Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/953

 HAI

JTiews that there is a direa Communication; and t all the Parts are affected alike. - To which it may be added, that there arc Inttanccs of Perfons, who by intenfe Grief, or Fear, have been known to grow grey in a Night's

It may be obferved, however, that, in Propriety, the Lite and Growth of Hairs, is of a different Kind from that ot the reft of the Body; and is not immediately derived therefrom, or reciprocated therewith. — 'Tis rather of the Nature of Vegetation. They grow as Plants do cut ot the Earth ; or as fome Plants moot from the Parts 0l others ; from which tho' they draw their Nou- rilhment, yet each has, as it were, its fevcral Life, and a diitmCt Oeconomy. — They derive their Food from fome Juices in the Body, but not from the nutritious Juices of the Body ; whence they may live, tho' the Body be ftarv'd. Sec Vegetation, Plant £^c.

The Hairs, examined by the Microfcope, appear to be fifiulous Bodies like Horns. Their tubulous Structure is confirm'd from the Difeafe call'd 'Plica Polonica, wherein the Blood oozes out at their Extremities. See Plica.

Each Hair is found to confift of five or fix other leffer ones, all wrapp'd up in one common Tegument : They are knotted like lome Sorts of Grafs, and fend out Branches at the Joints. — They have each a round bul- bous Root, which lies pretty deep in the Skin, being im- planted in the pyramidal Papilla: ; and by this they im- bibe, or fecrete, their proper Food from the adjacent Humors. Their Extremities fplit or divide into two or three Branches, efpecially when kept dry, and left to grow too long ; fo that what to the naked Eye appears only a fingle Hair, to the Microfcope feems a Brum.

They turn grey on the fore-part of the Head, and par- ticularly about the Temples, fooner than behind; the back-patt affording them the proper Juice longer than the reft. See Temples.

For the like Reafon they fall fooneft on the Crown of the Head. See Head.

Their Size, or Thicknefs, depends on the Magnitude of the Pores they iffue from : — If thofe be fmall, thefe ate fine : If the Pores be ftraight, the Hairs are ftraight : If thofe be oblique or finuous, the Hair is curl'd.

They ordinarily appear round, or cylindrical; but the Microfcope alfo difcovers triangular, and fquare ones ; ■which Diverfity of Figures arifes from that of the Pores; to which the Hairs always accommodate themfclves. Their Length depends on the Quantity of the proper Humor to feed them ; and their Colour on the Quality of that Hu- mor : Whence, at different Stages of Lite the Colour ufually differs.

The Hair of a Moufe, view'd by Wt.Derham with a Microfcope, feem'd to be one fingle tranfparent Tube, with a Pith made up of fibrous Subftance, running in dark Lines, in fome Hairs tranfverfly, in others fpirally. The darker medullary Parts, or Lines, he obferves, were no other than fmall Fibres convolved round, and lying clofer together, than in the other Parts of the Hair. They run from the Bottom to the Top of the Hair ; and, he ima- gines, may ferve to make a gentle Evacuation of fome Hu- mor out of the Body. Hence, the Hair of hairy Animals, this Author fuggefts, may not only ferve as a Fence againft Cold, &c. but as an Organ of infenfible Per- fpiration.

It was eftcem'd a notable Honour among the ancient Gauls, to have long Hair ; and hence came the Appella- tion Gallia Comata. For this Reafon Julius Cefa.r, upon fubduing the Gauls, made them cut off theit Hair, as a Token of Submiffion. — ■ It was with a View to this, that fuch as aftetwatds quitted the World, to go and live in Cloiftcrs, procured their Hair to be ihaven off; to fticw that they bid Adieu to all earthly Ornaments, and made a Vow of perpetual Subjection to their Superiors. See Tonsure.

Greg, de T'ours affures us, that in the Royal Family of France, it was a long Time the peculiar Mark and -Privilege of the Kings and Princes of the Blood, to wear long Hair, artfully drefs'd and curl'd : Every body elfe were obliged to be cut round, in Sign of Inferiority and Obedience. Some Writers aifure us, that there were dif- ferent Cuts for all the different Qualifies and Conditions, from the Prince, who wore it at full Length ; to the Slave, or Villain, who was quite cropt. Hottoman treats at large of this Privilege of the Kings of France. Franca Gallia, C. n.

To cut off the Hair of a Son of France, under the firft Race of Kings, was to declare him excluded from the Right of fuccecding to the Crown, and reduced to the Condition of a Subject. Fa. Daniel, Hift. de France,

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Perfons they had a particular Honour and Eftccm for; who, irtue of this Ceremony, were reputed a Sort of fpirimal

Parents,

God-fathers

thereof. — Tho' this Practice ap- pears to have been more ancient, inafmuch as wo read that Ccnjl 'amine fent the Pope, the Hair of his Son He- raclms, as a Token that he defircd him to be his adop- tive Father. See Godfather, Adoption, eTc.

The Parade of long Hair became 1H11 more and more obnoxious in the Progrefs of Chriftianity ; as lbmething utterly inconfiftent with the Profcffion of Perfons who bore the Crofs. Hence numerous Injunctions and Canons to the contrary. ' — Pope Anicetas is commenly fuppofed to have been the firft who forbad the Clergy to wear long Hair ; but the Prohibition is of an older Standing in the Churches of the Eaft ; and the Letter wherein that Decree is wrote, is of a much later Date than that Pope. ■ — ' The Clerical Tonfure is related by Jfidore Hiffalenfis, as of Apoftolical Inftitution. See Clerc.

Long Hair was anciently held fo odious, that there is a Canon ftill extant of the Tear lojxf, importing, that fuch as wore long Hair, fhould be excluded coming into Church while living ; and not be pray'd for when dead.

We have a furious Declamation of Luitprand againft the Emperor Phocas, for wearing long Hair, after the Manner of the other Emperors of the' Eajh ; all except Thcofhilns, who being bald, enjoyn'd all his Subjcfls to Jliave their Heads.

The French Hiftorians and Antiquaries, have been very exact in recording the Head of Hair of their fevcral Kings. — Charlemaign wore it very fhort, his Son fhorter, Charles the Said had none at all. Under Hugh Carer, it began to appear again : This the Ecclefiallicks took in Dudgeon, and excommunicated all who let their Hair grow. 'Peter Lombard cxpoftulated the Matter fo warm- ly with Charles the Toung, that he cut off his Hair ; and his SucceiTors for fome Generations wore it very fhort.

A Profeffor of Utrecht, in 11J50, wtote exprcfly on the Queftion, whether it be lawful for Men to wear long Hair ? and concluded for the Negative. — Another Divine, named Reves, who had wrote for the Affirmative, teplicd to him.

The Greeks, and after their Example, the Romans, wore falfe Hair. See Perruke.

Wlllferus, in the 'Philosophical Collcfl ions, gives an Ac- count of a Woman buried at Noriniberg, whofe Grave being open'd 43 Tears after her Death,' there was Hair found iffuing forth plentifully thro' the Clefts of the Coffin; infomuch that there was Reafon to imagine, the Coffin had fome Time been cover'd all over with Hair. — The Cover being removed, the whole Corps appeared in its perfect Shape; but from the Crown of the Head to the Sole of the Foot, cover'd over with a thick fet Hair, long and curl'd. — The Sexton going to handle the upper Part of the Head with his Fingers, the whole Structure fell at once ; leaving nothing in his Hand but a Hand full of Hair: There was neither Skull, nor any other Bone left ; yet the Hair was folid, and ftrong enough.

Mr. Arnold, in the fame Collection, gives a Relation of a Man hang'd for Theft, who in a little Time, while he yet hung upon the Gallows, had his Body ftrangely cover'd over with Hair.

Dr. Tyfou adds, that tho' the outward Surface of the Body, be the ufual Place where the Hair grows; yet it has been fometimes found on the Tongue, in the Heart, the Breafls, Kidneys, iSc. but that there is fcarce any inward Part more fubject to it, than the Ovary, or Tefticles of Females. Phil. ColleS. N°. 2.

Hair, makes a vety confiderable Article in Commerce ; efpecially fmce the Mo'de of Pennies has obtain'd. See Perruke.

The Hair of the Growth of the Northern Countries, as England, etc. is valued much beyond that of the more Southern ones, as Italy, Spain, the South Parts of France, &c.

The Merits of a good Hair confift in its being well fed, and neither too coarfe nor too flendcr; the Bigncfs rendering it lefs fufceptible of the artificial Curl, and' dif- pofing it rather to frizzle ; and the Smallnefs making its Curl of too ihort Duration. — Its Length fhould be about 25 Inches; the more it falls ihort of this, the Ids Value it bears.

There is no certain Price for Hair, but it is fold from Five Shillings to Five Pound an Ounce, according to its Quality.' — 'The grey is the moft coveted, then the white, CSV.

The Scarceneis of grey and white Hair has put the Dealers in rhat Commodity upon Methods ct reducing other Colours thereto. — This is done by fprcading the . ,,, y, it was the Cuftom for People of ?"> to blrach ™ .*« Grafs, like Linnen /after firft want- Quality, .0 have thei/chiktrens Hair cut the firft Time, by 1B g " ° ut "> a >•»««■ *"er. See Bleaching.


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In the Sth Century,