Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/925

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of the Body, which continually iftcreafes, till at laft, a Pa- roxyfm breaks out ; being preceded, lome Days, with a fort of Torpor, and a fenfible Defcent of the Flatulences thro' the Flelh of the Thighs, with fome fpafmodic Symptoms. The Day before the Paroxyfm, his Appetite is very greedy 5 an Hour or two after Midnight, he is waked by a Pain, com- monly in his great Toe, fometimes in the Heel, Ankle, or the Calf of rhc Leg, not unlike the Pain felt upon a Dislocation of the faid Bones; with a Senfe as if Water were fprinkled on the Part affiled. This is fucceeded by a Chillinefs, and fome Approach to a Fever: The Pain in the mean time, which at firit was more retnils, gradually increafes 5 in pro- portion to which the Chillinefs abates. By Night, it is ar- rived at its Height, and fettled about the Ligaments of the Bones of the Tarfus, and Metatarfus 5 where it fometimes refembles a violent Tenfion; and fometimes a Laceration of thefe Ligaments • fometimes the Biting, or Gnawing of a Dog ; a Squeezing, or Coarctation. Thus far the Part affecled has fuch an ' exquifite Senfe, that it cannot bear the Weight of the Linnen, nor even the Shaking of the Room cccafion'd by a Perfbn's Stepping. Hence, a thou- fand vain Endeavours to get Eafe, by changing the Pofture of the Body, the Pofition of the Foot, &c. till about two or three a-Clock in the Morning (the Space of a Nychtheme- ron from its Accefs), when a Remifiton is firfr. perceived ; the morbid Matter being by this time tolerably digefted, or even difQpated. The Patient, hereupon, drops a-ileep, and at his Waking finds his Pains much abated, but the Part newly fwell'd. A few Days hence, the other Foot undergoes the fame Fate : Sometimes, both are atrack'd from the fir ft. From the Time it has feizM. on both Legs, the Symptoms become more irregular, and precarious, both as to theTirne of Invasion, and the Duration thereof. But this ftill holds, that the Pain recruits in the Night, and remits again in the Morning. A Series of thefc little, alternate Acceffes, &c. eonflitutes a Fit, or Paroxyfm of the Gout, which holds longer, or Jefs, according to the Age, &c of the Patient. In itrong People, and thole who have not had it often, fourteen Days is a moderate Paroxyfm : In old People, and thofe Jong ufed to it, it will hold two Months.

For the firft fourteen Days the Patient is ufually bound: A Lofs of Appetite, Chillinefs towards Evening, and a Hea- vinefs, and Uneafinefs even of the Parts not affetfed, attend the whole Paroxyfm. As it goes off, he is feiz'd with an in- tolerable Itching, efpecially between the Fingers ; the Fur- fur falls, and his Toes fcale, as if he had drank Poifon.

Such is the Courfe of a Regular Gout 5 but when thro' im- proper Treatment it is difturbed, or prolonged, it feizes the Hands, Wrifts, Elbows, Knees, and other Parts : Some- times diflorting the Fingers, and taking away their Ufe ; fometimes generating tophaceous Concretions, or Knots a- bout the Ligaments of the Joint?, rcfembling Chalk, or Crabs Eyes ; fometimes railing a whitiih, inflamable Tu- mor, almoft as big as an Egg, about the Elbows, &&

It may be added, that where a Perfon has labour'd under the Gout for many Xears ; the Pain is fenfibly lefTen'd each Paroxyfm, till at length it becomes rather an Uneafinefs than a Pain : Hence that Reflexion of the Great Sydenham, Do- lor IN HOC MORGO AMARISSIMUM EST NaTURI PhAR- MACUM.

The Gout is rank'd among the Number of incurable Dif- eafes : In erreel, we have no thoro', and affured Remedy yet difcovered for it $ thefe that now obtain are little more than Palliatives : They tend to affuage the Pain, to dimi- nifli it for a time s but not to extirpate it.

Bleeding, and Purging are found abfoJutely prejudicial ; and Diaphoreticks of no Service. Emeticks, according to Pitcairn, and Etmuller, may do good in the Beginning of the Difeafe. But, upon the whole, nothing, in Sydendani's Opinion, proves of more Service than Digeftives, or Medi- cines which ftrengthen the Stomach, andpromote Digeftion : As, Angelica Root, Enitl. Campan. TYxeTher^zAndromach. the Jefuit's Bark ; and Antifcorbuticks • Thefe chiefly to be adminifter'd in the Intervals between the Paroxyfms. Muf- grave, however, recommends internally Repellents, and principally Cardiacks ; externally, Emplafters of Gum. Ca- ro.ni or Oxycroc, or Cephalic, with Burgundy Pitch- or green Sea-cloth, commonly called Hat- cafe, &c. Yet Z)ol<fus af- firms, that Repellents do more harm than good; and gives us the following Recipe, as more than equal to all others.

R,~ ConfcB. Wme'ek 5 j. Pulv. Jalap. 3 fs. extraB. jtri- fol. fibrin. 3ij. Litharg. aur. $vj. Saptf Antimon. 3 fs. Sacchar.Canth. %vj. Ol.Olivar. a. s. Cer<£$3 Picis faritm f. s. a. An Emplaiter to be laid on the Joint affected, till the Pain, and the morbid Matter be driven away. —

GRABATARII, or Gkabbatarii, in Church Anti-

quity, were

fuch Perfbns as defer'd the recciv

of Bap

tifm, to the Hour of Death ; or, who did not receive it till they were dangcroufly ill, and out of Hopes of Life: From an Opinion, that Baptifm abfolutely wafli'd away all former Sins. See Baptism. The Word is form'd of the Latin Grabatitm, Bed 5 and

that from the Greek y&££{%- % a Hanging-bed, ofjffs«£V, to fufpend : Such was the Bed of Slaves, poor People, Cy- nic Fhilofophcrs, $§c. who were Enemies of Luxurv and Eafe. '

GRACE, in Theology, any Gift which God makes to Man, of his own free Liberality, and without their having deferv'd it at his Hands ; whether fuch Gift regard the pre- fent, or a future Life. —

Grace is ufually divided into Natural, and Supernatural. By Natural Grace is undcrflood the Gift of Being, of Life, of fuch and fuch Faculties, of Prefervation, %$c. St. Jerom, Epift. 1-9. allows it a Grace of God, that Man was created : Gratia 2)ei cjl quod homo creatus eft. So, alfo, it is by the Grace of God, that Angels, and human Souls are immor- tal ; that Man has free Will, gfcl

Supernatural Grace, is a Gift from above confer'd on in- intelligent Beings, in order to their Salvation.— 'Tis thefe, only, are called" Graces in the Rigor of Theology ; and 'tis for the Conveyance, Improvement, and Strengthening of thefe that the Sacraments are confer'd, the Miniitry of the Word instituted, &c. See Sacrament, &c.

The Divines diitinguifh this Grace into Habitual, and A- Bual ; Jtiftifying, and SanBifying.—

Habitual Grace, is that which refides ftaredly in us 5 is fix'd in the Soul, and remains till fome grievous, wilful Sin expunge it.

This is alfo called Juftifying Grace, as it makes us appear righteous and innocent before God : And SanBifying Grace, as it makes us holy, and devoted to God. See J ustifica- tion, and Sanctification.

_ ABual Grace, is that which God gives us for the fpe- cial Performance of tome particular Good thing 5 as to con- vert us, enable us to refill: a Temptation, ££c. — ■

This, the Divines fubdivide into divers Kinds: Prevent- ing, Concomitant^ and Subfcquent iGrace.

It is an Article of Faith, i° That Actual Grace is necef- faty for the beginning, carrying on, and fini filing every good Work. z° That the Will is able to refill: this Grace, and reject it. See Will.

And hence this Grace becomes further divided into Effi- cacious, and Sufficient.- — It is Efficacious, or Efficient, when it has the EffecT: 5 and Sufficient, when it has it not, tho' it might have had it. See Efficacious, and Sueficient.

Some of the more rigid Calv'mifts, Sec. admit a Necessi- tating Grace. See Calvinist, Predestination, Re- probation, ckc.

We alfo fay, the Za-w of Grace j the Covenant of Grace, in opposition to the Mofaic Law, &c* See Law 5 fee alfo Revelation, &c.

2)ays of Grace, or Favour, are a certain Number of Days, allow'd for the Payment of a Bill of Exchange, after the fame becomes due. See Day of Grace.

The Days of Grace in England are 3 ; at Rome 5 ; at Rotterdam, 6 $ afTaris, 10 5 at Hamburg, 123 at Ant- verp, 14.

AB of Grace, is an Acf. of Parliament for the Relief of infblvent Debtors in the feveral Prifons 5 by clearing fuch as are qualified, or come within the Terras of the fame, from all their former Debts, $$c.

GRACES, Gratis, in the Canon Law, are the fame with what we otherwife call ^Provifions, See Provision.

ExpeBative Graces, Gratis ExpeBativ<e, are a fort of reverfionary Benefices, difpofed before the Time, or before they become vacant. See Expectative.

Grace is alfo a Term in the Formula of all Patents, &fr. which begin, George, by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, &&. — The Romifh BiJhops frequently begin their Mandates in the like manner. Such-a-one, by the Grace of God, and the Holy See, Bifhop of, &e.

The EngliJ/7 Archbifhops fay, By 'Divine Grace, or Di- vine 'Providence. See Archbishop gj'c.

AUSoveraignsnowufe thefhrafeGrace of God; Emperors, Kings, Princes, &c. Antiently Dukes, Counts, and even Lords talk'd in the fame Style : In the new Collection of Fa. Martcne we meet with a mere Seigneur qualified by the Grace of God. Seigneur de Comborn. Louis XI. forbad the Duke of "Brittany to entitle himfelf by the Grace of God.

Grace is alio a Title of Dignity, attributed to Princes of inferior Rank, and who are not qualified for that of High - nefs. See Title.

Till the Time of King James I. the Kings of England were addrefs'd to under the Title of Grace, as they now are under that of Majefty. See Majesty, King, ckc.

Our Englijh Dukes and Archbifhops are addrefs'd to un- der the Title of Grace. But that Title is moll frequent in Upper Germany, and particularly Aujlria - 7 where it is bore by the Barons, as being inferior to that of Excellence. See Quality, Excellence, &c.

Graces, Gratis, Charites, in the Heathen Theology, were a Set of fabulous Deities, three in KumbGr, who at- tended on Venus, See God.

Their