Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/895

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GIL

.Kralts-, a learned Ganon of Strasbourg, in the Lives of the Emperor of the Houle of Srunfixick, is of the fecond Sentiment above related : In a Battle, fays he, between Weljf j oiGuelff, and F'riderick, the Army of the firll crying out, Hie Weljf'. Hie, Welffi the fecond commanded his, to cry out Hie, Gliding I Hie, Gliding, the Name of his Birth Place; and the French and Lombards aiking the Signification of thole Words, they were anfwer'd, that by Weljf was meant the Pope's Party ; and by Gibeling, the Emperor's.

_ Yet others contend, that the Word Gibelm is only a foft- ning of the Word Giberrin, or Guibertin ; and that it arofe irom Guibert, an Anti-Pope, fet up by the Emperor Henry UP, in the Year 1080, A£la SimtJ. Trofiyl. Mail, f. 198.

Maimbourg, in his Hift. de la Llecad. d'e I'F.mp. advances another Opinion: The two Factions, and their Names, fays he, arofe from a Quarrel between two Antient and Illu- ftrious Houfes, on the Confines of Germany, that of the Henrys of Gibeling, and that ot the Guelfes of Adorf: Which Account appeals the moft probable of them all.

GiBET, a Machine, in manner of a Gallows, whereon notorious Criminals after Execution, are hung in Irons, or Chains ; as Spectacles, in terrorem. See Gallows.

The Word in French, Glbct, properly denotes what we call Gallows : It is fuppofed to come originally from the A- rabic Gibcl, Mount, Elevation of Ground ; by reafon they are ufually made on Hills, or Eminences.

GIBLETS, the Offalls or Entrails of a Goofe ; including the Heart, and Liver, with the Feet, Gizzard, ci?c.

The Word is luppos'd to be form'd of Goblets, from the French Goleau, mouth-full.

Giblets make a confiderable Article in Cookery : They boil Giblets, Hew Giblets, make Ragoos of Giblets, Giblet Pies, ffc.

GIGANTIC, fee Giant.

F. Souhours relates, that one of the Artifices of the In- dian Sramans coniifts in perfuading the fimpie People, that t the Gods eat like us; and, that they may bring them Stole of Victuals, they reprefent thole Gods of a Gigantic Size, and above all, give them a huge Tun Belly.

GIGANTOMACHIA, the Battle of the Giants againft the fabulous Gods of the antient Heathens.

Several of the Poets have compofed Gigamomachia 's : That of Scarron is the finefc of all his Pieces.

The Word is Greek, yifavlou.ti.yU> form'd of ylym, yt- ydsT©-, Giant, and f«Jt«> Combat, of u.aytuM, ptlgno, I fight.

GIGG, Gigue, or Jig, in Mufic and Dancing, a gay, brifk, fprightly Competition, and yet in full Meafure, as well as the AUemand, which is more ferious. See Dance.

Menage takes the Word to arife from the Italian Giga, a rnufical Inftrument mentioned by Dante.

GILBERTINES, an Order of Religious, thus call'd from St. Gilbert, of Simpringham, in the County of Lincoln, who founded the fame, about the Year 1148.

Antiently, none were received into it but married People : The Monks obferved the Rule of St. Allgvflin ; and were accounted Canons ; and the Nuns that of St. SencdiSi.

The Founder erccfed a double Monaftery, or rather, two different ones, contiguous to each other, the one for Men, the other for Women, but parted by a very high Wall.

The Order, afterwards, confiited often fuch Monafteries : All which were fupprels'd at the general Diffolution of Mo- nastic Orders under King Henry VIII.

GILD, or Guild, originally fignify's a Fraternity, or Company- form'd from the Saxon Gildan, to pay, becaufe every Man was gildare, i. e. to pay fomething towards the Charge and Support ot the Company. See Company, and Fraternity.

Thence comes our Guild-hall, a. d. the Hall of the Socie- ty or Fraternity, where they meet and make Orders and Laws among themfelvcs. See GuiLis-Hall.

The Original of Gilds is thus related : It being a Law amongft the Saxons, that every Freeman of fourteen Years old mould find Sureties to keep the Peace, or be committed; certain Neighbours entred into an Affociation, and became bound for each other, either to produce him who commit- ted an Offence, or to make Satisfaction to the injur'd Party : This, that they might the better do, they rais'd a Sum of Money among themfelves, which they put into a common Stock; and when one ot their Pledges had commuted an Offence, and was fled, then the other nine made Satisfaction out of this Stock, by Payment of Money, according to the Offence. See Fr.AnK-'Pledge.

Becaufe this Affociation confided often Families, it was called a Decennary : And irom hence came our Fraternit.es. See Decenna.

But, as to the direct Time when thele Gilds had their Origin in England, there is nothing of Certainty to be found ; fince they were in ufe long before any foimal Licence was granted to them for fuch Meetings.

Edward the third, in the fourteenth Year of his Reign, granted Licence to- the Men of Coventry, to ereil a Mer-

chants Gild and Fraternity, of Brethren and Sifters, witH a Mafter, or Warden; and that they might make Cnantries; beftow Alms, do other Works of Piety, and conilitute Ordi- nances touching the fame, &c.

So Henry t%s fourth, in his Reign, granted a Licence td found a Gild of the Holy Crofs, at Stratford upon Avon.

In the Roy il Boroughs of Scotland, a Gild is fiill ufed for a Company of Merchants, who are Freemen of the Borough. See Borough.

Every Royal Borough has a Dean of Gild, who is the next Magiifrate below the Bailiff. He judges of Contro- verfies among Men concerning Trade ; difputes between In- habitants touching Buildings, Lights, Water-courfes, and other Nukmce ; calls Courts, at which his Brethren of the Gild are bound to attend ; manages the common Stock of the Gild, and amerces and collects Fines.

Gild, or Geld, according to Cambden, does alfo fignify a Tribute, or Tax ; and the Statutes of 27 Ed<W. 3. Stat. 1. cap 13 ; and 11 Hen. 7. cap. <j. ufe Gildablc in the fame. Senfe with Taxable. See Geld.

Gild, according toCrcmpton, does alio fignify an Amerce- ment : As in Footgeld, whii.h he interpretesa Preftation with- in the Foreft, in thefe Words,— To be quit of all manner of Gild, ts to be difcharged of all manner of Preffaticns to be made for gathering Sheafs of Corn, Lamb, and Wool, to the ufe of Borefters.

Gild, or Geld, is alfo ufed among our antient Writers

for a Compenfation, or Muia for a Fault committed.

Qtiicquid in amore in alterum furatum habent in duos Geldos oompenere facial.

Hence, Wcregeld, is the Price of a Man; Orpgeld, is the Price of Cattle; Angild, the fingle Value of a thing; Twi- geld, the double Value. See Wergild, $$c.

There are likewife many Words, which end with Geld, and that (hew the feveral kinds of Payments; as Danegeld, Vadegeld, Seregeld, Hornegeld, Sotgeld, Teuigt Id, &c. See Danegeld, &c.

Gild, or Guilt Rents, are Rents payable to the Crown by any Gild, or Fraternity; or fuch Rents as formerly be- longed to Religious Gilds, and came to the Crown at the general Diffolution, order'd for Sale by the Stat, ai Car. z.

GILDABLE, or Geldable, denotes 'tributary, that is, liable to Pay, Tax, or Tribute.

Cambden, dividing Suffolk into three Parts, calls the firft Gildable, becaufe liable to Tax ; from which the other two Parts were cxempr, becaufe Ecclefiie Donata,

Guildablc is alfo explained in an antient MS. to be that Land or Lord/hip which is fab dift.riSior.eCurid! Vice-Corn.

GILGTJL Hammetbin, a Hebrew Phrafe, literally Signi- fying the Rolling of the Dead.

To conceive the Ufe of this Diction, it is to be obferv'd that the Je'xs have a Tradition, that at the coming of the McJJiah, no Ifraelite fhall rife any where but in the Holy Land. What, then, fhall become of all the Faithful in- tcr'd in other Parts ? Shall they perifh, and remain in the State of Death ?

No, fay the Jewifh Doctors: But God will dig them Sub- terraneous Canals, or Cavities, thro' which they fhall roll from their Tombs to rhe Holy Land ; and when arrived there, God will blow on them, and raile them again.

This imaginary Paffage of the Carcaffes, or Allies of the Je-zvs, from their Tombs, to the Holy Land, by rolling un- der Ground, is what they call Gilgul Hammetbin, the rol- ling of the Dead.

GILHALDA Teutonicortlm, was us'd for the Fraternity of Eafterling Merchants in London; called the Stillyard. See Stillyard.

GILD-ifo//, a. d. Gild* Aula, the chief Hall in the City of London. See GviLD-Hall.

— Gildarum nomine continentur non folum minores Fra- ternitates, e? fodalitia, fed ipfe etiam civitatllm Commu- mtates, fays the learned Spelman. See Gild.

Gii,-a-Merchant, Gilda Mercatoria, was a certain Privi- lege, or Liberty, granted to Merchants, whereby they were enabled among other Things to hold certain Pleas of Land within their own Precinfts.

King John grantcdGildam Mercatoriam to the Eurgeffes of Nottingham.

GILDING, orGuiLDtNG.the Art, or A3 of fpreading or covering a Thing over with Gold, either in Leaf or Liquid. Sec Gold.

The Art of gilding was not unknown among the Ancients, tho' it never arrived among them at the Perfection to which the Moderns have carried it.

'Pliny affures us, that the firft gilding, feen at Rome, was after the Deltruction of Carthage, under the Cenforfhip of Lnci'is Mummius; when they began to gild the Ceilings of their Temples, and Palaces; the Capitol being the firft Place on which the Enrichment was beftow'd. But he adds, that Luxury adv. need 01. them fo haftily, that in a little time you n ght fee ail, even private and poor Peribns, gild the very Walls, Vaults, £-?c. of their Houfes.


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