Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/884

 GEN

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GEN

In the Genejis of Figures,^, the Line, or Surface that

j inoves, is called the 'Defcribent ; and the Line around

which, or according to which the Revolution, or Motion is

made, the 2) irigcrit. See Describent, and Dirigent.

GENET, in the Manage, ££c. a fmall iked, Well propor- tioned Spanijb Horfe.

Some alfo give the Term Genet a to well made Italian Horfes.

To ride a la Genette, is to ride in the Spetnifh Fafhion ; t. e. with the Stirrups fo fliort, that the Spurs bear upon the Flanks of the Horfe. This is deem'd a Piece of Gallantry in Spain, but not among us.

0ENETHLIACI, in Aitrology, Perfons who erca Ho- rofcopes ; or foretel what /hall befal Men, by means of the Stars which prefided at their Nativity. Sec Horoscope, and Nativity.

The Antients call'd them Chalddei, and by the general Name Mathematici : Accordingly, the feveral Civil, and Canon Laws, which we find made againft the Mathema- ticians, only refpeft the Genethliaci, or Aitrologers.

They were expel I'd Rome by a formal Decree of the Se- nate ; and yet found fo much Protection from the Credulity of the People, that they remain'd therein unmolefted.

Hence an antient Author fpeaks of them as Hominum ge- nus quod in militate no fir a Jenifer £S? vetahitw, ££? rctinc- hitur. See Astrology.

Antifater, and Achinapolus have fhewn that Genethlio- logy Ihould rather be founded on the Time of Conception, than that of the Birth. Vitruvius.

The Word is fbrm'd of the Greek yiviSM, Origin, Ge- neration.

GENETHLIACUM,Genethliac "Poem, Genetiili- acum Carmen, is a Composition in Verfe, on the Birth of fome Prince, or other Illuilrious Perfon ; wherein the Poet promifes him great Honours, Advantages, Succefles, Victo- ries, &c. by a kind of Prophefy or Prediction.

Such is the Eclogue of Virgil to 'pollio, beginning,

Sicelides Mufe paulo major a canamm.

There are alfo Genethliac Speeches, or Orations ; made to celebrate a Perfon's Birth-day.

GENEVA, a popular Name for a diftijfd Water ; pro- cur'd from the Seeds, or Berries of the Juniper Tree ; Which the French call Genevrier, and the Berry Genevre .- Whence the Englijh Appellation Geneva. — See Water, and

JUNIFER.

GENEVIEVE, St. Genevieve, or St. Geneviefve. The Fathers or Religious of St. Genevieve, is a Congrega- tion of Regular Canons of the Order of St. Augufiin ; eiiab- lifh'd in France.

The Congregation of St. Genevieve is a Reform of the Augufiin Canons, begun by St. Charles Faure, in the Abby of St. Vincent de Senlis, whereof he was a Member, in the Year i<Si8. See Augustines.

The Reform fbon fpread into other Houfes; particularly that of Notre 2)ame d'Eu, and the Abby of St. Genevieve at 'Paris, chiefly by the Intercft of the Cardinal de la Ro'che- folic aud, who was chofe Abbot thereof in 1619; and in 162.1 propofed the Reform to the Religious of his Abby.

In the Year 1634 the Abby was made elective ; and a General Chapter, compofed of the Superiors of 1 5 Houfes who had now receiv'd the Reform, chofe F. Faure Co-ad- jutor of the Abby of St. Genevieve, and General of the whole Congregation. Such were its Beginnings.

It has fince increased very much, and now confi-fts of above an hundred Monasteries ; in fome whereof the Religious are cmploy'd in the Administration of the Parlfhes, and Hofpi- tals ; and in others, in the Celebration of Divine Service, and the Inltrutlion of Ecclefiafticks in Seminaries for thepurnofc.

The Congregation takes its Name from the Abby ot St. Genevieve, which is the Chief of the Order ; and whofe Abbot is the General thereof. The Abby it felf took its Name from St. Genevieve, the Patronefs of the City of 'Pa- ris $ who died in the Year 512. Five Years after her Death, Clov.is erected the Church of St. Genevieve, under the Name and Invocation of Sr. 'Peter ; where her Relicks are (till preferv'd; her Shrine vifited, and her Image carried with oreat Proceffions and Ceremonies, upon extraordinary Oc- caiions, as when fome great Favour is to be intreatcd of Heaven.

GENIAL, Genialis, an Epithet, applied by the An- tients to certain Deities, whom they fuppos'd to prefide over the Affair of Generation. See God.

Among the Genial Gods, C DH Geneales, fays Feflus, were Water, Earth, Fire, and Air, which the Greeks call'd £- lem.nis.

The twelve Signs were alfo rank'd in the Number 5 as alfo the Sun and Moon.

They were thus called a Gerendo, from Bearing: Or, according to the Correction of Scaliger and Vojjitts, a ge- nendo, to yean, produce. — ;

Yet Feftus Jays, they were alfo call'd demies) of Qertwj$ which ieems to require the former Reading. M. 'Dacier^ in a Note, mews that gercre has the Senfe of "agge^f.**-

GENICULI, in Botany, the Knots, which appear on! Herbs : Whence Botanitts call thofe mark'd therewith Ge- niculate 'Plants. See Plant.

GENIOGLOSSI, in Anatomy, a Pair of Mufcles, pro- ceeding inwardly from the Fore-part of the lower Jaw,, un-" der another called Geniohyoides ; and which* enlarging themfelvcs, are faften'd into the Bafis of the Tongue. See Tongue. .. -,

They ferve to pull the Tongue forward ; and to rhruft it out of the Mouth; being thus called from yt*K, Men- turn, the Chin, and yhtStaa., Lingua, the Tongue.

GENIOHYOIDtEUS, in Anatomy, a Muscle of the Of? Hyoidcs, which, with its Partner, is fhort, thick, and flefhyj arifing from the internal Parts of the lower Jaw-bone, called the Chin; and dilating themfelves, are foon leCTen'd again; and inferted into the fupcrior Part of the Fore-bone or the Os Hyoides. See Muscle. j

Thefe pull upwards and forwards the Os Hyoides, : and affift the GenioglofTi in thrulting the Tongue out of the Mouth. See Hyoides.

They take their Name from yhvf, Mentum, the Gnin* and uottdV, Hyoides.

GENITAL, Genitalis, in Medicine, fomething that relates to Generation. Thus we fay, the Genital Parts, q- d. the Parts imploy'd in the Affair of Generation. See Parts and Generation. ■ ■.

The Genital Gods, Dii Genitales, are fometi tries ufed irf the antient Roman Poets for thofe we otherwife call Jndige- tes. See Indigetes. -

Aufonius, in the Argument of the fourth Book of the Encid, takes the Word in a different manner: The DuGe- nitales, he obferves, were not fuch as were born of human- Parents, were not thus called quaji geniti ex hominihus ; but rather becaufe they themfelves had begot human Children.'

GENITALIA, or Genitories, in Anatomy, a Name fometimes given the Teftes, or Tefticles of Man ; on ac- count of their Office in Generation. See Testicle.

GEN1TES, or Genitei, among the Hebrews, were thofe who defcended from Abraham, without any Mixture of foreign Blood. 1 £

The Greeks diftinguim'd by the Name of Genites fuch of the Jfaos, as were iffucd from Parents, who, during the Sabylonijb Captivity, had not allied with any Gentile Fa- mily. , ;

The Word is form'd of the Greek yuwrtf. —

GENITIVE, the fecond Cafe of the Declenfion of Nouns- See Case.

The Relation of one thing confider'd as belonging irr fome manner to another, has occafion'd a new Termination" of Nouns, call'd the Genitive Cafe. See Noun.

In Englijh^ the Genitive Cafe is made by prefixing the Particle of; in French, de, or du, &c. though, in Strictnefs, there are no Cafes at all in either of thofe Languages, in- afmuch as they do not exprefs the different Relations of Things by different Terminations, but by additional Prepo- fitions.

In the Latin, this Relation is exprefs'd in divers man* ncrs: Thus we fay, Caput Hominis, the Head of a Man;, Color Rofee, the Colour of a Roie 5 Opus 2)ei, the Work of God, S0e.

As the Genitive Cafe ferves to exprefs very different, and even oppofitc Relations, there fometimes arifes an Ambi- guity therefrom : Thus in the Phrafe Vulnus Achillis, the Wound of Achillis, the Genitive Achillis may cither fignify the Relation of Subject, in which Senfe it is taken paftively for the Wound Achilles has receiv'd ; or the Relation of a Caufe, in which Senfe it is taken actively for the Wound Achilles has given : Thus in that Paffage of St. 'Paul, Cer- tUS fum quod neqtie mors* neque vita, ckc. nos poterit fepa- rare a charitate 'Dei in Chrijlo, &c. The Genitive TiEli has been taken by Interpreters in two different Senfes j fome giving it the Relation of Object, and underitanding the Paffage of the Love which the Elect bear to God iii Jefus Chrifi, whereas others give it the Relation of Sub- ject, and explain it of the Love which God bears the> Elea in Jefus Chrift.

In the Hebrew Tongue, the Genitive Cafe is marked af~ ter a manner very different from that of the Greek, and Latin ; far whereas in thofe Languages the Noun Govern'd is varied ; in Hebrew they change the Noun Governing.

GENITURA, or Genitvre, a Name fome Author^ give to the Seed ; both that of the Male, and Female. See Seed.

GENIUS, a good, or evil Spirit 5 or a Daemon, whom ■ thcAntients fuppos'd fet over each Perfon, to direct his Birth„ accompany him in Life, and to be his" Guard. See Dxs


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