Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/955

 HAL

[ 203 ] HAL

Mr. Huygens fuppofes Halo's, or Circles round the Sun, to be formed by fmall round Grains of a Kind of Hail made up of two oifferent Parts; one of whirl, U ™l«. =„

Here, Meetings of the Citizens are held, for the Election of Officers, folemn Entertainments, Z§c.

Hall, is alfo particularly ufed for a Court of Juftice ; or an Edifice wherein there is one or more Tribunals. See Court, Justice, and Tribunal.

In Wejlminfier Hall are held the great Courts of this Kingdom to. the Kmg's-Bench, Chancery, Common- Pleas and Exchequer. See Kings-Buncm, Common Pleas, and Exchequer.

Above Stairs, is likewife held the High Court* of Par- liament. See Parliament.

Weflminfter-Hall was the Royal Palace, or Place of Refidence of our antient Kings = who ordinarily held their Parliaments, and Courts of Judicature, in their Dwelling- Houfes, (as is ftill done by the Kings of Spain) and fre- quently fat the faid Courts of Judicature, as they ftill do in parliament.

A great Part of this Palace was burnt under Henry VIII. what remains is ftill referved for the faid Judicato- ries. ■ — The great Hall, wherein the Courts of Kings- Bench, Sic. are kept, is faid to have been built by William Rufus ; others fay by Richard I. or II. 'Tis reckon'd fuperior, in Point of Dimenfions, to any Hall in Europe, being ;co Foot long, and 100 broad.

„ & ,T T «ri: % j r ,-ili ■ r ,. , es ' ou 8 ht t0 appear ftrongefl: at the Difta


 * El ,) lS ,', ■ r i ° °' h br ° Ught f ° r Sa,e t0 tT 26 De § rccs f ™> Ae Sunf and to decay gradually

Slackwel-Hall in London both Ways, as the Diftance from him increafcand de-

The Word is alfo ufed for Toll paid to the Lord of a creafes: And the fame is to be underlined of Lirfit, ttanf- Fair or Market, for Commodities fold in the common Hall mitted through fpherical Hail-ftones — Add that if the

n »l?Tm» tf nn r • Hail be a little flatted, as is often the Cafe, the Light

HALLELUJAH, a Term ofRejoycing, fometimes fung tranfmitted may grow fo ttrong at a little lefs Diftance or rehears d, at the End of Verfes on that Occafion. than that of itf Degrees, as to form a Halo about the

St. Jerom firft introduced the Word Halleluiah into the Sun or Moon ; which Halo, as often as the Hail-ftones are Church Service : For a confidcrsble Time it was only d "ly figured, may be coloured j and then ir muft be red

p of two different Parts; one of which is opake, mclofed m the other which is tranfparent : Which is the Structure really obferved in Hail. See Hail.

After the fame Manner he accounts for the 'Parhelia ■ only that there he imagines the icy Grains of an oblonw Figure, and rounding at the Ends; like Cylinders with round Convex Tops. — Where feme of thefe Cylinders are in an erect Pofition, the Circle they form will be white by Reafon of the Refleflion of the Ravs of the Sun on the' Surface of thefe Cylinders.

He proceeds to account for the coloured Halo's, and 'Parhelia, from the fame Hypothec's ; and produces an Experiment of a glafs Cylinder, a Foot long, having within it an opake Kernel, (which was a Cylinder of Wood) and the ambient Space filled with Water : This Cylinder being expofed ro rhe Sun, and the Eye dif- pofed in a proper Place ; the feveral fucceffive Reflections and Refraftions neceflary to produce fuch an Effect did plainly appear.

The Light which comes through Drops of Rain by two Refractions, without any Reflection, Sir If. Ne-Men oblerves, ought to appear ftrongefl: at the Diftance of

u ed once a Year, in the Latin Church, viz. at Eajter But in the Greek Church it was much more frequent. St. Jerom mentions its being fung at the Interments of the Lead, which it ftill continues to be in that Church ; alfo on fome Occafions in Lent.

In the Time of Gregory the Great, it was appointed to be fung all the Year round in the Latin Church, which rais'd fome Complaints againft that Pope, as giving too much into the Greek Way, and introducing the Ceremonies of the Church of Conftantinople into that of Rome. But he excufed himfelf by alledging that this had been the antient TJfage at Rome ; and that it had been brought from Conftantinople at the Time when the Word Halle- luiah was firft introduced under Pope Damafus.

The Word is Hebrew ; or rather, it is two Hebrew Words joyn'd together ; one of them Y??n, hallelu, and the other 7\i, ja, an Abridgment of the Name of God, nin>, Jehova. The firft fignifies Laudato, praife ye ; and the other 1>ominum, the Lord.

HALLIARDS, or Halyards, in a Ship, are Ropes which ferve for hoifting up all the Y~ards, except the Crofs Jack, and the Sprit-fail Yards. See Yard.

HALMOTE, or Halimote, from the Saxon beale, i.e. Aula, Hall, and gemOc, conventus, Meeting; is the fame with what we now call a Court-Baron ; the Word im- plying a Meeting of the Tenants of the fame Hall or Manor. See Baron.

Omnis caufa terminetur, vel Hundredo, vel Comitatu, vel Halimote, focam habentium vel dominorum curia. L L. Hen. I. Cap. 10.

The Name is ftill retained at jAlfton, and other Places in Herefordfhire. See Mote.

It is fometimes alfo taken for a Convention of Citizens in their public Hall ; which was alfo call'd Folkmot and Halmot. See Folkmote, Hall, &c.

This Halmote and Halimote, are often confounded with the Folkmote, though originally they were two diftinct Courts. In Effect, the Halimote properly fignifies the Lord's Court, or a Court Baron held in rhe Manor, in which Differences between the Tenants were determined. See Manor, Court, Tenant, Lord, £?c.

HALO, in Phyfiology, a Meteor, in Form of a luminous Ring, or Circle, of various Colours, appearing round the Bodies of the Sun, Moon, and Stars. See Meteor.

That around the Moon is the moft ufual ; and is alfo call'd Corona, Crown. See Corona.

That about the Sun is peculiarly call'd 'Parhelia. See Parhelia.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, <&"<, or a.hm, Area.

Naturalifts conceive the Halo to arife from a Refract ion of the Rays of Light in their paffing thro' the fine, rare

within by the leaft refrangible Rays, and blue without by the moft refrangible ones ; efpecially if the Hail-ftones have opake Globules of Snow in their Centre, to inter- cept the Light within the H lo, as Huygens has obferved, and make the infide thereof more diftiniliy defined than it would otherwife be.

Such Hail-ftones, though fphetical, by terminating the Light by the Snow, may make a Halo red within, and colourlcfs without, and darker in the red than without, as Halo's ufe to be : For of thofe Rays which pafs clofe by the Snow, the Rubriform will be leaft refracted, and fo come ro the Eye in the direfleft Lines. Optics.

HALSFANG. See Healkanc and Pillorv.

HALT, in War, a Paufe, or Stop, in the March of a military Body. See Pause.

In Places full of Defiles, frequent Halts muft be made, The Army made a Halt to reft themftlvcs.

Some derive the Word from the Latin Halitus, Breath; it being a frequent Occafion of halting, to take Breath: Others from alto, by Reafon in Halts they raife their Pikes, iSc an End.

HALTERIST.&, Halterists, in Antiquity, a Sort of Players at Difcus ; denominated from a peculiar Kind of Difcus, by the Greeks call'd «Aiilf, and by the Latins Halter. See Discus.

Sudeus, and others, take the Halter to have been a leaden Weight, or Club, which rhe Vaulters bore in their Hands, 1 to fecure and keep themfclves the more fteady in their Leaping. — . Nor will thefe Authors allow of any Sort or Halter befides this Weight ; nor other Halterifts but thefe Vaulters. — • But Cornarius, in his Comments on Galen, refutes the Opinion.

Others, as Cornarius, Confiantine, and Porttis, will have the Halter to be a Lump, or Maflive of Lead, or Stones with a Hold, ot Handle, fix'd to it, by which it might be carried ; and that the Halteriftce were thofe who exer- cifed themfclves in removing thele Maflives from Place to Place. — Thefe Authors add, that the Weight, or Ball mention'd by IBudceus, was not call'd aATtlp, Halter, but et.McTiif, AlBer, which fignifies Affiflance, Help.

Hier. Mercurialis, in his Treatife de Arte Gymnaftica, L. II. C. ii. diftinguiftics two Kinds of HalterifltS ; for tho' there was but one Halter, thete were two Ways of applying it. — > The one was to throw or pitch ir in a certain Manner, or only to hold it out at Arm's End ; and in this Pofture to give themfelves divers Motions, fwinging the Hands backwards and forwards, &c. accord- ing to the engraven Figures thereof given us by Mercurialise

The Halter was of a cylindrical Figure, lefs in the middle, where it was held, by one Diameter, than at the

two Ends. It was above a Foot long; and there was one Veficuice ok a thin Nubecula, or Vapour, toward the Top of for each Hand : It was either of Iron, Stone, or Lead, our Atmofphere ; which Account they confirm hence, that Galen, De mend. Valetud. Lib. I. Lib. V. and Lib. VI.

c Atmofphere ; a Quantity of Water being thrown up againft the Sun, it breaks and difperfes into Drops, it forms a Kind of Halo, or Iris, exhibiting the Colcurs of the Natural ones. See Rainbow.

t

fpeaks of this Exercife, and /hews of what Ufe it is in purging the Body of peccant Humors ; making it equivalent both to Purgation and Phlebotomy. Sec Exercise and Gymnastic,

HALTING,