fionally given to all the Gods. See Scepter.

The Hafia is fuppofed a Symbol of the Goodnefs of the Gods, and of the Conduct of Providence, which is equally mild and forcible.

The Hafia ^ur a on Medals, is that unadorn'd with any < Ferrils, &c.

In fome Countries, Hajla is a Meafure, or Quantity of Ground, amounting to ;o Paces; thus call'd, according to M. du Cange, from the Hafta, Pole, or Rod, wherewith it was meafured.

HASTIVE, or Hasting, a French Term fometimes ufed in Englip, for hajly, forward, or fomething that comes before the ordinary Time or Seafon.

The Hastive Fruits are Straw-berries and Cherries. — We have alfo Hafiive Peas, &c.

HAT, a Covering for the Head, wore by the Men throughout the Weftern Part of Europe. Sec Head.

Hats are chiefly made of Hair, Wool, &c. work'd, full'd, and fafhion'd to the Figure of the Head. See Hair. and Wool.

Hats are faid to have been firft feen about the Year 1400 ; at which Time they became of Ufe for Country Wear, Riding, ££c. — ■ Father ^Daniel relates, that when Charles II. made his Publick Entry into Rouen in 1449, he had on a Hat, lined with red Velvet, and furmounted with a Plume, or Tuft of Feathers. — He adds, that it is from this Entry, at leaft under this Reign, that the Ufe of Hats and Caps is to be dated, which hencefor- ward began to take Place of the Chaperoons and Hoods, that had been wore before.

In Progrefs of Time, from the Laity, the Clergy like- wife took the Habit; but it was look'd on as a crying Abufe, and feveral Regulations were publifh'd, forbidding any Prieft, or Religious, to appear Abroad in a Hat with- out Cornets; and enjoyning them to keep to the Ufe of Chaperoons, made of black Cloth, with decent Cornets : If fhey were Poor, they were at leaft to have Cornets faflen'd to their Hats, and this upon Penalty of Sufpenfion and Excommunication. — ■ Indeed, the Ufe of Hats is faid to have been of a longer Standing among the Ecclefiaftics of 'Brittany, by two hundred Years; and principally among

the