Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/952

 HAI

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HAI

to deliver him to him, whofc Ward he was on Account of his Land. Sec Ward and Guardian.

H.&REDIPETA, in our ancient Law-Books, the next Heir. Et nullus Hteredipeta fiuo propinquo vel extranet) perictilofa fane cujlodia committamr. Leg. H. Cap. 70.

ILERESIARCH, Harefiarcha, of the Greek, 'Aipn*?%f 9 an Arch-Heretick, See Heretic.

H./ERESIS, Herefiy, \ c JHeresy.

HvERETICUS, Heretic, f IHeretic.

H^ERETICO Comburendoi is a Writ that lies againft one who is an Heretic, viz. who having once been con- victed of Herefy by his Bimop, and having abjured it, afterwards falling into it again, or fome other, is thereupon committed to the fecular Power. See Heretic, £Jc.

Sir EdwardCoke was of Opinion, that this Writ did not -lye in his Time: But it is now formally taken away by Statute, Car. II.

HAGARD, in Falconry, a Hawk, or Falcon, not taken in the Heft ; but after Jlie had been inured to Liberty, and preying for her felf. See Falconry.

Hagard Hawks, are hard to tame, and bring under Difciplinc. See Hawk, and Falcon.

The Word is French, and fignifies jfer ce' 5 fome derive it from the Latin agrefie, wild; Others, from the German hag, Inclofure, fortified Place. — Whence, Monf. Huet ob- fcrves, the Word Hagard is fome times applied to a Man who becomes hardy and proud, in Confidence of the Strength of the Place he is in.

HAGIOGRAPHA, a Name given to Part of the Books of Scripture, call'd by the JewsC&etUvim. See Scripture, Bible, SSfo

The Jews divide the Sacred Writings into three Gaffes : TheZtfw 9 which comprehends the five Books of Mofes: The 'Prophets, which they caU -JTeiri/ffi 5 and the Chetwoim, q.d. Writings, call'd by the Greeks, &c. Hagiographa, com- prehending the Book of Tpalms, Proverbs, yob, c Daniel, Efdras, Chronicles, Canticles, Ruth, the Lamentations, Ecclefiafies and Efiher.

The yews call thefe Books the Writings, by way of Eminence, as being wrote by immediate Infpiration of the Holy Spitit. — Thus fay Kimhhi, in his Preface to the iPfiJws; Maimonid.es, in More. Neb. and Elias Levita, in his Thisbi, under the Word 3H3.

They difhinguifli them, however, from the Prophets; in that their Authors did not receive the Matters contained in them, by the Way call'd Prophecy, which confifts in Dreams, Virions, Whifpers, Extafies, £5c. but by mere iimple Infpiration, and Direction of the Spirit. See Inspi- ration.

The Word is compounded of «;*©-, holy ; and y^& 7 I write.

The Name is very antient : St. Jeroni makes frequent Mention of ir. — Before him, St. Epiphanius call'd thefe Books limply T &.$&&»

HAGI0S1DERE, or Hagiosidire. ~ The Greeks, who are under the Dominion of the 'Turks, being pro- hibited the Ufe of Bells, make ufc of an Iron to call People to Church, call'd Hagiofidere. See Bell.

Mdgius gives us the DeTcription of a Hagiofidere he had feen. — Tis a Plate of Iron, about 3 Inches broad, and fixteen long, failen'd by the middle to a Chain, or Cord, whereby it is fufpended at the Church-Door. Qn this they ifrike with an Iron Hammer, with fome Meafure and Cadence, fo as to make no difagreeable Noife.

They alfo carry a Hagiofidere before the Prieit in a Proceffion of the Sacrament to any lick Perfon, beating on it from Time to Time, to advertife the People to adore it; much as in the Romifij Church they do with a Bell.

The Word is compounded of aj^©-, holy ; and mJ)t- &t, Iron.

HAIL, Grando, in Phyfiology, an aqueous Concretion, in Form of white, or pellucid Spherules, defcending out of the Atmofphcrc. See Meteor and Atmosphere.

Hail, is conceiv'd to be form'd of Drops of Rain, frozen in their Paffage thro 1 the middle Region. See Rain and Freezing.

Others, take it for the Fragments of a frozen Cloud, half melted, and thus precipitated and congeal'd again. See Cloud and Barometer.

Accordingly, the Cartefiaus define Hail to be a Cloud, cither wholly, or in Part liquified ; which tending down- ward by its own Gravity, is, in irs Paffage, froze by the lmpreffion of fome very cold Wind; and thus precipitated, for the moft Part, in round tranfparent Glebes. — They add, that if the Cloud have been totally liquified, the Hail- {tones are pellucid ; otherwife, only partly fo. See Snow.

Hail aflumes various Figures, according to the Degrees of Heat or Cold of the Air, which the Parts of the liqui- fied Clouds pafs thro' : Sometimes 'tis round, fojnc times

Angular, Triangular, Pyramidal, &c. fometimes thin and flat, flar-like, with fix equal Points, fi&f. m

Hail is obferved frequently to attena Thunder and Lightning ; the Nitre that contributes to the one, having likewife a large Share in the Production of the other. See Thunder, Nitre, &c.

Natural Hiftories furni/h us with various Inftances of extraordinary Showers of Hail. — In the 'Philofoph. Trau- fatlions, Dr. Ha/ley, and others relate, -that in Chepire* L.ancajbire, &c. April 29. itfpy, a thick, black Cloud, coming from Camarvonjhire, difpofed the Vapours to congeal in fuch Manner, that for about the Breadth of two Miles, which was the Limit of the Cloud, in its Proprefs for the Space of 60 Miles, it did inconceivable Damage : Not only killing all Sorts of Fowls, and other l'mall Animals, but fplitting Trees, knocking down Horfcs and Men, and even ploughing up the Earth, fo that the Hail-fiones buried themfelves under Ground, an Inch, or an Inch and a half deep. — The Hail-fiones, many of which weighed five Ounces, and fome half a Pound, and were five or fix Inches about, were of various Figures, fome round, others half round ; fome fmooth, others embofs'd and crenilated a The Icy Subilance of them was very tranfparenc and hard 5 but there was a fnowy Kernel in the middle of them.

In Hertford]}} ire, May 4. the fame Tear, after a fevere Fit of Thunder and Lightning, a Shower of Hail fuc- ceeded, which far exceeded the former : Some Perfons were kill'd by it, their Bodies beat all black and blue : Vaft Oaks were fplit, and Fields of Rye cut down as with a Scythe. The Stones were meafur'd from ten to thirteen or fourteen Inches about. Their Figures were various, fome oval, others picked, fome flat. 'Fhilofoph. Tranfatl. N". 229.

At Zi fie in Flanders, \6%6, fell Hail-fiones of a very large Size ; fome of which contained in the middle a dark brown Matter, which thrown on the Fire, gave a very great Report. <Phil. Tranfatl. N°. 205.

Mezeray, fpeaking of the War of Louis XII. in Italy, in the Year 15 10, relates, that there was for fome Time, a horrible Darknefs, thicker than that of Night ; after which the Clouds broke into Thunder and Lightning, and there fell a Shower of Hail-fiones, or rather as he calls them Pebble-ftones, which deltroy'd all the Eifh, Birds, and Beafts of the Country. — It was attended with a ftrong Smell of Sulphur ; and the Stones were of a bluifh Colour : Some of them weighing an hundred Pounds. Hifi. de France, T. II. p. 539.

HAILE, a Sea Term, ufed either to call to a Ship to know from whence /he comes, and whither /lie is bound ; or elfe to falute her, and wi/h her well. — • To hale a Ship, is alfo the fame Thing as what we call pulling a-fhorc.

HAIR, little {lender Threads, iffuing out of the Pores of the Skins of Animals ; and ferving moil of them as a Tegument, or Covering. See Skin and Pore.

In Lieu of Hair, the Nakednefs of fome Animals is covcr'd with Feathers, Wool, Skins, lye. See Feather, Wool, &c.

The Hair is found on all Parts of the Body, except the Soles of the Feet, and the Palms of the Hands. — But it grows longeft on the Head, Beard, in the Arm-Pits, and about the Privities. See Pubes, &c.

The Phyiicians diftinguifh it into Kinds, and give it divers Denominations ; but this only in Greek and "Latin. — The Hair of the Head they call Capillus : That of Wo- men particularly, Coma, from xt>/*oV, to drefs and adji/fi ; and that of Men Cfjaries, from cedendo, becaufe often cut : That of the Back of the Head, Juba and Crines : That hang- ing behind the Ears, Cincinni ; q. d. curled and buckled.

The Antients held the Hair a Sort of Excrement, fed only with excrementitious Matters, and no proper Part of a living Body. — ■ They fuppofed them generated of the fuliginous Parts of the Blood, exhaled by the Heat of the Body to the Surface, and there condenfed in paffing thro' the Pores. — ' Their chief Reafons were, that the Hair being cut,- will grow again apace, even in extreme old Age, and when Life is very low: That in Hcclic, and' Confumptive People, where the reft of the Body is continually ema- ciating and attenuating, the Hair fhall thrive : Nay, and that it will grow again in dead Carcafes. — They added a that H air did not feed and grow like the other Parts, by Introfufccption, i.e. by a Juice circulating within 'em $ but, like the Nails,^ by Jujctapofition, each Part next, the Root thrufting forward that immediately before it.

But the Moderns are all agreed that every Hair does properly and truly live, and receive Nutriment to fill and diftend it like the other Parts ; which they argue hence, that the Roots do not grow grey in aged Perfons, fooner than the Extremities, but the whole changes Colour at once ; And the like is obferved in Boys, file, which

ihews