Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/956

 HAM

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HAM

HALTING, among Farriers, ESfc an Irregularity in the Morion of a Horfe, arising from a Lamenefs, or other Injury in the Shoulder, Leg, or Foot ; which leads him to fpafe the Part, or ufe it too timoroufly.

An Acquaintance with this Diforder, in its feveral Cir- cumftances, is a Thing of great Extent in the Affairs of the Manage; for which Rcalbn we /hall add the principal Points relating thereto. — Il : a Horfe Baits, 'tis either be- fore 5 in which Cafe his Grief lies' either in the Shoulder, the Legs, or Feet : Or behind, where it muft lye in the Hip, Ham, or the like.

i°. The Signs which indicate it in the Shoulder, are his not lifting up his Leg, but trailing it on the Ground ; or his cafting out one Leg more than the other, and with his Knee, in a Manner, unbent. 1 — Add that in turning Ihort he will vifibly favour the Leg on the lame Side. Again, if the Ailment be found in the Shoulder, it muft either be in the Top of the Shoulder Blade, call'd the Withers, which is known by his Halting moft when a Perfon is on his Back, his Shrinking much, and offering to bite when griped, and handled about the Top of the Shoulder Blade : Or in the Bottom of the Shoulder Blade, joyning to the Marrow Bone, which is the fore Pitch ot the Breaft ; which is known by his treading his Steps thick, and Shrinking, ready to fall down, when prefs'd in that Part ; Or in the Elbow, which joyns the Marrow Bone to the Leg ; which is known by wincing, and taking up his Foot when pinch'd there.

2 . If the Grievance be in the Legs, it cither lies in the Knee, or Paftern Joint, which he difcovers by refuting to bow the one or the other, and going ftiffiy on it : Or in the Shank,w\nc\\ is discovered by fome Splint, Screw, Wind-gall, or other vifible Malady thereon.

3 . If it be in the Foot ; it is either in the Coronet, and owing to fome Strain, to be diffinguiSh'd by fome Tumor, or breaking thereon, or its appearing hot and burning to the Touch : Or in the Heel, owing to an Over-reach or the like, and viiible to the Eye, as alfo by his treading altogether on his Toe: Or in the @uartef$\ between the middle of the Hoof and the Heel, which is known by his Halting more when on the Edge of a Bank than when ' on plain Ground. — 'This is fome times cccafion'd by being pricked with a Nail in the Shoeing ; and the faulty Nail is dHHngui.fh.ed by pinching 'the Head of each Nail, and the Ploof together with a Pair of Pinchers.

If a Horfe halt behind, from a Diforder in the Hip, or Huckle Bone, he will go Sidelong, and not follow fo well with that Leg as the others ; nor will he turn on that Side without favouring the Leg ; add, that he fliows it ftill moft, in walking on the Side of a Bank with the worfl Leg higheft.

If a Horfe has any hidden Infirmity, that will bring him to halt when he comes to Travel, it may be dif- cover'd by running him in the Hand on fmooth Way, at the Length of the Halt.r ; and obferving how he lets down his Legs : If he favour none of them, he is to be further proved, by riding him roundly till well heated ; then letting him Hand itill an Hour, and after that running him in the Hand at Halters length as before.

HALYMOTE, properly Signifies an Holy, or Ecclefia- ftical Court. See Halmote.

There is a Court held in London by this Name, before the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, for regulating the Bakers. — It was antiently held on Sunday next before St. 'Thomas's Day, and for this Reafon called the Halymote, or Holy- Court. — The Title thereof runs thus : Cura fanBi-motus tenta in Guilhalda Civitatis London. Coram Majors & Vicecom. &c.

HALYWERCFOLK, antiently fignified fuch Perfons of the Province of ^Durham, as held Lands, on Condition of defending the Corps of St. Cuthbert ; and who hereupon claimed the Privilege not to be forced to go out of the Bifhoprick either by King or Bifhop. Hi ft. iDimelm.

Hence Iherbam in our Year Books is called Franchife de Werk. Selden.

HAM, a Saxon Word, properly dignifying a Houfe, or Dwelling-Place. — Sometimes it alfo dignifies a Street, or Village.

Hence it is that the Name of many of our Towns end with it ; as Notting/:W»z, Buckingham, Xtfalftngham, Sec.

Ham, is alfo a Part of the Leg of an Animal ; being the inner, or hintL-Part of the Knee ; or the Ply, or Angle, in which .the Leg and Thigh, when bent, incline to each other. 6ce Leg, Thigh and Knee.

HAii, in Commerce, tSc. is ufed for a Thigh or Shoulder of Pork, dried, fcafon'd, and prepar'd to make it keep, and give it a brill agreeable Flavour. See Gammon.

Weftphalia-Hams, fo much in Vogue, arc prepared by Salting them with Salt-Petre, prefiing them in a Prcfs

eight or ten Days, fteeping them in Juniper Water, and drying them by the Smoak of Juniper Woods.

HAMADRYADES, in Antiquity, fabulous Deities, re- vered among the ancient Heathens, 'and bclievM to prefide over Woods and Forefts, and to be inclofcd under the Bark of Oaks. See God.

The Word is compounded of aua } fnmil, together; and fpv&fj 2)ryad, of J^w, Oak. See Dryades.

The Hamadryades, apx.S-yvd.fcfy were fuppofed to live and dye with the Trees they were atraeh'd to; as is ob- ferved by Servius on Virgil, Eccl. X. v. 6z. after Mene- fimachus, the Scholiaft of Apollonius, &c. who mention other Traditions relating thereto.

The Poets, however, frequently confound the Hamadry- ades, with the Naiads and Napce<£ ; witnefs Catullus Cam. LXIII. v. 2,3. Ovid. Faft. IV. 229. "Proper. Eleg. XX. 52. See Naiads.

Feftus calls them ^tierquetulaii^, as being iffued, or fprang from Oaks. An ancient Poet, one l Pheremcus y in Athengus, L. III. calls the Vine, Fig-Tree, and other Fruit Trees, Hamadryades, from their Mother's Name.

HAMAXOBII, Hamaxobians, in the ancient Geo- graphy, a Nation of People who lived wholly in Cha- riots ; whence their Appellation, from etftet^a 3 a Car t or Chariot, and fifef, £»/<?■

The Hamaxobii, or Hamaxobit<e, were an ancient Peo- ple of Sarmatia Etirop^a, inhabiting the Southern Part of Mufcovy. — They had no Houfes, but Tents made of Leather, and fix'd on Chariots, to be ready for Shifting and Travel.

HAMBOROUGH Company. Sec Company.

HAMMELING, or HAM-ftringiug, the Aft of cutting off the Ham.

Hameliug, or Hambling of Dogs, is the fame with Ex- pediting, or Lawing. See Expeditating,

HAMLET, Hamel, or Hampsel, from the Saxon, Ham, Houfe, and the German, Let, Member ; are Dimi- nutives of Ham; and fignifie a little Village ; or rather, a Part of a Village. See Village.

The learned Spelman upon thefe Words, /hewing the Difference between Villi integra, Villa dimidia , & Hamlera, fays, Hamleta vero, qttce medietatem friborgi non obtin-uit, hoc eft tibi quinque capi tales plegii non dsprehenfi fint. — ■ The Statute of Exon, 14 Ed-tv. I. mentions this Word thus, Les nofmes de tomes les Villes & Hamlets que font en fon Wapentake. In an ancient MS. it is expounded the Seat of a Free-holder.

HAMMER, an Inftrument of Iron, with a Handle of Wood; ufed in moft mechanic Arts, to beat, Stretch, drive, &c. See Beating, &c.

Bodies capable of being ftretch'd, or extended, under the Hammer, are iaid to be malleable. See Mallea- bility.

The Latins call it Malleus, of Martellus, by which Name < I'li??y calls it, when he fays, that Cynira, Daughter of Agriope, invented the Hammer and Pinchers. Menage derives the Latin Name a Marte, & Martus.

The Hammers of Forges, are moved or worked by a Watcr-Mill. "See Force.

Hammer Hardening. See Hardening.

Hammer of a Clock. See Clock and Clock- Work.

Hammer, in Anatomy. See Malleus.

HAMMERING, the Act of beating, or extending, and faShioning a Body under the Hammer. See Hammer.

When it is perform'd on Iron heated for the Purpofe, the Smiths ufually call it Forging. See Forging.

Hammering, in Coining. — ■ A Piece of Money, or a Medal, is faid to be Hammefd, when ftruck, and the Impreffion given, with a Hammer, and not with a Mill. See Coin and Medal.

For the Method of Coining -with the Hammer, See Coining.

HAMMOCK, or HamAc, a Kind of hanging-Bed - fufpended between two Trees, Pofts, Hooks, or the like; much ufed throughout the Weft Indies, as alfo on Board of Ships.

The Indians hang their Hamacs to Trees, and thus fecure themfelves from wild Beafts and Infects, which ren- der lying on the Ground dangerous.

The People of the Caribbee Iflancls are wonderfully fuperftitious in the Point of their Hamacs ; and do not make them without a deal of Ceremonies. — ■ At each. End of the Room, they put Bags of Afhes, without which, it is the Opinion, that the Hammock won't laft. if they were to eat Figs on a Hammock, they believe it would rot: Nor dare they eat any Fifh that has good Teeth, as believing that would make their Hammock foon wear thro*.

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