Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/929

 GRA

( l 79 )

GRA

dees for life only ; made by the King's faying, limply, Be '&- ■ver'd. Others, ureGrandecs by Defcent ; maciebytbe King's frying, Be cover'dfor thy felf, and Heirs. Thefe laft, are reputed far above the former. There are fomehave three, or four Grandees, or Grandatcs in their Family.

GRANGE, an antient Term for a Barn ; or Place wherein to lay up and thrafh Corn.

The Word is fometimes alio ufed in a more extenfive Senfe, for the whole Farm 5 with all the Appendages of Stables for Horfes, Stalls for Cattle, S?C. See Farm.

It is form'd of the Latin Grama-, or of Granum, Grain, Corn.— Hence alfo Granger, or Grangier, a Farmer.

GRANI, in our antient Writers, Muftachoes, or Whiflc- ers of a Beard.' — §>uia cum Jim in fine roumdati Granorurrt formam efficiunt.

It is given for a Reafon why the Cup is rcfufed to the Laity, guia harbati, £5? prolixcs babent Granos, dum pocu- lum inter epulas fimamt, pritis liquors piles inficiunt quam ori injundunt.

GRANIT, Granites, a fort of Marble, cxtreamly hard, rough, and incapable of taking a thoro' Poiifh: Thus called, as being fprinklcd over with a great Number little Stains, relembling Grains of Sand. See Marele.

There are three forts of Granit ; that of Egypt 5 that of Italy, and that of fDaupbiny.

The firft has brownifh, or greenifh Spots, on a dirty, white Ground. It is found in very large Pieces; and is that chiefly ufed by the Egyptians, in their Obelifks, and Pyra- mids on the Tombs of their great Men. There are Columns of this Stone above 40 Foot high.

The Granit of Italy is fofter than that of Egypt ; efpc- cially in the Quarry, where it cuts with much more Eafe. There is alfo a fort of Green Granit, which is a Species of Serpentine, fpotted with green, and white Spots.

The Granit of 2)aupbiny, a Quarry whereof has been found, is only a. very hard fort of Flint.

GRANIVOROUS, an Epithet, or Denomination given to fuch Animals as feed upon Corn, or any other Grain or Seeds. See Animal and Seed.

Granivorous Animals are chiefly of the Bird kind. See Bird.

Thefe have a peculiar Provifion for the digefting of fo dry and hard a Food. See Digestion, Gizzard, &c.

GRANT, in Law, a Gift in Writing, of fbmething which cannot aptly be patfed, or convey'd by Word only ■ as Rents, "K.everiions, Services, Advowfons in Grofs, Tithes, &c.

Or, it is a Gift made by fuch Perfons as cannot give but by Deed; as the King and all Bodies Politick. SccDonation.

This Difference is often, in Speech, neglected ; and the Word Grant taken generally for every Gift whatfoever,made of any thing, by any Perfon. In this Senfe he that eranteth is named Grantor, and he to whom it is made, the Grantee. — A Thing is faid to lie in Grant, which cannot be afftgned without Deed. See Deed.

GRANULATION, in Chymiftry, an Operation per- form'd on Metals, whereby they are redue'd into fmall Grains, or Globules.

It is done by melting them ; and when in Fufion, calling them into cold Water ; in which they congeal into Gtanules, as required : And are hereby render 'd more eafy to be dif- lblved. See Dissolution.

The beft way is to pour the fluid Metal thro' a Culender, or a new Birchen Broom.' —

We alfo fay, the Granulation of Gun-powder. See Gun- 'Powder.

GRAPE, fee Vine, Raisin, and Wine.

GRAPPLE, in the Manage — A Horfe is faid to grap- ple with one, or both Legs, when he catches, or raifes 'em more haftily, and higher than ordinarily, as if he were cur- vetting.

GRAPHOIDES, in Anatomy, an Appendage of the Bones of the Temples, long, fmall, fliarp, and a little crooked, like a Cock's Spur. See Os TemI'Oris.

The fame Name is fometimes alfo applied to the Muf- culus ^Digafiricv.s. See Digastricus.

Likewife, to an Extension of the Brain, refembling a Writing- pen. Sec Brain.

GRAPHOMETER, a Name which fome Authors, particularly the French, give to a Surveying Inftrument, by us commonly called a Semicircle. See Semicircle.

GRASS-'iVott, and Walks, make a confiderable Article in Gardening, &c. See Walr, (gc.

Grafs, or Green 'Plots are had either by fowing of Hay- feed, or laying of Turf : For the firft, which is the cheaper! way, the Seed of the fineit Upland Paftures is to be chole, well fifted and cleanfed.

For the fecond, the Turf fhould be cut on a Down, or Green, or Common, or Sheep-walk, where the Grafs is ffiort and fine; if there be any Knobs, or Roughnefles, the Place mull be cleanfed and roll'd after a Shower, before it be cut up. The Turf is cut in Squares, mark'd out with Lines, rais'd with a Knife, and roll'd up ; about three Inches thich.

The Quarter?, or Verges are to be prepared with a foe Coat of poor Eaith to lay the Turf on; and after laying, the Turf mult be well water'd, rolled, Zfc.

Small Pieces of Grafs-work, as Knots, Shell- work, and Volutes of Parterres, Cut-work, Verges about Balbns, %£c. muft always be laid with Turf.—

To low Grafs for Plots, S?c. the Ground muft firft be dug or broke with a Spade, then drels'd, laid even, raked fine, and cover'd an Inch thick with good Mould to facilitate the Growth of the Seed. Then the Seed to be (own pretty thick, that it may come up clrjfe and fiiort ; and lal'tly, to be raked up, and cover'd. The beft Scafon is the latter End of A'Vfi : When it is well come up, it muft be mow'd, and this often repeated ; fince the oftener 'tis mow'd, the thicker and handfomer it grows. It muft alfo be rolled from time to time.

GRATICULATION, a Term fome Writers ufe for the dividing a Draught, or Defign into Squares, in order to the reducing it thereby. See Reduction.

GRATIOLA, a Medicinal Plant, of confiderable Vir- tues ; tho' little known in the ordinary Practice ; as being fuppos'd dangerous of Application.

Its moft noted Effects are to evacuate hydropic Waters, both upwards and downwards, taken either in Infufion, or Decoct ion ; to cleanfe Wounds, and to kill Worms. ] (

Its Bark, taken in Powder, is faid to be fcarce inferior in Virtue to Ipecacuanha for Dyfemeries.

It is of a very bitter Tafte; whence, probably its vermifu- gous Power ; and its Root aftringenr, whence its Ufe in the Dyfentery.

M. Bonlduc made an Extract of this Plant, which purged gently, and was very Diuretic: Another Extract made of the Fa:ccs or Refufe, proved much more efficacious. Hi fi- de I' Acad. An. 1705.'

GRAVE, in Murk, is applied to a Sound, which is in a low, or deep Tune. See Sound, and Tune.

The thicker the Chord, or String, the more grave the Tone, or Note : And thefmaller, the acuter. See Chord.

Notes are fuppofed to be the moKgravc, in proportion as the Vibrations ot a Chord, are lefs quick. See Gravity.

Grave, in Grammar, an Accent oppofite to Acute. See Accent.

The Grave Accent is cxprefs'd thus: and fhews that the Voice is to be deprefs'd, and the Syllable over which it is placed, pronounced in a Uw, deep Tone.

Grave is alfo an Ingredient in the Competition of divers Terms in Hi.tory, and' Pol Ly. Thus we lay, Landgrave, Burggrave, Markgrave, Palfgrave, &c. See ?.\LS-Gravc, &c.

The Word, in this Senfe, is form'd of the German Graaf, fignilying Crazes, Count; and in the Barbarous Latin Gra- vio, Grapbio. — See Court.

Grave is alfo ufed for a Tomb, wherein a Defunct is m- terr'd. See Tomb, and Sepulchre.

GRAVEDO, a Heavinefs, or lilHefnefs, which accom- anies a leffened Tranfpiration, or taking Cold as it is com- monly called. Hence alfo, the Cafe being frequently accom- panied with a Running of the Nofe and Eyes.

The Gravedo and Coryz-a are fometimes ufed promifcu- oufly. Sec Coryza.

GRAVEL, in Natural Hiftory, co.ufe Sand, found at the Bottom, and the Sides of Rivers. See Sand.

Monf. 'Verrault lays down the Difference between Sand, and Gravel.— The firft, according to him, is fmall, and con- fifts of fine, even Grains : The latter is bigger, and con'fi'fts of little Pebbles, mix'd with tho finer Fragments of Stones.

Gravel is chiefly ufed in laying Yards, Courts, and Walks in Gardens, — ■

The Word is form'd of the French Gravier ; which dll Canfre derives from the B.irbjrous Latin Gravcria, fignify- ing the fame thing. —

Gravel, in Medicine, a Difeafe of the Bladder, and Kidneys, occafion'd by a fandy, or gritty Matter gather'd therein, which cohering into a ftony Mais, prevents the due Secretion, and Excretion of the Urine. See Urine.

The Gravel is generally confider'd as the fame Difeafe with the Calculus, or Stone. Sec Stone.

Gravel Soil, fee Soil.

Gravel Walk, in Gardening.— To lay, or form a Walk with Gravel, all the good Soil is to be pared away, below the Roots of any Grafs, or Weeds ; then the Place to be filled two or three Inches with coarfe Gravel unfearced, laying it higheft in the Middle : Then rolling it ; a new Stratum or finer Gravel to be thrown on, two, or three Inches thick : And the Rolling to be repeated again and again.

Note, the Sides next the Beds lliould be laid a Foot and an half, or two Foot with Turf from whence the Heat of the Sun cannot be reflected as from Gravel, to the Prejudice of the neighbouring Flowers. _

GRAVELLING, among Farriers, a Dilordcr incident to Travclling-horles, occafion'd by little Gravel-ftones get- ting in between the Hoof and the Shoe, which fetthngjo the" Quick, frets, and feflers the Part.

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