Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/951

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animal Spirits, lodg'd in the Brain, ready to be fent at the Motion of the Will, by means of the Nerves which open or terminate in the Brain, into the Mufclcs of the Body. See Brain and Nerve.

Now, an Influx of Spirits into a Mufclc, occafions a Swelling; and of Conference, a ffiortening of the Muf- Moderns extend' the Name to any K cle ; and confequently a Motion of the Part that whether by the Nofe, Mouth *

fheVcffels, as when they are too full, or too much prefs'd- or from an Erofion of the fame, as when the Blood" is too fharp and corrofivc. See Flux and 'Blood.

The Hemorrhage, properly fpeaking, as underftood by the Greeks, was only a Flux of Blood at the Nofe- but the

Mufcle is faften'd to. See Muscular Motion.

Further, the Spirits do not always find all the Roads open and free, which they arc to pafs thro' ; whence that Diffi- culty we perceive of moving the Fingers with that Quicknefs neceffary to play on a Mufical Inftrument ; or of moving the Mufcles neceffary to pronounce the Words of a foreign Language. But, by Degrees, the Spirits, by their continual Flux, fmoothen the Ways; fo that at length they meet with no Refiftance at all. Now, 'tis this Facility the Spirits find of paffing, when directed into the Mem- bers of the Body, that Habitudes confifl. SeeSpiRiT.

On this Hypothefis, 'tis, eafy accounting for an Infinity of Phenomena relating to the Habitudes. — Why, for In- ftance, Children acquire new Habits with more Eafe than grown Perfons : Why, 'tis difficult getting rid of invete- rate Habits : Whence that incredible Quicknefs in the Pronunciation of Words, even without thinking of them, as is particularly obfervable in thofe long accuftom'd to Formula's, &t.

On this footing, the Faculty of Memory appears to have very much the Nature of a Habitude ; infomuch that in one Senfe it may pafs for a Habitude. See Memory. See alfo Passion, Natural Inclination &c

HACHES, and HACHING. See Hatches and Hatching.

HACKNEY. Sec Haqjjeny.

Hackney Coach. See Hackney Coach.

HADRlANEA.or HabrianAl'ia, in Antiquity, Games inftituted in Honour of the. Emperor Hadrian, or Adrian. See Games.

There were two Sorts of Ha.iriitnalia, the one held every Year, and the other every five Years.

HEMATITES, or Hematites Lapis, in Natural Hiftory, the Blood-Stone ; a ruddy Mineral in Form of a Stone; thus call'd, either on .Account of its refembling dry, curdled Blood, or of the Faculty it has of ftanching Blood ; from the Greek, Zi/m, Sanguis, Blood.

Winy reckons five Kinds, viz. the Ethiopic, the An- Arodomas, or black, the Arabic, the Elalires, or Milites, and the Chiftos ■ befide that commonly call'd the Magnes Hematites; from the Property it has of attracting Iron.

The five Sorts differ chiefly in point of Hardncfs: The beft, according to Diofcorides, is that which is friable, hard, black, and fmooth, without either gritty Parts, or Veins.

That commonly us'd by the Painters is factitious ; being made of Armenian Bole, and other Drugs.

The Native, or Foffil Kind, comes from Egypt, Bohe- mia, &c. It has divers Ufes in Medicine ; being held cool- ing and aftringenr, and in that Quality prefcribed in Hx- morrhages. — It is given, in Subitance, in Form of a fine Powder.

The Gilders ufe it for Burnifhers, to poliih their Gold withal, Banfchius has an exprefs Treatife on this Stone. See Gilding.

HEMATOSIS, in Medicine, the ABion whereby the Chyle is converted into Blood ; call'd alio Sanguification. See Sanguification.'

The Word is form'd of the Greek, ai(A&, Sanguis, Blood.

The chief of the vital Acf ions, are the Chylofis, and Hematofis. See Chylosis, Blood, £S?c.

HEMOPTYSIS, or Hjemoptoe, in Medicine, a fpit- ting of Blood ; occafion'd by the Rupture, or Erofion of fome Veffcl of the Lungs; and accompanied, ufually, with a Cough, and a Senfe of Preffure on the Breaft. See Blood.

The Hemoptyfis differs from a Vomiting of Blood, in that in the Hemoptyfis, the Blood comes from the Lungs, and for that Reafon is florid and frothy ; whereas in the Vomiting of Blood, it comes from the Stomach, and is blackifll.

The Hemoptyfis is occafioned by violent Shouts, or Cries; by Strains, Falls, vehement Coughs ; by the Suppref- iion of fome ordinary Evacuation, or by the Abundance of fome /harp corrofive Humor.

The Hemoptyfis is either accidental, or habitual — The latter is a Symptom of the 'Phthifis. It is beft cured, according to Morton, by the Cortex: It is ftopp'd by Aftringents, as Armen. Sol. Sang. "Dracon. Lapis Hemat. &c. See Phthisis.

The Word comes from ttlyA, Blood 5 and ttuhc, to fpit.

HEMORRHAGE, in Medicine, a Flux of Blood, at any Part of the Body; arifing either from a Rupture of

Lungs, Stomach, Interlines, Fundament, Matrix, or the hke.

Hypochondriac, Scorbutic, and Cachectic Perfons are

liable to various and immoderate Hemorrhages. ' The

Cure of Hemorrhages arifing from a Plethora, is by Evacuants, and particularly Phlebotomy, to caufe a Revul- fion. — . That from an increas'd Velocity of a thin acrimo- nious Blood, is to be attack'd with Coolers, and Agglu- tinants.

The principal fimple Remedies in Hemorrhages, are Album Grecum, Spirit or Oil of Vitriol, Calcanthum rubified, Colophony pulverized, Oil of Turpentine, De- coction of Catechu, Cortex Tenro. &c. Sec Styptics.

A Ligature on the Limb has frequently a good Effect : So Elecl. Boylean.'Pulvis Galeni ; Elecl. Styptic. Tiuclur, Rofar. Epithem. de Saccbar. Saturn. &c.

An Hemorrhage at the Amis, is more ufually call'd 3 Xlyfentery. See Dysentery.

The Word is compounded of the Greek, *'."«, Sanguis, Blood ; and pt,w», or pujVu^cu, f range, rumpo, erumpOj I break, burft forth, &c.

HEMORRHOIDAL, an Epithet given to the Veins and Arteries of the Intefiinum Retfum, and the Funda- ment ; as being the Seat of the Hemorrhoids. See He- morrhoids.

The Hemorrhoidal Arteries are two ; the one internal \ the other external.

The internal is a Branch of the lower Mefenteric, which: running along the Rettum, terminates at the Fundament; the external fprings from the Hypogaftric Artery,

The Hemorrhoidal Veins are alio internal and external.

The internal carries back the Blood of the Reclam and Fundament, which it embraces regularly; and is in- ferted fomctimes into the fplenic Branch of the 'Porta, and fomctimes into the Mefenteric: The external brings back the Blood from the mufculous Parts about the Fundament, and terminates in the Hypogaftric Vein.

HEMORRHOIDS, in Medicine, a Difeafe of the Fundament, popularly call'd the 'Piles.

The Hemorrhoids are a painful, periodical Tumor, in the lower Part of the Intefiinum Retlum ; ufually appear- ing externally in the Anus. — They may be confider'd as a Sort of varicous Tumors in the Hemorrhoidal Veins ; arifing from the too great Abundance of morbid Blood therein. See Hemorrhoidal Vefifels.

The Difeafe is either Jlmple, as when the "Veins alone are tumified; or compound, as when the neighbouring Parts become infected, or an Excrefcence arifes therefrom, as a Ficus, Crifia Galli, Condyloma, or the like.

Hemorrhoids are either open, fluentes, that is, yield Blood ; or blind, exce, where the Parts are only tumid.--* In the firft, the Veffels of the Reffum are open ; in the latter, there is fome Obstruction, which occafions them to fwcll.

The Hemorrhoids fometimes are internal, and caufe' great Pain in going to Stool; efpecially if the Faces be indurated : After which they often appear externally, and Blood is feen upon the Excrements.

Etmuller is careful in diftinguilliing the genuine, he- morrhoidal Flux, from a bloody Diarrhoea, frequent in fcorbutic Cafes. — The Hemorrhoids are ufually open'd by the Attrition of the Excrements in a Stool, fo that the Blood flows at jhe fame Time with the Excrements 3 but if it flow promifcuouily before, as well as after the Excrements, and without Pain, 'tis a fcorbutic Flux.

Where the Flux is exceffive, Phlebotomy, and Cupping, are good, by way of Revulfion ; and internally, Aftringents and Opiates. — ■ Upon a Suppreffion of the ufual Flux, without removing the Caufe, the open Hemorrhoids dege- nerate into the blind: In which Cafe they mull be open'd again with Alocticks, 65c. Tamarinds are held excellent to affwage the Flux. Chalybeate ftrike at the Caufe of the Evil. Scrophulary, Onion, and Leek, are much com- mended.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, aintfox, Sanguinis proflumum, Flux of Blood; which is compounded of <s<,m, Shod, and /ism, / flora.

HEREDE abduSo, is a Writ that lay for the Lord, who, having by PJght the Wardlhip of his Tenant under Age, could not come by his Body, as being conveyed away by another. See Ravishment de Gard.

Hjerede deliberando alii qui habet enfiodiam terre,

a Writ directed to the Sheriff, willing him to command

one that had the Body of him who was ward to another,

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