Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/939

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GUA

ef long Notes, which in the Working, forms a fort of Group, Knot, Buffi, or the like.

The Group ufuaily confifls of four Crotchets, Quavers, or Semiquavers tied together, at the Discretion of the Compofer.

GK.ABATARII, Gi abb at Ann, in Antiquity, were fuch Perfons as deferr'd the receiving of Baptifm to the Hour of Death; or, who did not receive it till they were dangeroufly ill, and out of Hopes of Life ; from an Opinion, that Baptifm abfolutely wafh'd away all antecedent Guilt. See Baptism. The Word is form'd of the Latin Grabatum, Bed ; and that from the Greek yfO.fia.T6!, a Hanging-Bed, of »g6twv, to fufpend; fuch being the Bed of Slaves, poor People, Cynic Philolophers,££c. who were Enemies of Luxury and Eafc. GRUBBING a Cock, a Term ufed by Cock-fighters, for the cutting off the Feathers under the Wings. — it is a thing not allowed by Cock pit Law, nor to cut off his Fea- thers in any handling Place. Sec Cock-pit Law.

GRUBBS, in Medicine, a white, unihious kind of Pim- ples or little Tumors, arifing upon the Face, chiefly the Alie of the Nofe. See Tumor, &c.

They are ufuaily owing to hard Drinking, and an obstru- cted Pcrfpiration; though natural in fome Conftitutions — ■ They begin with a fmall black Point, which gradually fpreads ; and fometimes the Matter rends to Suppuration, upon which the Heads of the Eruptions grow white or yellow — They are ufuaily reputed falutaryj whence to check their Growth fuddenly, has proved of ill Confequence. They are cured by Evacuation, and acrimonious Lotions.

GRUME, Grumus, in Medicine, (Sc. A Particle of Blood, Milk, or other Fluid, which is coagulated, thicken'd, har- den'd, or not fufficiently thin, and diluted. See Blood, fee alfo Coagulation, &c.

Phthisical People frequently fpit up Grumes, i. c. Clots of Blood. See Ptitisis.

Grumes of Milk, are what we popularly call Curds. See Milk, Cheese, &c.

GRUMOUS Shod, is that State or Confluence of the Blood, wherein it is too vifcid, and thick, for a due brisk Circulation: The Effects whereof arc, that it ftagnates in the Capillary Veflels, and produces divers Difeal'cs. See Lentor ; fee alfo Disease, £=JC-

GRUS, in Antiquity, a Dance performed yearly by the young Athenians, around the Temple of Apollo, on the Day of the Delia. See Delia.

The Motions and Figures of this Dance were very intri- cate, and varioully interwove, fome of them being intend- ed to cxprefs the Windings of the Labyrinth, wherein the Minotaur was kill'd by T'befeus. See Labyrinth. GRY, a Meafure containing '-5- of a Line. Sec Line. A Line is — of a Digit ; and a Digit |v of a Foot 5 and a Philofophical Foot \ of a Pendulum, whofe Diadromes, or Vibrations, in the Latitude of 4; Degrees, are each equal to one Second of Time, or |.~ of a Minute. See Inch, Foot, Pendulum, j£c.

GRYPHUS, akind of Enigma ; or an artful obfeure Dc- fcription of a Thing. See ^Enigma.

GUADAGE, or Guidage, among our antient Writers, (eft quod datur alt cm, lit tuto conducatur per terrain altc- rilts;) that which is given for fafc Conduct through unknown Way's, or a ftrange Territory.

GUADUM, Guoad, in Natural Hifrory, an Herb by the antient Romans called Glaftim and Vitrum ; by the Greeks Ifatis ; by the Britains Gtmdum ; and by us now, IVoad. ., ,.

The antient Britains, Cttfar informs us, painted their Faces with this Herb, to appear the mere terrible to their Enemies. And 'Pliny relates, that the fame was prafliccd by the Women in divers Sacrifices. See Glass. GUANNAGIUM Sec Wannage. GUARANTEE, or Warrantee, a Term relative to Warrant, or Warranter; properly signifying him whom the Warranter undertakes to indemnify, or fecure from Da- mage. See Warrantee.

Guarantee, or Guaranty, is more frequently ulcd for a Warranter, or a Perfon who undertakes and obliges him- felf to fee a fecond Perfon perform, what he has stipulated to a third. .

T\\e Guarantee of a Treaty, is a Prmce, or lower, pitch- ed on by the treating Parties, to fee, or engage that each Side (hall perform the Articles. The Guarantees of the Treaty of O/km, o(Weftphalia,&ic. See Treaty.

The antient Lords were obliged to Guaranty the Lands of their Vaffals, ;'. e. to defend them againlt their Enemies ; otherwife they loft their Fee, and their Vaffals were no longer bound to do them Homage and Service— Kings alone did not forfeit their Fiefsjiy oot Guarantying them ;JU>d yet we

read that Borel, Count of Barcelona, thrcaten'd xxv

the King of France, Hugh Capet, to fwear Fealty to the Sarazens, in cafe he did not guaranty him ; and under tea-is the Young, the Count ot Champagne did Homage to the Emperor, on rhe like Account. See Fee.

To Guaranty a Fe e, hid likewise another Meaning, being ufed to denote, that where a Fee was divided between th»

eldeft Son, and the younger, the eldeft did Homage to me Lord both for himfclf and all the reft ; and by that Ho- mage guaranty'd the whole. ■„ ,

GUARD, or Gard, in its general Sehfe, implies Defence, Cuftody, or Confervation of any Thing ; the Act of obrerving what paffes, to' prevent Surprize ; or the Care and Precaution taken to hinder any Thing's being dene con- trary to the Intention and Defire of another.

The Word is both ufed in a proper and a figurative Senfei for the Aft or Service of Guarding, and the Perfons ap- pointed for that Purpofc: Thus we fay, to be upon Guard, to fet the Guard, mount the Guard, Ike. So alfo we fay a ftrdng Guard, an Attempt on the Guard; 2000 Men are neceffary for the Guard of the City, &c— So, again, thole to whom the King commits the Safety of his Perfon, are called his Guard, Life-Guard, Bcdy-Guard.

And fo, thofj who have the Education and Guardianship of Infants, or Idiots, are called their Guards, or Wards. See Ward.

The fame Term is alfo applied to a Writ relating to the Office of Ward, whereof there are three Kinds; one cal- led droit de Garde ; the fecond Ejectment de Garde ; ths third RaviJ&tncnt de Garde. See Ward and Guardian. The Word is form'd of the French Garde, and that of the corrupt Latin Warda ; and that of the German Wah- ren to keep.

Guard, in the military Senfc, is properly the Duty or Service done by the Soldiers, to fecure the Army or Place from the Surprizes and Efforts of an Enemy. — Of this there are divers Kinds, as

Main-Guard, is that from whence all the other Guards are detach'd. Thofe who are to mount die Guard, meet at the refpective Captain's Quarters, ancMrom thence go to the Parade ; where, after the whole Guard is drawn up the fmall Guards are detach'd for the Polls and Magazines; and then the fubaltern Officers throw Lots for their Guards, and are commanded by the Captain of the Main-Guard.

Grand-Guard, confifls of three or four Squadrons of Horfc, commanded by a Field-Officer, and ported before the Camp on the Right and Left Wing, towards the Enemy ; for the- Security of the Camp.

In a Camp every Batallion polls a fmall Guard, com- manded by a fubaltern Officer, about 100 Yards before its Front. This is called the Quarter-Guard. As

That fmall Guard of Foot, which a Regiment of Horfc mounts in their Front under a Corporal, is called the Standard-Guard.

Advance-Guard, is a Party of Horfc or Foot whicfi marches before a Body to give Notice of approaching Dan- ger. When an Army is upon the March, the Grand Guards, which fliould ferve that Day, are as Advance-Guards to the Army. — That fmall Body alfo of 12 or 16 Horfe, which are polled under a Corporal, or Quarter-Mafter, before the Grand-Guard of a Camp, arc called the Advance-Guard.

There is alfo the 'Picquet-Guard, which 's a Num- ber of Horfe and Foot, who keep themfelves always in a Readinefs in cafe of an Alarm ; the Horfes are faddled, and the Riders booted all the while, and the Foot draw up at the Head of the Batallion at the beating of the Tattou, but afterwards return to their Tents, where they arc in a Readinefs to march upon any fudden Alarm. — This Guard is to make Refiftance in cafe of ah Attack, till the Army can get ready.

Guard is particularly underftood of a Soldier, as a Muf- qucteer, Archer, or the like, detach'd from a Company or Corps, ro protect, detain, or iecurc any Perfon, or furvey his Actions,

A Guard was fet over each Party, to prevent the Duel's taking Place.

The Term is alfo ufed for the Troops or Companies kept up to guard the King : As in the following Articles —

Royal Guards, arc Forces railed and maintained to guard his Majefty's Perfon. Sec King.

There arc alfo Bodies of Guards to wait on the Princes of the Blood, in the fame Capacity.

The Guards are diftingui/hed into Horfe, Foot, Gratia- diers, and Teamen.

The Horfe-Guards are diftinguifh'd by Troops: Firft, fecond, third, and fourth Troop of Horfe-Guards. See Trqoi'.

The Foot-Guards are diftinguiflied by Regiments: Firft Regiment, Cold-Stream Regimenr, Royal Regiment of Foot-Guards. See Regiment.

Guards, no doubt, are as antient as Monarchy. The rcmoteft Antiquity affords Instances hereof; the Scripture mentions, thofe oi Saul the firft King of the People of God, 1 King. xix. n. and thofe of Achis King of the Philiftines, 1 King. iii. The Grecian Kings had alfo their Guards : Jufti*

mentions thofe of 'Pififtratus, Tyrant of Athens, lib. 11. 'c. 8. thofe of the Tyrants of the fame City, eftablifhed by Ly- fander, lib. v. c. 8. thofe of Agis King of Sparta, lib. x"ii. c. 1. thofe of Alexander, lib. xii. c. 8. thofe of the Ttolemys Kings efJEtrvpt, lib. xvi. c. z,&c. T'arquin the Prip-id, is
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