Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/909

 GLO

( I5P)

GLO

In the Culture, care muft be taken to have a warm, light* rich Soil, or to amend it with Manure : They plant it in Trenches, three Spits deep, in February and March ; ufually in Rows, at a Foot diftance from each other. The Parts chofe for this purpofe, are Sets from the Top of the Plant, or the very Top of the Root ; or elfe the Runners that fpread from the Matter- root — In moift Weather, the Branches may alfo be ilip'd and planted.

They are taken about November, or ^December, after they have flood three Summers in the Ground ; for then the Li- quorice weighs moll, and will keep with leaft Lofs : Not but that there is a continual Diminution in this refpefi from the firft taking it.

New, green Liquorice fhould be chofe fmooth and even, about the Thickncfs of the middle Finger, ruddy without, yellowifti within, eafy to cut, and of an agreeable Smell.

This Root being boil'd a long time in Water, till the Fluid has got a deep, yellow Tincture ; and the Water, at length evaporated over a moderate Fire; there remains a black, folia Sediment, which is what we call Liquorice, or Li- quorice Juice, or fometimes Sfanijh Juice.

Chufe it black without fide, and of a mining Black with- in, eafy to break, and of an agreeable Tafte. The whitifh, and yellowifh Liquorice Juices are good for nought; being ufually no other than Compofitions of Sugar, Starch, a little Gum Tragacanth, and Liquorice Powder.

The native Liquorice Juice is very fweet upon the Palate, even more than Sugar, or Honey; and is yet accounted a great Quencher ofthirft; on which account Galen prefcribes it in Dropfies. It is very balfamic, and detergent ; infomuch that there is fcarce any medicinal Compofition for Difeafes of the Breaft, but it is an Ingredient in.—

GLOBE, in Geometry, a round or fpherical Body; more ufually called a Sphere. See Sphere.—

The Earth, and Water, together, are fuppofed to form a Globe, hence call'd the Terraqueous Globe, See TERRA- QUEOUS.

The Planets, both Primary, and Secundary, are fuppofed, as well as our Earth, to be folidGMcr. See Planet.

The Earth, is, in a peculiar Senfe call'd the Globe, or Globe of the Earth. See Earth.

Globe is particularly ufed for an artificial Sphere of Me- tal, Plaifter, Paper, or other Matter ; on whofe convex Sur- face is drawn a Map, or Reprefentation, either of the Earth, or Heavens, with the feveral Circles conceived thereon. See Map.

In this Senfe, Globes are of two kinds, Terrcflrial, and Celeflial ^ each of very confiderable Ufe : The one, in Aftro- nomy, and the other in Geography; to perform many of the Operations thereof, in an eafy, fenfible manner, fo as to be conceived without any Knowlege of the mathematical Grounds of thofeArts.

The fundamental Parts, common to both Globes, are an Axis, reprefenting that of the World; and a fpherical Shell, or Cover, which makes the Body of the Globe, on whofe ex- ternal Surface the Reprefentation is made. See Axis, Pole, Sec.

Globes, we have obferved, are made of divers Materials, viz. Silver, Brafs, Paper, Plaifter, £?c. Thofe commonly ufed, are of Plaifter, and Paper : The Conftruction whereof is as follows : >

ConflruBion of Globes.

A wooden Axis is provided, fomewhat lefs than the in- tended Diameter of the Globe 1 and into the Extremes here- of two Iron Wires arc driven, for Poles: This Axis is to be the Beam, or Bafis of the whole Structure.

On the Axis are applied two fpherical, or rather hemif- pherical Caps, form 'd on a kind of wooden Mould, or Block. — - Thefe Caps confift of Pafteboard, or Paper, laid, one Lay af- ter another, on the Mould, to the Thickncfs of a Crown-piece; after which, having ftood to dry, and imbody ; making an Incifion along the Middle, the two Caps thus parted, are Ilip'd off the Mould.

They remain now to be applied on the Poles of the Axis, as before they were on thofe of the Mould : And to fix them in their new Place, the two Edges are Town together with Packthread,^-

The Rudiments of the Globe thus laid, they proceed to ftrengthen, and make it fmooth and regular — In order to this, the two Poles are hafp'd in a metalline Semicircle, of the Size intended ; and a kind of Plafter, made of Whiting, Water, and Glue heated, melted, and incorporated together, is daub d all over the Paper-Surface. In proportion "as the Plaifter is applied, the Ball is turn'd round in the Semicircle, the Edge whereof, pares off whatever is fuperfluous, and beyond the due Dimenfion; leaving the reft adhering in Places that arefliort of it.

After fuch Application of Plaifter, the Ball ftands to dry; which done, it is put again in the Semicircle, and frefh Mat- ter applied : Thus they continue alternately to apply the

Compofition, and dry it, till fuch time as the. Ball every where accurately touches the Semicircle ; in which State it is perfectly fmooth, regular, firm, &c.

The Ball thus finilh'd, it remains to pafte the Mapi or Defcription thereon : In order to this, that Map is projected" in feveral Gores, or Guffets ; all which join accurately on the fpherical Surface, and cover the whole Ball. To direct the Application of thefe Gores, Lines are drawn bv a Semi- circle on the Surface of the Ball, dividing it into a Number of equal Parts correfponding to thofe of the Gores, and fub- dividing thofe again anfwerably to the Lines and Divifions of the Gores.

The Papers thus palled on, there remains nothing but to colour and illuminate theGfcfo; and to varniih it, the bet- ter to refill Dull, Moifture, igc.

The Globe itfclf, thusfinifli'd, they hang it in a Brafs Me- ridian with an Hour Circle, and Quadrant of Altitude; ahi thus fit it into a wooden Horizon.

Defcription of the Globes.

The Things common to both Globes, are either delineated on the Surface ; or added as Appendages, without it.

Without the Surface, are i° The two 'Poles, whereon the Globe is turn'd, reprefenting thofe of the World.— See Pole^
 * ° The "Brazen Meridiati, which is divided into Degrees,

and paffes thro' the Poles. See Meridian— 3 The Wooden Horizon, whofe Upper-fide reprefents the Horizon ; and is divided into feveral Circles: The innermoit whereof con, tains the twelve Signs of the Zodiac, fubdivided into their Degrees ; the next, the Julian ; and the third, the Grego- rian Calendars :Without-fide of all thefe, are drawn the Points of the Winds. See Compass, and Wind. — 4. A Brafs <?«<l- drant of Altitude, divided into 90 Degrees, to be faftcn'J oh the Meridian at the Diftance of 90 Degrees from the Horizon, See Quadrant of Altitude. — 5°The HourCircle, divided into twice twelve Hours, and fitted on the Meridian, round the Pole, which carries an Index pointing to the Hour — A Ma- riner's Compafs is fometimes added on the Bottom of the Frame; and fometimes, a Semicircle of Pofltion. See Com- pass, and Position.

On the Surface are delineated, 1° The Equinoctial Line', divided into z6o Degrees; commencing from the Vernal IntcrfeQion. See Equinoctial. — z" The Ecliptic, divided into 12 Signs, and thefe fubdivided into Degrees. See Ec- liptic.— 3° The Zodiac. See Zodiac. — 4 The two Tro- pes. See Tropic; and 5 The 'Polar Circles. See Po- lar Circle.

What elfe belongs to Globes, either as to Conftruction, or Defcription, is different, as the Globe is either Celeflial, or Terreftrial. See Celejlial, and Tcrreflrial Globe.

Celeflial Globe, is an artificial Sphere, on whofe convex Surface the fix'd Stars are laid down, at proportionable Diftances, together with the principal Circles of the Sphere. See Star, Constellation, Circle, &c.

The Ufe of thefe Globes, is to exhibit the Phenomena of the Motions of the Sun, and Stars, in an ea'y, and obvious manner ; which, tho' fomewhat unaccurate, is yet exact enough for the common Ufes of Life, and may fave the Trouble of Trigonometrical Calculation. — See Astronomy.

To exhibit the Stars, Circles, &c. on the Surface of i given Sphere j or Sail, and fit it for the Ufes of Jflro- norny.

i c Affume any two Points diametrically oppofite to each other, as P, and Q: (Tab. Aftronomy, Fig. 58. j And in thele, fix up Axes, P A, and Q_C, for the Ball to turn round on. The Points P and Q; pr A and C, will exhibit the 'Poles of the World. 2° Divide a Brazen Circle A B C D into four Quadrants, A E, E C, C F, and F D ; and fub- divide each Quadrant into 90 Degrees, number'd from the Points E, and F towards the Poles A, and C. j° Clofe the Globe in this Circle, as in a Meridian, at the Points A, and C, fo as it may freely turn therein.

4° Apply a Style, or Pin to the Surface of the Globe irt the firft Degree of the Meridian, and turn the Ball round ; by this means will a Circle be defcribed on the Surface, re- prefenting the JEquator, to be divided into Degrees. 5 From the Pole of the World P, towards M ; and from the other Pole C, towards N. Number is£ Degree ; the Points M and N will be the Poles of the Eclij tic.

6° Apply a Style to the Meridian, in the Point M, and. turn the Globe round ; by this Rotation will'the Arctic Polar Circle be defcribed : And after the fame manner is the Ant- arctic Polar to be defcribed about the Point O.

7" Number 23} Deg. from the ^Equator towards the Poles P, and Q_; and no'te the Points H, and I. Then, ap- plying a Style to the Meridian, as before, two Circles wifl be defcribed parallel to the Equator; whereof that drawn thro' H, will be the Tropic of Cancer, and the other thro' I,' the Tropic of Capricorn.

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