Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/913

 GLO

or Serum; and thefe, when at a dueDiftance, may be dif- cern'd to attraft each other, and unite into larger Globules, like the Spheres of Quickfilver. See Blood.

The Cartefians call the Particles broke off of the Matter of the firtt Element Globules of the fecond Element. See Element, Cartesians, &c.

GLOBULUS Naff, is us'd for the lower cartilaginous moveable Part of the Nofe. See Nose.

GLORIA 1>atri, in the Liturgy, a Formula, or Verfe, repeated at the End of each Pfalm, and on other Occafions, to give Glory to the Holy Trinity ; call'd alfo Doxology. See Doxology.

It is thus called, becaufe beginning in the Latin Office with thefe Words, Gloria 'Patrl, q. d. Glory be to the Father, &c.

Pope pamafus is commonly held to have firft order'd the Rehearfal, or rather the finging the Gloria c Patri at the End of Pfalms. Saroaitts, indeed, will have it to have been us'd in the times of the Apoftles: But its ufe, then, he al- lows to have been more obfeure; and that it did not become popular till after the Rife of Arianifm, when it was made a kind of Symbol of Orthodoxy.

The fifth Canori of the Council of Vaifon, held in ;2j>, decrees, " That the Name of the Pope fhall always be re- " hears'd in the Churches of "France ; and after the Gloria " Patri, fhall be added Stent erat iu'Principio, as is done " at Rome, in Africa, &c. On account of the Hereticks, " who fay that the Son of God had his Beginning in time." Fleury.

Gloria in Excel/is, a kind of Hymn alfo reheated in the Divine Office ; beginning with the Words Gloria in Ex- celffs SDeo, ££ in terra fax hominibus, &c. Glory be to God on High, on Earth Peace, f$c.

GLOSS, or Glossa, a Comment made on the Text of any Author, to explain his Senfe more fully, and at large ; whether in the fame Language, or another.

Nic. de Lira has compofed a Glofs of the Bible in fix Volumes, Folio.— The French fay proverbially of an ill Com- ment, that it is Glofe d'Orlcans, pus obfeure que le T"exte.

The Word Glofs, according to fome, comes from the Greek y^rla,, Tongue ; the Office of a Glofs being to ex- plain the Text; as that of the Tongue is to difcover the Mind.

Others derive it from the Latin Glos, a Sifler-in-Law, which among the Lawyers fometimes Hands for Siller ; the Glofs being, as it were, Sifler to the Text.—

Gloss is alfo ufed for a literal Translation ; or an Inter- pretation of an Author in another Language, Word for Word. See Translation.

Young Scholars need an Interlineary Glofs for the under- ftandmg of Juvenal, Horace, Saluft, &c.

Gloss is alfo us'd in Matters of Commerce, tgc. for the Luflre of a Silk, Stuff, or the like. See Lustre.

GLOSSARY, a kind of Diflionary, for explaining the obfeure, antient, and barbarous Words, and Phrafes of an al- ter'd, corrupted, or refined Language. See Dictionary,^.

Sfelman's Glqffary, intituled Latino-Sarbarum, is an ex- cellent Work; tho' that Author did not begin to fludyin this way till 50 Years of Age.

M. du Canges Latin Glqffliry in three Volumes, and his Greek Glqffary in two Volumes Folio, are wonderful Perfor- mances, full of uncommon Erudition.

Lindenbrok has a Glqffary on the Laws of Charle- tnaigfl, cVc.

GLOSSOCOMON, a Chirurgeons Inflrument, ufed in fetting broken and diflocatcd Thighs and Legs; as alfo in extending thofe which remain too Ihort after fetting. See Dislocation, $$c.

It confitls of a hollow Trunk, wherein the Thigh, or Leg is laid : At the Bottom hereof is a kind of Wheel ; and towards the Top are two Pullies, one on each Side. Several Thongs of Leather are tied both above and below the fra- ct ur'd Place. Thofe below, are fallen'd to the Axis of the Wheel, which they are near : Thofe above, go over the Pullies to come to the Axis, which they arc likewifc faften'd to ; fo that the lame Turning of the Wheel, both draws the Part of the Leg, or Thigh, which is above the Fracture, up- wards ; and that below, downwards.

The Word is form'd of the Greek yhZoiu, Tongue, and HfpHY, to have care ; and was properly and primarily given by the Antients to a little Box, wherein they kept the Reeds of their Hautbois, igc.

Glossocomon, in Mechanicks, is a Name given by Ge- ron to a Machine compofed of divers dented Wheels, with Pinions ; ferving to raife huge Burthens. —

GLOSSOPETRA, or Glottopetra, in Natural Hi- flory, a kind of Stone, in form of a Tongue ; commonly found in the liland of Malta, and divers other Parts. See Stone.

Naturalifls are divided as to the Nature, and Origin of thefe Stones. — Steno, de Corpore folido intra folidum con- lento: 01. Wormius, Diffcrt.de Gloffopetra ; and Rcyfchius de Gloffopetris Lmteburgaifilms, treat pf them at large.

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GLO

The vulgar Notion is that they are the Tongues of Scr-' pents pem t y_d ; and hence their Name, which is a Comi pound of >*»«*, Tongue, and x4t©l Stone-Hence alfo their traditionary Virtue in curing the Bites of Serpents.

The People relate, thatfince the Viper which bit St. "Par;/ without do.ng him any Harm s all the Serpents of thatlfiand have had the lame Virtue ; and that the Gloffopetra are the Tongues of thofe formerly dead— But this is palpable Fable, which the fole Figure of the Gloffopetra refutes ; they hav- ing nothing of the Figure of a Serpent; befide that they are too big. See Petrifaction.

The common Opinion of Naturalifls is that they are the Tongues of Fifties, left at Land by the Waters of the De- luge ; and fince petrify 'd. See Deluge. .

Some fpecify the very kind ofFilh ; and take it to be that which Theophraffus, and the Greek Writers call Ka.px*eixs, and the Moderns, the Sea-dog.

Camerarius cannot perfuade himfelf that the Gloffopetra L^n England, Malta, and a-round Montpelier were ever the Teeth of a Sea-dog, or any other Fiftl— The chief Dif-

ong burned under Ground, 'tis no'wonder they fticuTd have loft the bed Part of their volatile Principles.— "Tis certain that human Bones, and Skulls long intcrr'd don't afford near the Quantity of thofe Principles, as they would have done immediately after the Pcrl'on's Death.

Another Scruple propof'cd by Camerarius, is, that the Gloffopetra, when expofed to the naked Fire, turn to a Coal, and not a Calx ; contrary to what is afferted by Fabius Co- lumna— Dr. Woodward ani'wers, that 'tis likely enough the Glqffbfetrafm burning, may affume the Form of Coa^before it arrive at that of a Calx.

GLOTTIS, in Anatomy, a Cleft, or Chink in the La- rynx, ferving for the Formation of the Voice. See L4 rynx.

The Glottis is in form of a little Tongue ; whence its Name, from y^Zaia., Tongue : For the fame reafon the Latins call it Lingula, i. e. little Tongue.

Thro' this Chink the Air defcends, and afcends in refpir- ing, fpeaking, finging, g?c. It has an Apparatus of Mufcles, whereby we contract and enlarge it ; and hence all the Va- riety of Tones of the Voice. See Voice.

The Glottis is cover'd and defended with a thin, foft Car- tilage call'd the Epiglottis. See Epiglottis.

GLOVE, Chirotheca, a Habit or covering for the Hand and Wrift ; us'd both for Warmth, Decency, and to fhelter from the Weather.

Gloves, are diftinguifh'd, with refpect to Commerce, into Leathern Gloves, Silk Gloves, Thread Gloves, Cotton Gloves, worfled Gloves, &c.

There are alfo Gloves of Velvet, Satin, Taffaty, £JV. Lea- ther Gloves are made of Shammy, Kid, Lamb, Doe, Elk, Buff, &c. See Leather.

There are Perfumed Gloves ; WalTi'd, Glased, Wax'd, White, Black, Snuff-colour, t$c. Single, lin'd, top'd, lae'd, fring'd with Gold, Silver, Silk, Fur, i$c.

'Tis a Proverb, that for a Glove to be good, and well made, three Kingdoms mult contribute to it; Spain, to drefs the Leather; France, to cut it; and England, to few it : But, of late, the French feem to have appropriated the Functions of the other two ; the Gloves of the French Ma- nufacture having now the Advantage in point of dreffing and fewing; as much as cutting. —

To throw the Glove, was a Practice, or Ceremony very ufual among our Forefathers; being the Challenge, whereby, another was defied to fingle Combat — It is flill retain'd at the Coronation of our Kings ; when the King's Champion calls his Glove in, Weftmmfier-H&il, See Champion.

Favyn fuppofes the Cuilom to have arofe from the Ea- ilernNations, who in all their Sales, and Deliveries of Lands, Goods, (fc. give the Purchafer their Glove by way of Li- very, or Inveftiture. To this effect he quotes Rath iv. 7. where the Chaldee Paraphrafe calls Glove, what the com- mon Vcrfion renders by Shoe. He adds, that the Rabbins interpret by Glove, that Paffage in the CVIlI ,h Pfalm, la Idu- maam extendam calceamentum meum, Over Edom will I call out my Shoe.. — Accordingly, among us, he who took up the Glove, declared thereby his Acceptance of the Chal- lenge ; and as a Part of the Ceremony, continues Favyn, took the Glove off his own right Hand, and call it upon the Ground, to be taken up by the Challenger. This had the Force of a mutual Engagement on each fide, to meet at the Time and Place which Ihould be appoinred by the King, Parliament, or Judges.— See Gage, (fc.

The fame Author afferts, that the Cuftom which ftill ob- tains of bleffmg Gloves in the Coronation of the Kings of France, is a Remain of the Eallern Praflice of giving Pol- feffion with the Glove. L. XVI. p.ioiy- tSc.

Antiently it was prohibited the Judges to wear Gloves on the Bench. And at prefent in the Equeries of moft Princes, 'tis not fafe going in without pulling off the Gloves. —

GLUE,