Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/946

 GUN

( i<tf )

GUT

Bafe, making 90 Deg. the Angle oppoSte to the Perpendi- cular will be greater than the Angle oppofite to the Bafe 5 and consequently the Angle 53 Deg. 55 Min. will be the Angle fought.

5° The Hypothenufc of a right-angled Spherical Trian- gle Icing given, fuppofe 60 Degrees', and one of the Sides to Degrees, to find the Jingle oppofite to that Side.

As the Sine of the Hypothenufe 60 Deg. is to Radius, fo is the Sine of the given Side 20 Deg. to the Sine of the Angle fonght — Extend the Compaffes on the Line of Sines, from 60 Deg. to the Radius or 90 Deg. and the fame Ex- tent will reach on the Line of Sines the fame Way, from 20 Deg. the given Side, to 23 Deg. 10 Min. the Quantity of the Angle fought.

C u The Courfe and Diftaxce of a Ship being given, to find the 'Difference of Latitude and 'Departure.

Suppofe a Ship fails from the Latitude of 50 Deg. 10 Min. North, S. S. W. 48. 5 Miles: As Radius is to the Diifance failed 48. 5 Miles, fo is the Sine of the Courfe, which is two Points, or the fecond Rhumb, from the Meri- dian, to the Departure — Extend the Compaffes from 8 on the artificial Sine Rhumb-Line, to 48. 5 on the Line of Numbers • the fame Exicnt will reach the' fame way from the fecond Rhumb, on the Line of artificial Sines of the Rhumbs, to rhe Departure Welting jS.tf Miles.

Again, As Radius is to the Diftance failed 48.5 Miles, fo is the Cofine of the Courfe 6-j Deg. 30 Min. to the Diffe- rence of Latitude—Extend- your Compaffes front the Ra- dius, on the Line of Sinas, to 48.5 Miles on the Line of Numbers ; the fame Extent will reach the fame way, from 67 Deg. 30 Min. on the Line of Sines, to 44.8 on the Line of Numbers 5 which converted into Degrees, by allowing <5o Miles to a Degree, and fubflracted from the given North- Latitude 50 Deg. 10 Min. leaves the Remainder 49 Deg. 1 J Min. the prelcnt Latitude.

7° The Difference of Latitude and Departure from the Meridian being given ; to find the Courfe and Di'ftance.

A Ship from the Latitude of 59 Deg. North, fails North- Eaftward till /he has altered her Latitude 1 Deg. 10 Min. or 70 Miles, and is departed from the Meridian 57.5 Miles, to find the Courle and Diftance— As the Difference of Lati- tude 70 Miles isto Radius, fo is the Departure 57.; Miles to the Tangent of the Courfe 39 Deg. 20 Min. or three Points and a half from the Meridian — Extend the Com- paffes from rhe fourth Rhumb, on the Line of artificial Tangents of the Rhumbs, to 70 Miles on the Line of Num- bers, the fame Extent will reach from 57.5 on the Line of Numbers to the third Rhumb and a half on the Line of artificial Tangents of the Rhumbs, to 70 Miles on the Line of Numbers.

Again ; as the Sine of the Courfe 39 Deg. 20 Min. is to the Departure 57.5 Miles, fo is the Radius to the Diflance 90.S Miles — Extend the Compaffes from the third Rhumb and a half, on the artificial Sines of the Rhumbs, to 57.5 Miles on the Line of Numbers ; that Extent will reach from the Sine of the eigth Rhumb, on the Sines of the Rhumbs, to 90.fr Miles on the Line of Numbers.

8° Three Sides of an oblique Spherical Triangle being given, to find the Angle oppofite to the greatefi.

Suppofe rhe Side A B, Fig. %6. be 40 Deg. 'the Side B C tfo Deg. and the Side AC»< Deg. to find the Angle ABC. Add the three Sides together, and from half the Sum fub- llracl: the greater Side A C, and note the Remainder; Thus, e. gr. the Sum will be 19* Deg. half of which is 98 Deg. from which iubftracfing 9S Deg. the Remainder is 2 Deg.

Then extend the Compaffes from the Sine of 50 Deg. to that of the Side A B 40 Deg. and applying this Extent to the Sine of the other Side B C tfo Deg. you will find ir reach to a fourth Sine 34 Deg.

Again ; ftom this fourth Sine extend the Compaffes to the Sine of half the Sum, /. e. the Sine of 72 Deg. the Complement of 98 Deg. to 180; this fecond Extent will reach from the Sine of rhe Difference 2 Deg. to the Sine of 3 Deg- 24 Min. againft which, on the verfed Sines, ftands hi Deg. 5 o Min. the Quantity of the Angle fouetit.

GUN-SHOT Wounds. See Wound.

GUSSET, in Heraldry, one of the Abatements of Ho- nour. See Abatement.

The GnfTet i s faid to be appropriated to lafcivious, effe- minate, or wanton Perfons. It is form'd of a Line drawn from the Dexter, or finifter Angle of the Chief, and defending diago- nally to the chief Point; from whence ano- ther Line falls perpendicularly upon the Bafe : as in the Figure adjoining.

GUST, -x f

gustation; s

Taste and Gout,

r Taste a \Tasxin

Cvsr-Hcfpes, is ufed by Braffon and other antient Writers, for a Stranger, or Guefi, who lodges with a Per- fen the iecond Night. ,

In the Laws of St. Edward, publimed by Lamtard, it is written Gejl. Sec Uncouth.

GUTTA, a Latin Term for what in EttgUfh we call Drop. See Drop.

Guttm Anglicans, the EngliJJj "Drops, or the Volatile LLnglifh Drops, or Goddard's Drops, is a medicinal Liquor prepared from divers Ingredients $ of fovereign Efficacy againft Coagulations of the Blood, malignant Fevers, and particularly the Small-Pox, Obrtru&ions, Epileptics, droufy Difeafes, Vapours, £5?c.

The Inventor ofthefe celebrated Drops, was Dr. God- dard, a Phyfician o€ London. The Secret of their Compofi- tion was purchafed by King Charles II. at the Price of 6000 Pounds Sterling 3 whence the Denomination Gnttg Angli- can^.

This coftly Receipt, we /hall here gratify the Reader withal, a Meilleure Marche : ( Take five Pounds of human 1 Cranium of a Perfon bang'd, or dead of fome violent ' Death, two Pounds of dried Vipers, two Pounds of Hart s-


 * Horn, and two of Ivory 5 mince the whole finally put it in


 * two or three Retorts, and diftill it in a reverberatory Fur-


 * nace, with the fame Precautions as are ordinarily ufed in

' diftilling Hart's-Horn and Vipers, to extract their volatile,

( and make them well, in order to loolen the volatile Salt ' from the Sides of the Veffels. Pour the whole into a large ' Glitfs Cucurbite, and filtrate it through a Brown-Paper, in
 * Salt. When the Veffels or Receivers are cold, unlutc 'em,


 * order to feparate the Oil, which is here ufeleJs : Put the


 * filtrated Liquor in a Glafs Retort, with aSind Heat, and

' Things be well luted, and make a Cohobation of the faid ' Matters at three Times. But, by the way, add all the ( Salt before feparated from the Receivers 5 and after the ' faid three Cohobations, unlute the Retorts, and .pour the ' whole into a Matrafs with a long Nock, to which fit a fu- 4 table Capital, and a Receiver; lute all the Joinings on
 * fit a Glafs Retort thereto, as a Recipient; Take care all

1 Heat; By this means, the volatile Salt will be fublimed,
 * each Side with a wet Bladder, and {ct the Veffel in a Sand


 * and fiick to the Capital, and upper Part of the Matrafs.


 * Continue the Fire till Spirit enough have rofe to fufe and

' out of the Furnace, that the DiftiiLi'iwi mr.y proceed no
 * diffolve the Salt which arofe firll : Then take all the Fire

' without which the Medicine would be weaken'd by too
 * further ; which is a Circumftance of the lafl Importance $


 * much Phlegm. Stet, in the Mem. de I'rev. An. 1715*

As to the Dofe of this Remedy, they begin with 7 or S Drops, increafing, by Degrees, to 40 or 50, on preffing Oc- cafions, as in Apoplexies, Lethargies, VVeakncfles, &c.

The real Composition of die Gntt<e, however, is fome- what controverted. M- 'Teunzefort aflures us, that he had the Secret communicated to him by Dr. Lifter ; and that it is no other than the volatile Spirit of Raw-Silk rectified with Oil of Cinnamon, or other effential Oil. See Silk.

The fame Author affures us, he had found by Experience that the Gwt<e Anglican^ were not in any refpeel prefera- ble to the common volatile Spirits of Hart's-Horn and Sal. Ammoniac, except that the Smeli is more fupportable. — Mem. de f Acad. An. 1700.

Guttje, in Architecture, are Ornaments in form of little; Cones, uicd in the Plafond of the Doric Cornice, or on the Architrave, underneath the Triglyphs; reprefenting a fort of Drops, or Bells ; ufually fix in Number. See Triglyph.

They are fometimes alfo called Lachrymg, Tears 5 and Campantf or Campanula, Bells. Leon. Saptijla Alberti calls them Nails.

Gutta Serena, is a Difcafe of the Eyes, confifHng in an entire Prevention of Sight, without any apparent F'ault or Diforder of the Eyes, excepting that the Pupil looks fome- what larger and blacker than before. See Eves, £*?£.

Its Caufc is fuppofed to be a Compreffion or Obfiruction of the Optic Nerves, which prevents the due Flux of the animal Spirits into the Retina. 'Pitcaim afcribes it to an Indifpofition of the Retina, occafioned by the Veffels there- of being too much dillended with Blood.

The Gutta Serena is one of the moft dangerous and un- traceable of all the Difeafes of the Eyes. The Cure, ac- cording 10 'Titcaim, muft be attempted with Mercurials and even Salivation, and with Decoctions ofGuiacum.

The Miifc<e Volitantes are a pathogonomic Sign of a growing Gutta Serena. The Greeks call it A'inaurojis. Se® Amaurosis.

GUTTERS, in Building, are a kind of -Values in the Proofs of Buildings, ferving to drain and receive the Rain- Waters. See Roof.

GUTTURAL Letters, are thofe pronounced, or form'd as in were in the Throat. See Letter.

Dr. Wallis diftinguiihes the Vowels in our Language into Labial, Palatine, and Guttural 5 according to the three fe- veral Degrees of opening of the Mouth to pronounce them, larger, middle, and le!s. On this Footing he makes three Guttural Vowels, and three Labial, and as many Palatines. See Vowet.

GUTTUS,