Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/93

 A I D

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A I L

greateft Authors : Virgil for inftancc, Cato t Varto, and Co- lumella.

The later Authors on Agriculture, are Palladius Conjtan- tinus, C<efar, Saptijla (Porta, Hefesbachius, and Agricola, in Latin 5 Alphonfo Herrara, in J&ttnv ; Stephens, Lie- baut, de Serrh, de Croifcens, Selhn, and Cbomel, in French ; and Evelyn, Mortimer, Sivitzer, Bradley, and Lawrence, in Englijh. See Geofonick.

AGRIPPA, a Name applied, among the Antients, to Children deliver'd in an unufual, or irregular manner. See Delivery.

They were called Agrippce, quafi Ogre parti.

AGRYPNIA, AyfVTTt'ia, a Watching, or dreaming Slum- ber. See Coma, Watching, Sleep, &c.

AGUE, a periodical Difeafe, confifting in a cold miver- ing Fit, fucceeded by a hot one ; and going off in a Dia- phorefis, or Sweating. See Disease.

If the Coldnefs and Shivering be inconfiderablc, and only the hot Fit felt ; the Difeafe is called an Intermitting Fe- ver. See Fever.

According to the Periods or Returns of the Fits, the Dif- eafe is either a Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan Ague, or Fever. See Quotidian, Tertian, Quartan, &c.

The next Caufe of Agues, feemstobean obftru&ed Perfpi- ration, or whatever by overloading the Juices, retards their Motion, or occafions a Lentor in the Blood. — The Symptoms are Heavinefs and Reaching ; a weak, flow Pulfej Cold- nefs, and Shivering, felt firft in the Joints, thence creeping over the whole Body; Pain in the Loins, and an involuntary Motion of the under Jaw.

A Vernal Ague is eafily cur'd ; but an Autumnal one is more obftinate, efpecially in aged and cachcftical Pcrfons 5 if complicated with a Dropfy, "Peripneumony, ££?c. dange- rous. — When an Agile proves fatal, it is ufually in the cold Fit.

The Cure is ufually begun with an Emetic of Ipecacu- anha, an Hour before the Accefs 5 and compleated with the Cortex Peruvianus, adminifler'd in the Interval between two Fits 5 and continued at times, to prevent a Relapfe. See Cortex.

Dr. §>uincy endeavours to account for the EffecT: of the Bark, from the Irregularity, Afperity, and Solidity of its Particles, which fit it to break thofe Vifcidities in the Jui- ces whereby the Capillaries were obftrufted, and to draw up the Solids into a Tenfion, fufficient by the vigorous Vibra- tions enfuing thereon, to prevent any future Accumulation thereof. — The firft Intention, he obferves, is anfwer'd, by giving the Blood a greater Momentum ; and the fecond, by its corrugating the Nerves, and rendering the Contractions of the Veffels more brifk and forcible. — Hence alfo its Ef- fects upon fuch as are apt to fweat immoderately.

AID, or Aide, Auxilium, literally denotes the Help, Suc- cour, or AflUtance, which any Perlbn lends another, when too weak to do, or avoid fomething. See Assistant.

The Word is French, form'd, according to M. Menage, from the Italian Aitare ; and that from the Latin Adjutare, whence the Spanifh Adjutant.

Aid, in Law, is when a Petition is made in Court, for the Calling in of Help from another Perfon interested in the Matter in Queftion ; who, 'tis probable, may not only flreng- then the Party's Caufe, who thus prays tor Aid, but alfo prevent a Prejudice arifing to his own Right.

This is called Aid Prier, or Aid 'Prayer : But this Courfe of Proceeding is now much difufed.

A City or Corporation, holding a Fee-farm of the King, may Pray in Aid of him 5 if any thing be demanded of them relating thereto.

The Aid Prier, is fometimes alfo ufed in the King's be- half, to prevent any Proceeding againlc him till his Coun- cil be calFd, and heard what they have to fay for avoiding the King's Prejudice, or Lofs.

Aid de Camp, an Officer in an Army, whofe Bufinefs is to attend the general Officers, and receive and carry their Orders, as occafion requires.

When the King is in the Field, he ufually appoints young Volunteers of Quality to carry his Orders, who are called the King's Aids de Camp.

Aid Major, or Adjutant, is an Officer, whofe Bufinefs is to eafe the Major of part of his Duty ; and to perform it all in his Abfence. See Major, and Adjutant.

Some Majors have feveral Aid-Majors. — Each Troop of Guards has but one Major, who has two Aid-Majors un- der him ; or more, according as the Bufinefs requires. See Troop, and Guard.

Every Regiment of Foot hath as many Aid-Majors as it contains Battalions. — When the Battalion is drawn up, the Aid-Major's Poft is on the Left, beyond all the Captains, and behind the Lieutenant-Colonel. See Regiment, Bat- talion, £S?c

' Aid, Auxilhm t in our antient Cuftoms, a Subfidy or Sum

of Money due to the Lord, from his Tenants, on certain Occafions. See Subsidy, Service, $$c.

It differ'd from a 1*ax, which is impofed at any time when wanted ; whereas the Aid could only be levied where it was Cuftomary, and where the particular Occafion fell out. See Tax.

Such was the Aid de Relief, due from the Tenants in Fee upon the Death of the Lord Mefn, to his Heir j towards the Charge of a Relief of the Fee, of the fuperior Lord. See Relief, Fee, Lord, ££>c.

Such alfo was the Aid Chcvel, or Capital Aid, due by Vaffals, to the chief Lord, or the King, of whom they held in Capite. See Vassal.

Of this there are three Kinds. — The firft, of Chivalry, or, as they call'd it, Par fitz Chevalier, towards making his eldert Son a Knight, when arrived at the Age of 15 Years : The fecond, of Marriage, or Par fille marier, to- wards marrying his eldeft Daughter.- — Both thefe, with all Charges incident thereto, are taken away by Stat. 12 Car.ll. See Tenure, Capite, $£?*. — Some will have 'em to have been firft eftabli/Vd in England, by William the Conque- ror ; and afterwards transferr'd to Normandy : But the more common Opinion is, that the Conqueror brought 'em with him : The third was of Ranfom, due when the Lord was taken Prifoner. See Ransom.

In fome Provinces there was a fourth kind of Aid -^ due whenever the Lord fhould undertake an Expedition to the Holy Land. See Croisade, i£c.

We alfo read of Aids paid the Lord, when he was mind- ed to purchafe any Land or Tenement. Thefe were only

granted once in his Life. Aids for the Repairing and

Fortifying of Gaftles, Seats, $$c.

Thefe Aids, or Contributions, were at firft impofed by the Lord or King, at what Rate he pleas'd 5 but by a Stat. 3d Edw. I. a Reftraint was laid on common Perfons being Lords, and they were tied down to a fix'd Proportion : By a fubfequent Statute, the fame Rate was extended even to the King.

They feem to have been firft eftablifh'd with a View to the Clients and Freedrnen of antient Rome, who made pre- fents to their Patrons towards his Daughter's Fortune, as alfo on his Birth-day, and other folemn Occafions. See Pa- tron, and Client.' Accordingly, Souteiller relates,

that in his Time, they depended on the Courtefy and Good-will of the Vaffals ; for which Reafon they were cal- led, ^Droits de Complaifance.

The Bi/hops alfo received Aids from their Ecclcfiafticks, called Synodales, and Pentecofials. They were to be paid at the Time of their Confecration 5 or when they had a King to entertain ; or when call'd by the Pope to his Court, or to a Council ; as alfo when they went to receive the Pal- lium. See Synodales, &c.

Add, that the Archdeacons exacted Aids from the Clergy of their Jurifdiclion. See Procuration, £J?c.

Aids are alfo ufed in Matters of Polity, tor any extraor- dinary Taxes or Impofitions occafionally levied by the King and Parliament, upon the Subjects 5 to fupport the Charges of the Government, when the ordinary Revenue proves fhort. See Subsidy.

Aids, in the Manage, are Helps or Afliftances, which the Horfeman contributes towards the Motion or Action re- quir'd of the Horfe ; by a difcrete ufe of the Bridle, Cave- fon, Spur, Poinfon, Rod, Calf of the Leg, and Voice. See Bridle.

Such a Horfe knows his Aids, anfwers his Aids, takes his Aids with Vigour, &c. — The Aids are made ufe of, to a- void the NecefTuy of Corrections. — -The fame Aids, given in a different manner, become Corrections. SeeCoRREc-'

TION.

The Aids ufed to make a Horfe go in Airs, are very dif- ferent from thofe requir'd in going upon the Ground. New- cafile.

The inner Heel, inner Leg, and inner Rein, are called inner Aids. — The outer Heel, outer Leg, &c. are outer Aids.

AIGLETTE, in Heraldry. See Eaglet.

AIGUE Marine, in Natural Hiftory. See Aqua Ma- rina.

AIGUISCE, or Aiguissee, or Eguiscf., in Heraldry, a Term applied to a Crols, when its four Ends are fharpen'd, fo however as to terminate in obtufe Angles. See Cross.

The Crofs Aigttifce differs from the Crols Fitchee, in that the latter goes tapering by degrees to a fharp Point 5 where- as only the Ends of the former are taper'd. See Fitchee.

AILE, in Law, a Writ which lies where the Grand-fa- ther, or Great Grand-father called Sefaile, was feixed of Lands or Tenements in Fee-fimple, on the Day he died; and a Stranger abates or enters the fame Day, and difpoffeffeth the Heir. The Word is form'd of the French Aieul, Avus, Grand-father.

AIR,