Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/914

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GLUE, Gluten, a vifcid, tenacious Matter ferving as a Cement to bind, or connect divers Things together. See Cement.

There are divers Kinds of Glues made ufe of in the di- vers Arts ; as the Common Glue ; Glove Glue ; Parchment Glue — But the two laft arc more properly call'd Size.

The Common., or Strong Glue is a Commodity ufed by numerous kinds of Artificers • as Joiners, Cabinet-makers, Cafe-makers, Hatters, Bookbinders, g?c. And the Con- fumption thereof is very confiderable. The beft is that made in England, in fquare Pieces, of a ruddy, brown Co- lour. Flanders Glue is held the next after the Englijh.

Glue is made of the Skins of all kinds ofBeafls, as Oxen, Cows, Calves, Sheep, &c. The older the Bcaft is, the bet- ter is the Glue, made of its Hide. Indeed, 'tis rare they ufe whole Skins for this purpofe ; thofe being capable of be- ing applied to better purpofe : But they make ufe of the Shavings, Parings, or Scraps thereof: Sometimes they make it of the Feet, Sinews, Nerves, SfJi?. ofBeafls.

That made of whole Skins, is the beft^ and that of Si- news, &c. the worft : And hence chiefly arifes the Difference of Glues ; and the Advantages offozEnglifh and Flcmiflo Glues : For, as our Tanners generally make the Glue them- felves; they are not fparing of the Parings of the Skins, which they never fell : Whereas, in France, ike. the Glue- makers being a peculiar kind of Manufacturers, and having no Parings, 0c, but what they buy, make ufe chiefly of Si- news, Feet, &c.

Method of making Glue.

To make Glue of Parings ; they firft fieep them two, or three Days in Water ; then walhing them well out, they boil them to the confidence of a thick Gelly. This done, they pafs the Gelly, while yet hot, thro' Ofier Bafkets, to feparate from it any Impurities ; and in order to purify it ftill further, they let it rell forae time. When the Ordures, or foreign Matters are precipitated to the Bottom of the VefTel ; they melt and boil it a fecond time.

This done, they pour it into flat Frames, or Moulds ; whence it is taken out, when pretty hard and folid, and cut into fquare Pieces, or Cakes. Nothing now remains, but to dry it in the Wind, on a fort of coarfe Net, and afterwards to firing it, to finifh the Drying.

The Glue made of Feet, Sinews, ££?<-. is manag'd after the fame manner; with this only Difference, that they bone, and fcour the Feet, and don't lay them to fieep.

The beft Glue is that which is oldefi : The fureft Teft of Goodnefs is to lay a Piece to fieep three, or four Days in Water ; if it fwell considerably without melting, and when taken out refume its former Drynefs, it is excellent. Fiflj Glue, is a fort of Glue made of the nervous and mucilaginous Parts of a large Fifh, found chiefly in the Ruf- fian Seas.

Thcfe Parts being boil'd, bear a near Refemblance to that vifcid Matter found on the Skins of Cod Fifli. When boil'd to the Confidence of a Gelly, they fpread it on a Leaf of Paper, and form it into Cakes ; in which State it is fent to us.

Fi/h Glue is of confiderable ufe in Medicine, and divers other Arts ; where it is better known under the Names of JfingGlafi and Ichthyocolla. See IsmtsGlafs, &c.

GLUTEUS, in Anatomy, from y9$U*ifates t a Buttock; a Name common to three Mufcles, whofe Office is to ex- tend the Thigh— The firft

The Gluteus Major, or the greater, arifes femicircularly from the Os Coccygis, the Spines of the Sacrum, the Spine of the Ilium, and a ftrong Ligament which runs between the Sa- crum, and Tubercle of the Ifchium 5 and defending, is in- ferred into the Linca afpera, four Fingers Breadth below the great Trochanter.

The Gluteus Medius, or the middle one, call'd alfo mt- nor,ovlefs, arifes from the Spine of the Ilium under the former, and is inferted into the fuperior and external Part of the great Trochanter.

The Gluteus minimus, or leajl, arifes from the lower Part of the external Side of the Ilium, under the former, and is inferted at the fuperior Part of the great Trochanter.

GLUTINATIVE, Agglutinative, or ConglutinA-

TivE, in Medicine, and Pharmacy. Sec Conclutinative.

GLYGONIAN, or Glyconic, in the Greek and Latin

Poetry. — A Glyconia?i Verfe is that confifling of two Feet,

and a Syllable. See Verse, and Foot.

This is Scaliger's Sentiment, who adds, that the Glyco- nian Verfe was alfo call'd Euriptdcean.

Others hold that the Glycoman Verfe confided ot three Feet; a Spondee, and two DafHls- or rather, a Spondee, Choriambus, and a Pyrrhic ; which Opinion is the moft fol- lowed.

Sic te diva fotens Cypr't, Is a Glycoman Verfe. GL\CYRRHIZA, or Glicykhizza, in Medicine, Li- quorice. See Glicyrriiizza.

GLYPHE, or Glyphis, in Architeclurc, a generalNamc for any Cavity, or Canal, whether round, or terminating in an Angle 1 us'd as an Ornament, in any Part.

The Woid is Greek, y^v?", which literally fignifics grav- ing-

Thv<?U is properly a Nitch, or Indenture made mgraviflg ; or, more properly, the Notch in the Head of an Arrow, over which the String goes. See Triglyph. GLYSTER; fee Clyster.

GNOME, a Name which the Cabalifis give to certain in- visible People, whom they fuppofe to inhabit the Inner Parts of the Earth, and to fill it to the Centre.

They are reprefented as very fmall of Stature, tractable, and friendly to Men ; and are made the Guardians of Mines, Quarries, hidden Treafures, %£c.

Vigcnere calls them Gnomons — The Females of this Spe- cies are call'd Gnomides.

figneuil de Marville in his Melange d'ffijloire & de Li- terature, T> J. p. ico. gives a Relation of a Conference with a Philofopher of this Clafs, who held that an Infinity of Spi- rits inhabited each of the four Elements, Fire, Air, Wa- ter, and Earth, under the Denomination of Salamanders, Sylphs, Oudins, and Gnomes $ that the Gnomes are employ'd in working, or actuating the Machines of Brutes upon the Earth.

He added that fomc Philofophers of that Seel, held that thefe Spirits were of two Sexes, for the two Sexes ofBeafls, or moving Machines; that they were even more or leis per- feci: as the Brutes were; and that there was an infinite Num- ber of exceedingly fmall ones, to actuate the infinite Num- ber of Infecls, and Animalcula, both thofe that are vifible, and thofe which are too fmall to come under our Scnfes; that all thefe Spirits in general govern their refpeffive Ma- chines according to the Difpofition of the Parts, or Organs, the Humors, Temperaments, Gfr. that they do not lay hold of all Machines indifferently, but of thefe fuited to their own Character, Element, &c. That a haughty one, for inflance, feizesu Spanijb Gennet ; a cruel one, a Tyger, &c. See

SlLl'H, &C.

Gnome, or ChriA, is alfo us'd for a iTiorr, pithy, ufeful, and fententiousObfervation, Reflexion, or the like ; worthy to be treafur'd up, and remembred. See Sentence, Aro-

THEGM, &C.

Such is that of Juvenal,

Orandum eft ut Jit mens faua in corpore fano.

The Writers of Rhetoricks diftinguiih feveral kinds of Gnomes, according as they turn on Words, on Aclions, or both ; denominating them Verbal, Active, and tfiaf-aGaomes or Chria:.

Gnomon, in Geometry.' — If a Parallelogram be divided into four lefler ones, by two Lines interfering eath other 5 and one of thefe Parallelograms be retreneb'd, or taken away; the other three will make a Gnomon, ordinarily call'd a Square. See Scotare.

Or, a Gnomon in a Parallelogram, may be faid to be a Figure form'd of the two Complements, together with either of the Parallelograms about the Diameter. Thus, in the Parallelogram A B 'Tab. Geometry, Fig. 5. the Gnomon is M 4- x -\- z A- N ; or M -j- N -f x -\~ Z.

Gnomon, in Aftronomy, an Inftrumenr, or Apparatus for meafuring the Meridian Altitudes of the Sun, and Stars. See Meridian Altitude.

Thofe converfant in Obfervations, prefer the Gnomon to the fmaller Quadrants, both as more accurate, eafier made, and more eafily applied. See Quadrant, and Obser- vation.

Accordingly, both Antients, and Moderns have made ufe of Gnomons, for the making of their more confiderable Ob- fervations : Ulugh Seigb, King of 'Fartbia, Sec. ufed a Gnomon, in the Year X4.37. which was 180 Roman Feet high : That erecled by Ignatius 2) antes in the Church of St. tPetronius at Boulogne, in the Year 1570', was 67 Feet high ; M. Caffini erected another 20 Foot high, in the fame Church, in the Year 1655. See Solstice.

To ereft an Agronomical Gnomon, and obferve the Meri- dian Altitude of the Sun by the fame.

Erect, a perpendicular Style, of a confiderable Height, on the Meridian Line : Note the Point where the Shadow of the Gnomon terminates when projected along the Meridian Line: Meafure theDiftance of that Extreme from the Gno- mon, i.e. the Length of the Shadow- — Thus, having the Height of the Gnomon, and the Length of the Shadow 5 the Meridian Altitude of the Sun is eafily found.

Suppofe, e.gr* TS (Tab. Ofticks, Fig. 13.J the Gnomon, and T V the Length of the Shadow. Here, on the reft- angled Triangle S T V, having the two Sides T V and T S 5 the Angle V which is the Quantity of the Sun's Altitude, is found out by this Analogy : As the Length of the Sha- dow T V, is to the Altitude of the Gnomon T S ; fo is the

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