Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/91

 AG I

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A G N

The Operation and Ufe of Agglutinates, fee under .Strength en ers.

The principal Simple? which come under this Oafs, are Jfing-glafs, Olibanum, Gum Arabic, Dragons Blood, Caflia, Sago, Vermicelli, Pulfe, Comfrey, Plantain, &c. See I- sing-gcass, Gum, Olisanum, Dracon's Blood, Cassia, Pulse, gfo

AGGLUTINATION, literally, denotes the Aft of join- ing, or cementing two Bodies together, by means of a proper Gluten, or Glue. See Cement, Glue, &c.

In Medicine, the Term is peculiarly uled for the Addi- tion of new Subftance ; or the giving a greater Confidence to the Animal Fluids, to fit 'cm the more forNourifhment. See Agglutinants ; fee alfo Accretion, and Nutrition.

AGGRAVATION, the Act of augmenting a Crime, qr the Punifhment thereof. See Crime, and Punishment.

The Word is compounded of ad, to, and gravis, heavy, grievous.

In the Romifc Canon Law, Aggravation is particularly ufed for an Ecclefiaftical Cenfure, threatening an Excom- munication after three Admonitions ufed in vain. See Cen- sure.

From Aggravation, they proceed to Re-aggravation ; which is the laft Excommunication. See Excommunica- tion.

AGGREGATE, the Sum, or Refult of feveral things aggregated or added together. See Aggregation, and Sum.

Natural Bodies are Aggregates, or Affemblages of Parti- cles or Corpufeles, bound together by the Principle of At- traction. See Bony, Particle, &c.

The Word is form'd of ad, to, and grex, gregis, a Flock, Company.

AGGREGATION, Aggregatio, in Phyficks, a Spe- cies of Union, whereby feveral things which have no natural Dependence or Connection with one another, are collected together, fo as in fome Senfe to conflituteone. See Union.

Thus, a Heap of Sand, or a Mafs of Ruins, arc Bodies by Aggregation.

In a like Senfe, they fometlmes fay, To be of a Com- pany or Community by Aggregation.— An Aggregation of fe- veral Doctors to the Faculty of Laws. — In Italy, Aggrega- tions arc frequently made of Houfes or Families 5 by Vir- tue whereof, they all bear the fame Name, and Arms.

The Word Aggregation, ftri&ly fpeaking, differs from Congregation 5 in that the former denotes a Coalition of fe- veral things in fome Senfe equal 5 and the latter an Accef- ilon of a lefs to a more confiderable. See Congregation.

AGGRESSOR, in Law, he, of two contending Parties, who makes the firil Affault, or Attack 5 or who began the Quarrel, Encounter, or Difference. — In Criminal Matters, it is firft enquir'd who was the Aggrejjbr. See Attack, &c.

AGILDE, in our antient Cufloms, a Perfbn fo vile, that whoever kill'd him was to pay no Mulct for his Death. See VEstimatio Capitis.

The Word comes from the privative a, and the Saxon Gildan, Jbfoere. See Gild.

AGILITY, Agilitas, Nimblenefs ; a light and active Habitude, or Difpofition of the Members, and Parts de- figncd lor Morion. See Muscle, and Muscular.

AG1LLARIUS, in antient Law- Books, a Hayward, or Keeper of a Herd of Cattle in a common Field.

AGIST, in Law.— To agijl, fignifies to take in, and feed, the Cattle of Strangers, in the King's Foreft ; and gather the Money due for the fame. See Agistor.

The Word is alfo extended to the taking in of other Mens Catrcl, in any Man's Ground ; at a certain Rate per Week.

It is alfo ufed metaphorically for a Charge or Burden on any thing. — In this Senfe, we meet with Tcrrtf ad Cufto- d;am Maris Agiflat<e, i. c. charged with a Tribute to

keep out the Sea. Seld. Mare Clatif. So, Terree Agif-

t&t&; are Lands whofe Owners are bound to keep up the 80a- Banks. Spelman.

The Word is form'd of the French Gijle, a Bed, or Ly- ing-Place.

AGISTOR, an Officer of the Foreft, who takes in the Cattle of Strangers, to feed therein; and receives for the King's Ufe, all luch Tack-Money as becomes due upon that account. Sec Forest, and Agist.

In Engl/Jh, they are otherwifc called, Gileft-takers, or Gift-takers, and made, by Letters Patent, to the Number of four, in every Foreft, where his Majefty has any Pan- nage. Sec Pannage.

Their Function is term'd Ag'/Jlment, and Agiftage.

AGITATION, Agitatio, properly fignifies Shaking- or a reciprocal Motion of a Body this way and that. See Motion,

The Prophets, Quakers, Pythian Pnefteffes, ££c. were fubject to violent Agitations of Body, &c. See Prophet Quaker, Pythia, OSJc.

Among Phyfiologifts, the Term is fomctimes appropriated

to that Species of Earthquake, call'd Tremor, or Trembling Arietatw. See Earthquake.

Among Philofophers, it is chiefly ufed for an intefiine Commotion of the Parts of any natural Body. Sec Intes- tine.

_ Thus, Fire is faid to agitate the minute Particles of Bo- dies. See Fire. — Fermentation, and Efrervefcence, are at- tended with a brifk Agitation of the Particles. See Fer- mentation, Effervescence, and Particle.

Agitation of Seajis in the Forefl, anriently fignify'd the Drift of Bealts in the Foreft. See Drift, and Forest

AGITATORS, in our Engliffj Affairs, were certain Of- ficers, created by the Army in it>47> E ° take care of tHe Intercfts thereof.

Crom^xel leagued himfelf with the Agitators, whom he

found to have more Intereft than the Council of War.'.

The Agitators undertook to make Propolals relating to the Reformation of Religion and the State.

AGLECTS, Aglets, or Agleeps, among Florifts, the Pendants hanging on theTip-ends of Chives,and Stamina ; as in Tulips, Roles, Spike-grafs, tfc. See Chive, Stamina,^

AGNATI, in the Civil Law, a Term ufed in refpeft of the Male Defcendents of the fame Father, in different Lines. See Agnation.

In this Senfe, the Word is contradiftingui/h'd to Cognati. See Cognati.

AGNATION, Agnatio, in the Civil Law, the Bond of Confanguinity or Relation between the Male-Defcen- dents of the fame Father ; as Cognation is the Bond of Re- lation between all the Defcendents of the fame Father, both Males and Females. Sec Cognation.

The Difference, then, between Agnation and Cognation, confifts in this, that Cognation is the univerfal Name,' un- der which the whole Family, and even the Agnati them- felves are contain'd $ and Agnation a particular Branch of Cognation, which only includes the Defcendents in the Male Line. See Consanguinity.

By the Law of the Twelve Tables, Males and Females fucceeded one another 5 according to the Order of Proximi- ty, and without any regard to the Sex; but the Laws were afterwards chang'd in this refpect, by the Lex Vocoma ; and Women were excluded from the Privileges of Agnation, ex- cepting fuch as were within the Degree of Confanguinity, i.e. excepting the Sifters of him who died ab-inteftatei and it was hence that the Difference between Agnati and Cognati firft took its rife.

But this Difference was again aboliftYd by Juflinian* and the Females were re-inftatcd in the Right of Agnation* and all the Defcendent's on the Father's fide, whether Males or Females, were appointed to fucceed each other indifcri- minately, according to the Order of Proximity.

Hence, Cognation came to take in all the Relations of the Father 5 and Agnation to be reftrained to thoPi of the Mother.

Adoptive Children enjoy'd the Privileges of Agnation ; which was called Civil in their refpect, in oppofition to the other, which was Natural. See Adoption,

AGNOITES, or Agnoetes, a Denomination given to certain antient Hereticks, who denied that Chrift foreknew the Day of Judgment.

The Word is Greek, *&yvw\T& ; formM of dyvoia, Jgnoro, I do not know.

Eulogius, Patriarch of Alexandria, afcribes this Herefy to certain Solitaries in the Neighbourhood of jferufalem t who in defence hereof, alledg'd divers Texts of the New Teftament, and among others, this of St. Mark, C. XIII. ver. 32. " Of that Day and Hour knoweth no Man 5 no " the Father only." — The fame Paflage was made ufe of by the Arians ; and hence the Orthodox Divines of thofe Days were induced to give various Explications thereof : Some al- ledge, that our Saviour here had no regard to his Divine Na- ture, but only fpoke of his Human. Others underftand it thus, That the Knowledge of the Day of Judgment does not con- cern our Saviour confider'd in his Quality of Mefliah, but God only. Whick is the moft natural Explication.
 * c not the Angels who are in Heaven, nor the Son, but

AGNOMEN, among the Romans, a kind of Sirname, ufually given on occafion of fome particular Action, Habit, or other Circumftance of the Bearer. See Name, and

SlRNAME.

Thus, one of the Scipio's was named Africanus, and the other Afiatictis, from the brave Achievements which the one did in Africa, and the other in Afia.

The Agnomen was the third in order of the three Ro- man Names. — Thus, in Marcus "Tullius Cicero, Marcus is the Prarnomen, Ttillms the Nomen, and Cicero the Agno- men. See Nomen, Prjenomen, &c.

AGNUS Cajlus, a Shrub, famous among the Antients as a Specific for the Prcfervation of Chaftity, and the prevent- ing of all "Venereal Dcfires, Pollutions, &c.

The Greeks call'd it "Ayv@- y chaft ; to which has fines been added the Reduplicative Caftits, q, d. Cbaft t ckajl-

The